This document discusses computer-aided design (CAD) systems used in the apparel industry. It provides information on popular CAD software options used for pattern making, grading, marker making, and digitizing manual patterns. The document also discusses the advantages of CAD systems for apparel design, including reduced time and expenses compared to manual design work. CAD systems allow designs to be customized easily and stored digitally. The document presents information on classifications of 3D CAD systems and concludes with a discussion of why CAD/CAM systems are necessary for apparel companies to keep up with fast-changing fashion trends.
The document discusses the use of CAD (computer-aided design) software in the garment industry. It describes how CAD is used to design patterns and textile prints, simulate designs, and improve productivity. CAD connects to CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) to automate processes like cutting, spreading, and grading patterns in multiple sizes. The integration of CAD and related software has streamlined garment production and reduced costs by increasing efficiency.
Quality Control in Garment ManufacturingAbhishek Raj
ย
This document provides an overview of quality controls in garment manufacturing and supervisor training. It discusses the importance of ongoing training to develop employee skills. It outlines a five-step process for success: decision, commitment, planning, preparation, and execution. Key areas of focus for supervisors include production, absenteeism, methods, planning, quality, and costs. Supervisors require technical, human resource, management, and cost control skills. Technical skills training covers specifications, methods, and systems. Human resource skills include training, hiring, motivation, and communications. Management skills involve planning, organizing, coordinating, and quality control responsibilities. Cost control relies on work standards, material utilization, and labor productivity. The document emphasizes developing the right
Application of computer in textile manufacturingMd Nurunnabi
ย
This document provides information about a course titled "Application of Computer in Textile Manufacturing (ACTM)". The objectives of the course are to learn about various software used in the textile manufacturing industry, including USTER BALE MANAGER, Fabric CAD for weaving and knitting, database management systems, spectrophotometers, and garment CAD software like Lectra Modaris and Diamino. Key outcomes include analyzing yarn data using USTER BALE MANAGER, understanding weaving and knitting CAD modules, formulating dye recipes using spectrophotometers, and developing garment patterns and markers using garment CAD software.
This document provides information about different cutting methods and knives used in fabric cutting. It introduces various fully manual and computerized cutting methods, including straight knives, round knives, band knives, die cutting, notchers, drills, laser cutting, water jet cutting, and plasma torch cutting. For each method, it describes the features, working principles, advantages, and disadvantages. The document is presented by a group of students and contains their names and student IDs.
The document provides information to calculate the costs for cutting a ladies popover tunic, including fabric consumption, labor costs, and total costs. It details the order specifications, marker and spreading plans for two fabrics, calculates ply and marker lengths, and determines the total time and labor cost needed. The total fabric consumption was calculated as 25,349.99 meters for navy fabric at Rs. 100/meter and 7800 meters for coral fabric at Rs. 120/meter, for a total fabric cost of Rs. 34,70,999. The total time was estimated as 106.46 hours at a labor cost of Rs. 30/hour, amounting to Rs. 3193.8 for labor. The concluding total cost for
(Over Dyeing) to dye for a second or third time with a different color. Over dyeing is such a rewarding way of rescuing an ugly or unsatisfactory colored cloth. It gives uneven look. sometimes over dyeing doesnโt mean all-time dyeing the garment which is previously dyed. Over dyeing may be normal dyeing or piece dyeing process.
The document discusses cutting in the garments industry. It covers the cutting process, requirements for accurate cutting, different cutting methods including manual and computerized, and various cutting machines used such as straight knife cutters, round knife cutters, and band knife cutters. It also discusses quality control processes for the cutting section to ensure accurate cutting of garment pieces.
The document discusses the use of CAD (computer-aided design) software in the garment industry. It describes how CAD is used to design patterns and textile prints, simulate designs, and improve productivity. CAD connects to CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) to automate processes like cutting, spreading, and grading patterns in multiple sizes. The integration of CAD and related software has streamlined garment production and reduced costs by increasing efficiency.
Quality Control in Garment ManufacturingAbhishek Raj
ย
This document provides an overview of quality controls in garment manufacturing and supervisor training. It discusses the importance of ongoing training to develop employee skills. It outlines a five-step process for success: decision, commitment, planning, preparation, and execution. Key areas of focus for supervisors include production, absenteeism, methods, planning, quality, and costs. Supervisors require technical, human resource, management, and cost control skills. Technical skills training covers specifications, methods, and systems. Human resource skills include training, hiring, motivation, and communications. Management skills involve planning, organizing, coordinating, and quality control responsibilities. Cost control relies on work standards, material utilization, and labor productivity. The document emphasizes developing the right
Application of computer in textile manufacturingMd Nurunnabi
ย
This document provides information about a course titled "Application of Computer in Textile Manufacturing (ACTM)". The objectives of the course are to learn about various software used in the textile manufacturing industry, including USTER BALE MANAGER, Fabric CAD for weaving and knitting, database management systems, spectrophotometers, and garment CAD software like Lectra Modaris and Diamino. Key outcomes include analyzing yarn data using USTER BALE MANAGER, understanding weaving and knitting CAD modules, formulating dye recipes using spectrophotometers, and developing garment patterns and markers using garment CAD software.
This document provides information about different cutting methods and knives used in fabric cutting. It introduces various fully manual and computerized cutting methods, including straight knives, round knives, band knives, die cutting, notchers, drills, laser cutting, water jet cutting, and plasma torch cutting. For each method, it describes the features, working principles, advantages, and disadvantages. The document is presented by a group of students and contains their names and student IDs.
The document provides information to calculate the costs for cutting a ladies popover tunic, including fabric consumption, labor costs, and total costs. It details the order specifications, marker and spreading plans for two fabrics, calculates ply and marker lengths, and determines the total time and labor cost needed. The total fabric consumption was calculated as 25,349.99 meters for navy fabric at Rs. 100/meter and 7800 meters for coral fabric at Rs. 120/meter, for a total fabric cost of Rs. 34,70,999. The total time was estimated as 106.46 hours at a labor cost of Rs. 30/hour, amounting to Rs. 3193.8 for labor. The concluding total cost for
(Over Dyeing) to dye for a second or third time with a different color. Over dyeing is such a rewarding way of rescuing an ugly or unsatisfactory colored cloth. It gives uneven look. sometimes over dyeing doesnโt mean all-time dyeing the garment which is previously dyed. Over dyeing may be normal dyeing or piece dyeing process.
The document discusses cutting in the garments industry. It covers the cutting process, requirements for accurate cutting, different cutting methods including manual and computerized, and various cutting machines used such as straight knife cutters, round knife cutters, and band knife cutters. It also discusses quality control processes for the cutting section to ensure accurate cutting of garment pieces.
Mazadul Hasan prepared this document about marker making in the textile industry. A marker contains pattern pieces for different sizes of garments and provides instructions for cutting. Factors that affect marker efficiency include the marker planner's skills, pattern engineering, size variety, marker length, fabric characteristics, and the marker making method. Higher marker efficiency reduces fabric wastage and increases profits. The document concludes with information about Mazadul's visit to a garments factory in Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Feeder stripe, Engineering stripe and Auto stripe mechanismAzmir Latif Beg
ย
Auto stripe machine give stable structure with auto-stripper device, which could get various colors. Auto stripe & Engineering is commonly mark in use that does not goes with their definition. Today I will discuss regarding knit stripe patter.
Textile testing is an important part of the textile production process. It involves determining various properties of fibers, yarns, and fabrics to ensure quality standards are met. The objectives of textile testing include selecting raw materials, controlling manufacturing processes, ensuring quality of finished products, and facilitating research and product development. There are different types of textile testing for fibers, yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. Test methods are established by various standards organizations and influence factors like sampling methods, atmospheric conditions, equipment used, and technician skill.
This document provides information about Montex Fabrics Ltd, a 100% export oriented composite knit industry in Bangladesh. Some key details:
- The factory was established in 2000 in Gazipur with an investment of 70 crore taka and has certifications including ISO 9001:2000.
- It produces basic t-shirts, sweaters, and other knitwear and garments for export with a production capacity of 7 tons/day for knitting and 70,000 pieces/day for sewing.
- The factory has over 6000 employees across its knitting, dyeing, finishing, printing and other sections. It aims to provide quality products on time to satisfy customers.
The document discusses the cutting department process in the apparel industry. It involves cutting pattern pieces from fabrics according to a marker and issue plan. Cutting is the decisive first stage that must be done accurately as mistakes are difficult to rectify. Processes include marker making, fabric spreading, cutting, numbering, checking, sorting, and bundling. Inspections ensure proper marker placement, shading, table marks, and tension. Factors like fabric type and thickness, design, and tools used affect the cutting method which can be manual, powered knife, or computerized.
Computer application in different sectors of textile technology
Research and development of materials and textile process
Computer-aided textile production and process control
Production planning
Process controlย
Quality control
Inventory control
Analysis of engineering dataย
Solution of engineering problems
Textile machine manufacturing
Automation of textile machines, equipment's and processes
Scope of Computer Based Technology for Textile Application:
Generally, there are three terms that are frequently used:
CAD (Computer-Aided Design)
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing)
CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)
Somemore is there like,
4.CAT (Computer-Aided Testing)
5.CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering
The document discusses a straight knife cutting machine commonly used in garment factories in Bangladesh. It has a motorized blade that cuts fabric according to patterns. The main parts are the base plate, pressure foot, motor stand, sharp belt, pinion shaft, lever, and knife. It can cut a high depth of fabric in a single pass. Proper maintenance, including lubrication and inspection, is important to ensure the long and safe working of the machine. Potential issues include risks of damage from the high-speed blade and motor weight causing knife deflection.
This document discusses fabric spreading and cutting machines used in the garment manufacturing process. It describes the marker and marker planning process used to optimize fabric utilization. It then explains different types of fabric spreading including manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic methods. Key equipment for spreading such as tables, fabric loaders, and weights are identified. Finally, the document outlines various cutting machines from manual scissors to semi-automatic and fully-automatic computerized cutting machines. Precautions for each stage of spreading and cutting are also provided.
The document discusses various garment finishing processes and equipment. It describes spotting processes that use hazardous chemicals and safer alternatives. It also covers folding, packing, hanging, pressing and finishing of different garments using specialized machines like shirt folders, steam irons, and finishers tailored for different garment types. Safety features of folding equipment like jam prevention systems are highlighted.
The finishing department is the last section in theย garment productionย prior to packing and dispatch and it plays a significant role in the final garment appearance.
The document discusses marker making for garment production. It describes both manual and computerized methods of marker making. In the manual method, an efficient marker maker plans the placement of pattern pieces on marker paper to minimize fabric waste. The computerized method involves entering production patterns into a computer which then assists in arranging the patterns to maximize efficiency. The document outlines key steps and considerations in both methods to optimize marker efficiency and reduce fabric waste.
This document analyzes the stitches and seams used in a men's t-shirt. It identifies the garment parts and provides details on the brand, size, fabric, and needle used. For each garment part, including the collar, placket, label, sleeves, hem, and side seams, it lists the stitch type and sewing machine used, as well as an alternative option. In total, it examines the construction of the t-shirt and the specific stitches for attaching each component.
The document discusses various aspects of fabric spreading including types of spreads, spreading methods, quality considerations, and equipment used. It describes manual spreading using two people versus semi-automatic spreading carriages. Automatic spreaders can load fabric rolls, control tension, and cut fabric ends automatically. Quality depends on defects, tension, flatness, ply alignment, and static electricity. Setup involves preparing orders, tables, and machines. Spreading surfaces include pin tables, vacuum tables, and air flotation tables. Control devices manage tension while positioning devices monitor alignment. End treatment devices catch or cut fabric at the ends.
The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
Fabrics finishing machine's working procedureMizan Rahman
ย
The document discusses various finishing processes and machines for knit fabrics. It describes slitting machines, which cut tubular knit fabrics into an open width, and squeezer machines, which remove excess water and control fabric width. It provides details on the purpose and functioning of key parts of these machines, as well as standard operating procedures and parameters to check for quality control. The document also outlines responsibilities for finishing department heads.
1. The document discusses different types of knitted fabrics and their properties. It describes the processes of weaving, knitting, and fully fashioning.
2. Key knitted structures discussed include plain/single jersey, rib, and double jersey. Their properties like appearance, edge curling, dimensional stability, and end uses are compared.
3. The full production process of fully fashioned knitwear from yarn receipt to final packaging is outlined. Common yarns, stitches, and designs used in knitwear are also listed.
Garment manufacturing is an assembly- oriented activity with a great range of raw materials, product types, production volumes, supply chains, retail markets and associated technologies.
Companies range from small family business to multinationals.
The clothing industry is labour intensive industry.
CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) systems are used for designing products and controlling manufacturing processes. CAD is used in industries like automotive, shipbuilding, aerospace, industrial/architectural design, and prosthetics. It allows designers to create 2D and 3D models that can be viewed from any angle. CAD is used throughout the product development process. There are different types of CAD systems that require different ways of designing virtual components. CAD software is also used for textiles and apparel, such as pattern-making and generating fabric layouts.
This document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM/CIM. It defines CAD as using computers to assist in the design process. CAM is defined as using computers to plan, manage and control manufacturing operations. CIM attempts complete automation of all manufacturing processes under computer control by integrating CAD, CAM, and other business aspects. The document discusses various design and manufacturing disciplines. It explains the need for CAD/CAM/CIM is to increase productivity, improve quality and communication, create databases, optimize tool paths, and help with production scheduling. The scope of CAD/CAM/CIM allows for more effective design, manufacturing, and factory integration.
Mazadul Hasan prepared this document about marker making in the textile industry. A marker contains pattern pieces for different sizes of garments and provides instructions for cutting. Factors that affect marker efficiency include the marker planner's skills, pattern engineering, size variety, marker length, fabric characteristics, and the marker making method. Higher marker efficiency reduces fabric wastage and increases profits. The document concludes with information about Mazadul's visit to a garments factory in Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Feeder stripe, Engineering stripe and Auto stripe mechanismAzmir Latif Beg
ย
Auto stripe machine give stable structure with auto-stripper device, which could get various colors. Auto stripe & Engineering is commonly mark in use that does not goes with their definition. Today I will discuss regarding knit stripe patter.
Textile testing is an important part of the textile production process. It involves determining various properties of fibers, yarns, and fabrics to ensure quality standards are met. The objectives of textile testing include selecting raw materials, controlling manufacturing processes, ensuring quality of finished products, and facilitating research and product development. There are different types of textile testing for fibers, yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. Test methods are established by various standards organizations and influence factors like sampling methods, atmospheric conditions, equipment used, and technician skill.
This document provides information about Montex Fabrics Ltd, a 100% export oriented composite knit industry in Bangladesh. Some key details:
- The factory was established in 2000 in Gazipur with an investment of 70 crore taka and has certifications including ISO 9001:2000.
- It produces basic t-shirts, sweaters, and other knitwear and garments for export with a production capacity of 7 tons/day for knitting and 70,000 pieces/day for sewing.
- The factory has over 6000 employees across its knitting, dyeing, finishing, printing and other sections. It aims to provide quality products on time to satisfy customers.
The document discusses the cutting department process in the apparel industry. It involves cutting pattern pieces from fabrics according to a marker and issue plan. Cutting is the decisive first stage that must be done accurately as mistakes are difficult to rectify. Processes include marker making, fabric spreading, cutting, numbering, checking, sorting, and bundling. Inspections ensure proper marker placement, shading, table marks, and tension. Factors like fabric type and thickness, design, and tools used affect the cutting method which can be manual, powered knife, or computerized.
Computer application in different sectors of textile technology
Research and development of materials and textile process
Computer-aided textile production and process control
Production planning
Process controlย
Quality control
Inventory control
Analysis of engineering dataย
Solution of engineering problems
Textile machine manufacturing
Automation of textile machines, equipment's and processes
Scope of Computer Based Technology for Textile Application:
Generally, there are three terms that are frequently used:
CAD (Computer-Aided Design)
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing)
CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)
Somemore is there like,
4.CAT (Computer-Aided Testing)
5.CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering
The document discusses a straight knife cutting machine commonly used in garment factories in Bangladesh. It has a motorized blade that cuts fabric according to patterns. The main parts are the base plate, pressure foot, motor stand, sharp belt, pinion shaft, lever, and knife. It can cut a high depth of fabric in a single pass. Proper maintenance, including lubrication and inspection, is important to ensure the long and safe working of the machine. Potential issues include risks of damage from the high-speed blade and motor weight causing knife deflection.
This document discusses fabric spreading and cutting machines used in the garment manufacturing process. It describes the marker and marker planning process used to optimize fabric utilization. It then explains different types of fabric spreading including manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic methods. Key equipment for spreading such as tables, fabric loaders, and weights are identified. Finally, the document outlines various cutting machines from manual scissors to semi-automatic and fully-automatic computerized cutting machines. Precautions for each stage of spreading and cutting are also provided.
The document discusses various garment finishing processes and equipment. It describes spotting processes that use hazardous chemicals and safer alternatives. It also covers folding, packing, hanging, pressing and finishing of different garments using specialized machines like shirt folders, steam irons, and finishers tailored for different garment types. Safety features of folding equipment like jam prevention systems are highlighted.
The finishing department is the last section in theย garment productionย prior to packing and dispatch and it plays a significant role in the final garment appearance.
The document discusses marker making for garment production. It describes both manual and computerized methods of marker making. In the manual method, an efficient marker maker plans the placement of pattern pieces on marker paper to minimize fabric waste. The computerized method involves entering production patterns into a computer which then assists in arranging the patterns to maximize efficiency. The document outlines key steps and considerations in both methods to optimize marker efficiency and reduce fabric waste.
This document analyzes the stitches and seams used in a men's t-shirt. It identifies the garment parts and provides details on the brand, size, fabric, and needle used. For each garment part, including the collar, placket, label, sleeves, hem, and side seams, it lists the stitch type and sewing machine used, as well as an alternative option. In total, it examines the construction of the t-shirt and the specific stitches for attaching each component.
The document discusses various aspects of fabric spreading including types of spreads, spreading methods, quality considerations, and equipment used. It describes manual spreading using two people versus semi-automatic spreading carriages. Automatic spreaders can load fabric rolls, control tension, and cut fabric ends automatically. Quality depends on defects, tension, flatness, ply alignment, and static electricity. Setup involves preparing orders, tables, and machines. Spreading surfaces include pin tables, vacuum tables, and air flotation tables. Control devices manage tension while positioning devices monitor alignment. End treatment devices catch or cut fabric at the ends.
The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
Fabrics finishing machine's working procedureMizan Rahman
ย
The document discusses various finishing processes and machines for knit fabrics. It describes slitting machines, which cut tubular knit fabrics into an open width, and squeezer machines, which remove excess water and control fabric width. It provides details on the purpose and functioning of key parts of these machines, as well as standard operating procedures and parameters to check for quality control. The document also outlines responsibilities for finishing department heads.
1. The document discusses different types of knitted fabrics and their properties. It describes the processes of weaving, knitting, and fully fashioning.
2. Key knitted structures discussed include plain/single jersey, rib, and double jersey. Their properties like appearance, edge curling, dimensional stability, and end uses are compared.
3. The full production process of fully fashioned knitwear from yarn receipt to final packaging is outlined. Common yarns, stitches, and designs used in knitwear are also listed.
Garment manufacturing is an assembly- oriented activity with a great range of raw materials, product types, production volumes, supply chains, retail markets and associated technologies.
Companies range from small family business to multinationals.
The clothing industry is labour intensive industry.
CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) systems are used for designing products and controlling manufacturing processes. CAD is used in industries like automotive, shipbuilding, aerospace, industrial/architectural design, and prosthetics. It allows designers to create 2D and 3D models that can be viewed from any angle. CAD is used throughout the product development process. There are different types of CAD systems that require different ways of designing virtual components. CAD software is also used for textiles and apparel, such as pattern-making and generating fabric layouts.
This document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM/CIM. It defines CAD as using computers to assist in the design process. CAM is defined as using computers to plan, manage and control manufacturing operations. CIM attempts complete automation of all manufacturing processes under computer control by integrating CAD, CAM, and other business aspects. The document discusses various design and manufacturing disciplines. It explains the need for CAD/CAM/CIM is to increase productivity, improve quality and communication, create databases, optimize tool paths, and help with production scheduling. The scope of CAD/CAM/CIM allows for more effective design, manufacturing, and factory integration.
Puff print is a common print in Fashion Industry. Some time we can call it Emboss Print or foam print . It is almost similar to the rubber print we can make this print in any color. Mainly buyer asked this print on Knitted T-Shirt.
The document discusses pigment printing, which is a type of textile printing where insoluble pigments are fixed to fabric using a binder. Pigment printing pastes contain thickening agents, binders, and other auxiliaries. It is the most economical printing process as it does not require washing after printing. Screen printing and roller printing are common methods used to apply pigment pastes to fabric in defined patterns.
Thrupti Designers is a renowned garment printing company located in Bangalore, India that was established in 2004. It has the capacity to produce 30,000 pieces per day using single color printing. The company works with several major apparel brands and exporters. It is equipped with various machinery for screen printing, including 12 pallet printing machines of various colors. The company offers different types of prints using various techniques like plastisol, pigment, discharge, and organic prints. It analyzes the costs and minimum order quantities associated with each type of print. The company also describes potential printing defects and their causes.
Cad cam and cad-cim in restorative dentistrydrnids_modern
ย
This document provides an overview of CAD-CAM and CAD-CIM technologies in restorative dentistry. It discusses the history of CAD-CAM from its introduction in the 1980s to recent advancements. The CAD-CAM process involves scanning a prepared tooth or model, using computer software to design a restoration, and milling or machining the restoration from materials like ceramics or metals. Common commercial CAD-CAM systems are described, along with the types of restorations they can produce and materials used like zirconia, alumina, and feldspathic ceramics. Advantages of CAD-CAM include precision, efficiency and ability to produce a variety of restorations in a single dental appointment or through
The document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM (computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing). It discusses the need for CAD/CAM due to factors like global competition, demand for new products with enhanced features, and short product life cycles. It also describes developments in computers that have enabled the growth of CAD/CAM technologies. CAD is defined as using computers to assist in the design process, while CAM uses computers to plan and control manufacturing operations. The document outlines the benefits of CAD/CAM including improved productivity, quality, communication and databases of standardized parts.
This document provides information about MD Monjurul Alam, a textile design student. It discusses the basic processes of textile designing, including making sketches and using computer-aided design software. Finally, it lists and briefly describes various CAD software used for developing different types of textile designs and weaves, and how CAD is used in the textile design process.
The document discusses various types and styles of printing fabrics. It describes three main approaches to printing color on fabric: direct printing, discharge printing, and resist printing. It then provides details on different printing techniques like block printing, roller printing, screen printing, and others; explaining their process, advantages, and disadvantages. The document also covers various pattern styles used in printing like stripes, checks, dots, geometrical prints, and others.
Computer-aided design (CAD) involves using computer technology to aid in the design process. CAD allows designers to visualize designs digitally in 3D and test variations without needing to produce physical prototypes. It has applications in fields like architecture, engineering, fashion design, and more. CAD originated in the 1960s and was initially used by large automotive and aerospace companies who could afford early computers. As computers became more affordable, CAD software spread to other industries. For fashion design, CAD enables viewing virtual models in different colors and shapes, saving time over iterative physical prototypes.
This document provides an overview of CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing). It discusses the history of CAD-CAM from its origins in the 1950s to its development and integration in later decades. The document defines CAD as using computers to aid the product design process, while CAM refers to using computers in manufacturing planning and control. It then covers the technologies behind CAD-CAM, its advantages like increased productivity and ability to alter designs with minimal effort, and limitations such as requiring expensive software and specialized skills. The document also lists several industries that utilize CAD-CAM and popular CAD-CAM software programs before concluding with thoughts on future developments in the field.
U 8 application of information technology and cad in garment industrykibrom G
ย
Here are the steps to simplify the given equation:
1) Group like terms:
Merry = X - Mas
2) Factorize the right hand side:
Merry = (X - Mas)
3) Simplify:
No further simplification is possible.
The simplified equation is:
Merry = (X - Mas)
In the garment industry, the use of computer-aided design (CAD) has revolutionized the way clothes are designed and manufactured. CAD software allows designers and manufacturers to create and edit digital designs, which can be translated into physical garments. This essay will explore the role of CAD in the garment industry, its benefits, and its impact on the industry.
CAD software is used in various stages of the garment production process, from design to production. In the design stage, CAD software allows designers to create digital sketches and make changes to the designs quickly. This eliminates the need for physical prototypes, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The software also allows designers to experiment with different fabrics, colors, and textures, giving them greater flexibility in the design process.
Once the design is finalized, CAD software can be used to create patterns and markers. Patterns are templates used to cut fabric to the correct size and shape, while markers are layouts of the patterns on a large piece of fabric, maximizing the use of the material. CAD software allows patterns and markers to be created quickly and accurately, reducing the likelihood of errors and minimizing waste.
CAD software also plays a crucial role in the production process. Once the patterns and markers are created, they can be sent to computer-controlled cutting machines, which can cut the fabric quickly and accurately. This not only saves time but also ensures consistency in the cutting process, resulting in garments that fit correctly.
The benefits of using CAD software in the garment industry are numerous. First and foremost, it reduces the time and cost involved in the design and production process. Digital designs can be created and modified quickly and easily, and patterns and markers can be created with greater accuracy, reducing the need for physical prototypes and minimizing waste. This can lead to lower production costs and faster turnaround times, enabling companies to bring new products to market more quickly.
CAD software also allows for greater creativity and flexibility in the design process. Designers can experiment with different fabrics, colors, and textures, without the need for physical prototypes. This allows for more innovative and unique designs, which can set companies apart in a crowded market.
Another benefit of using CAD software is that it allows for greater customization. With digital designs, it is possible to create garments that are tailored to individual customers' preferences, without the need for extensive manual work. This can lead to a more personalized customer experience, which can increase customer loyalty and satisfaction.
The document summarizes several computer simulation and design software tools used for textile product development. It discusses simulation software that can model textile patterns, colors, and properties without creating physical prototypes. It also describes CAD/CAM programs for tasks like weaving design, digital printing, 3D draping, fabric behavior simulation, and virtual prototyping. The goal of these tools is to speed up the product development process and reduce costs associated with physical sampling.
Computer technology plays an important role throughout the apparel manufacturing process. It is used for design and pattern making through CAD software like Lectra and Optitex. 3D prototyping allows for virtual sampling to get buyer feedback faster. CAM systems control cutting and spreading machines. CIM integrates information between production, sampling, accounting and other departments. Overall, computerization reduces time and errors, improves quality, and increases flexibility, innovation and information sharing across the industry.
Application area of Computer Technology in Apparel Manufacturing Aiasha Siddiqua
ย
This document discusses the application of computers in apparel manufacturing. It covers:
1. Major applications of computers in the textile industry including research and development, production planning, quality control, and more.
2. The purposes of applying computers in textiles which are to understand computer systems in textile processing, learn programming and software tools, and apply computer knowledge to textile processes.
3. The scope of computer-based technology for textile applications includes CAD for design, CAM for manufacturing, CIM for integrated manufacturing, CAE for engineering, and CAT for testing. E-textiles that integrate electronics into fabrics are also discussed.
This document introduces computer applications in the garments industry. It discusses how computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems are used at various stages of the design and production process. Specifically, it describes how CAD is used for pattern making, grading, marker making, and cutting. It also discusses other technologies like 3D draping software, knitting design systems, and computerized body scanning. Overall, the document shows how computer systems have helped automate and improve efficiency in the garments industry.
The document discusses various documents and approvals involved in the apparel merchandising process. It describes tech packs, specification sheets, fabric consumption calculations, thread consumption calculations, proto samples, and color approvals. The key steps are analyzing tech files to prepare costing sheets, negotiating prices with buyers, getting approvals on materials, proto samples, and colors before bulk production. Virtual prototyping is also mentioned as an emerging technique to communicate designs digitally.
The document discusses various documents and approvals involved in the apparel merchandising process. It describes tech packs, specification sheets, fabric consumption calculations, thread consumption calculations, proto samples, and color approvals. The key steps are analyzing tech files to prepare costing sheets, getting buyer approval on samples, fabrics and colors before bulk production through lab dips and proto samples. This ensures manufacturers and buyers are aligned on design details before large scale production.
This document summarizes a scientific conference paper on industrially custom-made clothing. The paper discusses how 3D body scanning, 3D CAD systems, virtual try-on, and smart cards can enable made-to-measure garment manufacturing and online apparel shopping. It describes how 3D scanning can provide individualized electronic mannequins linked to clothing CAD/CAM systems to produce custom clothing. The impact is expected to benefit all segments of the clothing industry by supporting size standardization and using innovative visualization technologies to increase online customer confidence in clothing purchases.
The document is an industry visit report submitted by Syed Zulker Nine Ratul to their course teacher, Mahbuba Sultana Mukta. It details a visit to the Santa Industries Limited factory in Bangladesh. The report provides overviews of the various sections and processes at the factory, including the storehouse, fabric inspection, cutting, sample making, CAD room, production floor, quality checks, ironing, packing, and finished goods storage. It concludes that the visit provided valuable insights into the apparel industry and operations of a fashion company.
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) uses computer-controlled machine tools and software to automate the manufacturing process. CAM works with computer-aided design (CAD) software to allow computer designs to be directly used by CNC machines rather than requiring manual programming. CAM software translates CAD designs into instructions that drive automated tools and machines, allowing mass production of identical parts with reduced time and labor compared to traditional manufacturing methods. Popular CAM tools include CNC machines, routers, water cutters, and milling machines used across industries like aerospace, automotive, and medical technology.
The document discusses several recent developments in apparel engineering technology, including 3D printing clothing, interactive fabrics, and smart textiles. It describes new machines that increase automation and efficiency, such as automatic cutting and spreading machines. It also covers advances in CAD/CAM software, digital pattern making, virtual design, and networked sewing production management systems that connect machinery. The latest technologies aim to speed up production, reduce costs, and enable new design and manufacturing capabilities in the apparel industry.
The document discusses several types of software used for textile and fabric simulation and design. It describes programs for simulating weaving patterns and colors, developing technical textiles, simulating knitting at the yarn level for computer graphics, and optimizing setup of textile production machinery. It also mentions software for jacquard weaving design, dobby loom planning, knitting simulation, yarn scheduling simulation, and braiding machine configuration. The software aims to reduce costs and improve efficiency in textile design and manufacturing.
This document discusses CAD CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) systems in the textile industry. It begins with an introduction to textile design and manufacturing processes. It then outlines some CAD software used for tasks like marker making and pattern design. CAD CAM modules are used in textile machinery for applications like automatic fabric spreading machines. The cutting room process is also detailed. Key advantages of CAD CAM systems in textiles include reduced lead times and increased productivity through faster spreading speeds. Wastage is also reduced through the use of mathematical algorithms in CAD systems.
REACH Technologies Customer Solution Case studyNeha Shankaran
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Vigosa Exports, a clothing manufacturer in India, wanted to increase efficiency and reduce waste. By implementing REACH CAD software for pattern design and grading and REACH Cut Planner to optimize fabric layout, Vigosa has seen major benefits. Pattern resizing is now 625% faster with almost no errors, and fabric yields have increased by up to 2% through optimized cutting. Overall, fabric consumption has been reduced by as much as 5% per order, improving Vigosa's profitability.
The document discusses recent developments in computerized and automated systems for garment manufacturing. It describes technologies like CAD for design, 3D body scanning, automated spreading machines, laser cutting, unit production systems for transporting garments through the manufacturing process, and automatic finishing machines. The key benefits of these computerized systems compared to manual processes are improved quality, higher efficiency and productivity, and reduced time needed for production.
The document discusses the increasing computerization and automation of weaving machines. Modern weaving machines use integrated microprocessors to monitor, control, and optimize functions like warp let-off, cloth take-up, and color selection. Touch screens serve as the interface between operators and the machine. Programming and archiving systems allow weaving data and machine settings to be programmed off-site and transferred to machines, shortening resetting times. Computer-aided design and manufacturing systems enable virtual simulation of fabrics and transmission of designs directly to machines.
The document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) technology. It defines CAD as using computers to assist in product design through creation, modification, analysis and optimization. CAM is defined as using computers to plan, manage and control manufacturing operations through direct or indirect interfaces with equipment. The document outlines some of the key benefits of CAD/CAM technology including reduced costs from design changes, improved product optimization, and simulation of manufacturing processes.
This document discusses standardizing cutting methods in the garment industry. It focuses on maintaining feature line matching when cutting checked shirts, which is important for parts like pockets and sleeves. Currently, fabric rolls vary in their check/stripe repeats, making consistent feature line matching challenging. The study proposes grouping rolls by repeat size during CAD and cutting to address this issue. Specifically, it involves measuring repeats from each roll and clubbing rolls with repeats within 3mm. This allows CAD to create markers and cut plans based on average repeats within each group, improving feature line matching and increasing ready cut percentages. Implementation results show checks ready cut increased from 69% to 82%, improving production outputs.
This document discusses automation in garment manufacturing. It notes that while manual labor was traditionally used and cost-effective, increasing demands for quality, speed, and efficiency have made automation more viable. Automation can take several forms, including robotic handling devices, automated cutting tables, and advanced production planning and scheduling software. The document examines reasons for adopting automation, such as increasing productivity and reducing labor costs. It also discusses situations where manual labor may still be preferable, such as for customized products. Overall, the document analyzes how automation is becoming increasingly important in the apparel industry to enable lower costs, higher quality, and faster response to changing market demands.
This document discusses sources of grievances in the workplace. It defines grievance as a work-related complaint brought to management's attention. The main sources of grievances discussed are wages, promotion, transferring, and overtime. Wages can cause grievances if the monetary compensation is unsatisfactory. Promotion grievances may arise if an employee feels they were unfairly passed over for advancement. Transferring grievances can occur if an employee objects to being moved laterally within an organization. Overtime grievances are possible if the additional hours worked beyond normal schedules are unsatisfactory.
Agrotextiles are textiles manufactured for agricultural applications such as agriculture, horticulture, and animal husbandry. They are used to control the environment for plants and animals. Recent developments in agrotextiles include polymer fibre balls as a soil substitute, screening fabrics for sunlight management, knitted net hoses for water transportation, superabsorbent polymer fibre mats for water management, and composites of hemp or polypropylene for reducing soil pollutants. For agrotextile products to be effective, they require properties such as resistance to solar radiation, weather, ultraviolet radiation, the ability to retain water, biodegradability, light weight, and resistance to microorganisms.
3D weaving involves yarns crossing at various angles between layers to form a 3D mesh structure, unlike standard 2D weaving where yarns alternate passing above and below each other to form a single layer. 3D weaving can be done on single or multi-shed machines, with multi-shed machines allowing for higher production rates and different materials in different layers. Applications of 3D woven fabrics include use in aerospace, filtration, medical, sports, and protection industries due to properties like thickness, strength and permeability.
The document discusses various types of take-up, let-off, and stop motions used in weaving looms. It describes the objectives and classifications of take-up and let-off motions. For take-up motions, it provides details on negative take-up, five-wheel take-up, seven-wheel take-up, and Shirley take-up motions. For let-off motions, it discusses negative and positive let-off systems. It also explains warp protecting, warp stop, and weft stop motions that are used to stop the loom in case of issues like shuttle trapping or yarn breaks.
Scouring is the process of removing natural and added impurities from textiles using alkali solutions. It makes fabrics hydrophilic and clean. There are two main scouring methods - discontinuous kier boiling and continuous j-box scouring. Kier boiling involves loading fabric into a heated vessel and spraying alkali solution onto it over several hours. J-box scouring passes fabric continuously through an impregnation box, preheater and j-box where it is stored in alkali solution. The main objectives of scouring are to remove oils, waxes and other impurities, increase absorbency and prepare fabrics for downstream processing.
Standards have the purpose of setting out agreed principles or criteria to harmonize processes. Different industries have differing needs for standardization. There are various types of ISO certifications that certification bodies in the UAE can offer depending on the industry, including standards for quality management systems, environmental management systems, occupational health and safety management, information security management, and food safety management. Obtaining ISO certification can significantly increase a professional's worth in the job market. Exsolution Consultancy, located in Sharjah, UAE, offers ISO certification services.
The jacquard is a shedding device attached to looms that controls individual warp threads to produce complex designs without heddles. It can create any shape and control up to 1800 threads at once, making it suitable for intricate patterns. The jacquard is the most complex and costly mechanism compared to dobbies and tappets, which control threads collectively and produce simpler designs. Key differences include how many threads are controlled, placement on or below the loom, and types of designs produced.
Fleece fabric is one of the oldest knitted fabric designs that remains popular today. It has properties of being warm, cozy, easy to care for, washable, and can be produced at low cost using circular knitting machines. There are several types of fleece fabrics defined by the number of yarn threads used (one, two, or three thread) or the material (cotton, polyester, blends). Fleece fabrics are characterized by loops of yarn on the surface that provide insulation properties. They have many uses including outerwear, linings, and blankets.
This document provides information about the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI). It discusses that BSTI was established in 1985 by the government to set standards for products and services in Bangladesh. It oversees eight technical committees to develop standards in areas like agriculture, food, chemicals, engineering etc. BSTI's key functions include standardizing products and services, ensuring quality control, implementing metrology services, and issuing certifications once products meet national standards. Obtaining BSTI certification requires manufacturers to follow an eight step process. The importance of BSTI is increasing as it helps ensure quality products for both domestic and international markets.
The document discusses water jet looms, which use jets of water to insert weft threads through the warp. It provides a brief history, explaining they were developed in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and refined in Japan in the 1960s. It then describes the basic mechanisms of water jet looms, including the pick insertion process where pressurized water propels the weft thread across the shed. Merits include high speeds, energy efficiency, and minimal warp damage compared to other loom types. However, water jet looms are best for hydrophobic fibers and cannot produce heavy fabrics or those as wide as other looms.
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The document discusses various types of knitting and weaving processes. It begins by describing the warping, sizing, drawing in, and tie in processes involved in weaving. It then defines types of knitting such as warp knitting, weft knitting, jersey knits, rib knits, flat knitting, circular knitting and their uses. The document also compares properties of knit versus woven fabrics and provides terminology used in knitting.
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Jotish Chandra Roy prepared this document as part of an intake for a Fabric Manufacturing Technology program at Bangladesh University of Business and Technology's Department of Textile Engineering. The document provides his contact information, including his ID number, program details, and email address.
This document discusses the materials used in medical textiles. It describes that medical textiles can be made from monofilament and multifilament yarns, woven, knitted, or nonwoven fabrics and composite structures. Common materials include cotton, viscose and wood pulp which are used for their super absorption properties. Medical textiles are used to create barrier materials, bandages, wound care materials, hygiene materials, implantable materials like sutures and joints, and extracorporeal devices like artificial organs. They can also be used to measure various medical parameters and create products like bandages, sutures, vascular grafts, casts, antimicrobial fabrics, and materials for tissue regeneration and artificial organs.
This document provides information about waterproof and airproof garments represented by Md. Shahjahan Badsha, a student at Bangladesh University of Business and Technology with ID 12132107050 who is in the 8th intake.
This document provides an overview of the effluent treatment process at Delta Knit Composite Ltd. It describes the various stages of ETP including screening, equalization, pH correction, aeration, sedimentation, sludge thickening, and effluent discharge. The key stages involve using bacteria to biologically treat 120 m3/hr of wastewater over 8 hours in an aeration tank, sedimentation to separate solids from treated water, and sludge thickening before partial recycled is returned to the aeration tank and the remainder is discharged. The multi-stage biological and physical separation process aims to treat industrial wastewater before discharge.
This document defines flame resistant fabrics and discusses their production and properties. It defines flame resistance as preventing or inhibiting combustion when exposed to an ignition source. Flame resistant fabrics use flame retardant chemicals in the fibers or finishes to react with heat and extinguish flames. They are produced using inherently flame resistant fibers, manufactured fibers with added chemicals, or finishes applied to materials like cotton. While providing safety benefits, flame resistant fabrics are typically less comfortable, more expensive, and require extra care than other fabrics.
Carbon fiber is a form of graphite made from polymers like polyacrylonitrile. It is manufactured through a process of spinning, stretching, stabilization, carbonization, and graphitization. Carbon fiber is very strong for its weight and is often stronger than steel but much lighter. It has various applications in industries like aerospace, automobiles, ships, textiles, and medical equipment due to its high strength to weight ratio.
Geotextiles are permeable fabrics that can separate, filter, reinforce, protect or drain soil when used in association with it. They are typically made from polypropylene or polyester and come in woven, needle punched or heat bonded forms. Geotextiles have a variety of uses in civil engineering projects like roads, embankments, and retaining walls where they help with drainage, separation of dissimilar materials, and reinforcement of soil. Proper understanding of geotextile properties and applications can help engineers solve many geotechnical problems economically.
Carbon fiber is a form of graphite made from pure carbon atoms arranged in sheets of hexagonal rings. It is made by heating rayon or polyacrylonitrile fiber to high temperatures. Carbon fiber is classified based on its properties, precursor materials, and heat treatment temperature. It has high strength and stiffness but low density, making it useful for applications in aerospace, transportation, machinery, and more due to its light weight and durability.
The document discusses GORE-TEX fabric, describing it as a waterproof, breathable, and windproof membrane laminated between textile layers. GORE-TEX fabrics have amazing characteristics like allowing perspiration to escape while keeping the wearer dry. Products made with GORE-TEX technology are used for protective rainwear and other applications like medical implants and filters due to the material's breathability and waterproof properties.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
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(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง 2)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐ฎ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ง๐๐ญ:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
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It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง 3)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
Lesson Outcomes:
- students will be able to identify and name various types of ornamental plants commonly used in landscaping and decoration, classifying them based on their characteristics such as foliage, flowering, and growth habits. They will understand the ecological, aesthetic, and economic benefits of ornamental plants, including their roles in improving air quality, providing habitats for wildlife, and enhancing the visual appeal of environments. Additionally, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic requirements for growing ornamental plants, ensuring they can effectively cultivate and maintain these plants in various settings.
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Cad systems in textile.(BUBT)
1. Bangladesh University of Business & Technology (BUBT)
Course Code: TXE-317
An Assignment on CAD Systems in textile.
Submitted by
Name: Anik Kumar Das
ID.: 12132107053
Intake: 8th
Section: 2
2. CAD Systems for Apparel Industry
Computer Aided Design (CAD) becomes an essential tool for pattern
makingand related jobs in garment industry. In apparel industry CAD
Software is used for pattern making,Grading of pattern, marker making
and digitizingmanual patterns.
There are number of CAD software suppliers who have developed CAD
systems. But only few names are popular in fashion industry.
CAD systems in the apparel industry:
๏ท AccuMark Pattern Design Software by Gerber Technology:
๏ท CAD.Assyst by Human Solution Assyst AVM
๏ท Modaris by Lectra Systems
๏ท Optitex Pattern Design software by Optitex
๏ท TUKAcad by Tukateck Inc.
๏ท Fashion Cad by Cad CamSolutions Australia Pty. Ltd
๏ท SDS-ONE APEX3 fromShima Seiki
๏ท PAD System
๏ท GT CAD by Genuine Technology and ResearchLimited.
3. Classification of 3D CAD System:
1. 3D modeling and 2D pattern unwrapping.
2. 3D simulation of 2D patterns.
3. 2D sketch-based 3D simulation.
4. Combined Techniques.
5. Reactive 2D/3D design technique.
6. Digital draping.
Advantages of CAD
This easy to operate designing system- CAD, has many advantages.
o The expense and time is reduced in a considerable manner when compared to
the laborious manual work of designing.
o Designing can be done from anywhere as the customers are able to control the
process from remote locations as well.
o The data can be easily stored, transmitted, and transported through computer
files.
o Digital swatches can be saved on floppy disks, zip disks, CD-ROM or hard drive
thus saving space. Moreover they can be easily organized for fast and easy
retrieval.
o The designs can be easily customized and personalized as corrections and
editing can be done at any time without significant delays or cost increases.
o The designers don't need to produce swatches all the time as they can now see
how a particular fabric or garment looks in different colors and shapes on
computer screen itself.
With all its benefits, care too has to be taken before going for any CAD
software. The softwares which are supported by the available hardwares should
only be purchased or the hardware should be upgraded to comply with the new
software. Training too has to be given to the people who are going to operate
the system so that maximum benefit may be taken from it. With careful
selection and trained professionals, the textile industry can enjoy the benefits
of the IT revolution right at their door.
4. Why CAD/CAM Is Necessary
Today every coming generation is more fashion conscious so there is huge demand for
new-fangled weave designs. With these conditions designers have difficulty in keeping
pace with the fast changing trends of the market. Some times they find that they are not
ready to cater the market needs. It is not easy to them to remain competitive, by merely
depending upon the traditional way of designing, because todays design becomes out of
fashion tomorrow. Hence they loose a share of market, so to keeping pace with fast
shifting trends of market computer aided designing and manufacturing is very much
required.
It is well known phenomenon that human being is always in search of opportunities
related to saving money, time and comfort. Any textile industry will think in terms of
improving the efficiency, maximum utilization of resources and improvement in services
for customers satisfaction. Search of these elements leads towards development and use
of new technologies. As the proverb says "Creativity is one percent inspiration and
ninety-nine per cent perspiration." but computers have confirm it wrong. They have
made textile designing simpler, faster, more precise and enjoyable. The designer can
create his motifs with a mouse or pen. Once the design is created, further process of
editing the design i.e. clipping of certain parts, adding new shapes, changing the shapes,
distortion, resizing, recolouration, color reduction, replicating and combining as per the
need can be done at the minimum possible time. Also, one part of design can be altered
without affecting the rest.
Manual vs CAD/CAM system in garment industry
Greater flexibility in pattern designing, grading and marking, reduction in waste %, increase
in quality of cutting room and reduction in sample making time are some of the benefits of
application of CAD/CAM system in garment manufacturing, asserts V Parthasarathi.
Textiles and computers are genetically related. It is so
because computers are believed to be from punch card
system used in jacquard weaving machine. In the
environment, where computer is a normal need for every
industry, textile industry is no exception. Textile companies
that continue to excel in today's competitive business climate
understand the importance of computers.
After more than a decade of computer revolution, some
textile corporates in India have understood the dire need of
the โIT EVOLUTIONโ. Most of the Indian industries have
not come under the influence of this evolution. The ability to
withstand the revolution in science for several decades has enabled computers to be used
very much as an effective tool in information technology and communication fields.
5. In international and domestic boom in the last few years, the fashion designing industry is
riding the crest of wave of success. Fashion designers are mushrooming, their earnings are
rising, and promotions are coming at a very faster rate. The direct employment in the fashion
sector is running into millions. Textiles are India's single largest foreign exchange earner
contributing to about one third of total export. In addition India's share in the world market
with regard to leather are significant. It is certain that job and business opportunities in the
fashion trade are likely to grow at higher rates.
CAD & CAM are a part of computer technology. Increased competitiveness and demand for
shorter lead times has lead to the slow, but definite proliferation of CAD/CAM systems in
India, even in the textile and apparel industry. Traditional working methods are being phased
out in favour of futuristic and globally prevalent methods of working. The evolution in
technology has been influenced by the proposition to reduce cost and lead time, to increase
interactivity between what is real and virtual and to enhance one's creative abilities. This
article is a part of the author's research work -- a comparison of CAD/CAM & Manual
systems in garment manufacturing -- reveals the advantage of CAD/CAM system over
manual approach in the garment industry.
Experimental procedure and results
In order to assess the improvement in productivity and quality, CAD/CAM manufacturing is
compared to Manual manufacturing processes. Various work processes followed in
CAD/CAM (Unit C) and MANUAL (Unit M) are discussed and the results are provided
below.
The following are the key areas where the
author makes his observation:
โข Time required in pattern designing, grading, pattern
alteration. โข Waste percentage in cutting room.
โข Quality of cutting.
โข Time taken for sample making.
โข Productivity.
โข Lead time for production.
A common sort, which was processed in both
units was
considered for
the
observation,
and so it was decided to compare men's shirt
(size L) (casual wear, long sleeve) with the
following dimension:
Results of the experiment
Time required in pattern designing, grading,
pattern alteration:
Both in unit C and unit M the time required
6. for preparing a sort of the above said dimension was observed. Particular time required for
each operation was observed, by using the stopwatch and six sets of reading were taken. The
average time taken is mentioned above.
Time taken for the following activities in CAD/CAM System:
Time taken for the following activities in manual system:
Comparison between the unit C & unit M:
7. Waste percentage in cutting operation
In order to determine waste percentage in both manual and CAD/CAM system, following
observations were made. The fabric consumption for 500 shirts was determined by taking the
dimension of centre size, ie, โLโ the area of front, back and sleeve part of shirt is taken for 'L'
size shirt. The fabric required is 2.15 metres without tolerance. With tolerance, the fabric
required is 2.4 metres.
Total no of shirts observed = 500
Fabric required for 500 shirts = 500 X 2.42
= 1209.06 mts
= 1210 mts
No of shirts made out from 1210 metres with (90% fabric realisation) in CAD/CAM system:
= (1210 X 90) 1100
= 1089 mts.
= 1089/2.42
No of shirts = 450
No of shirts made out from 1210 metres with (80% fabric realisation) in MANUAL system:
= (1210 X 80) /100
= 968 mts
= 968/2.42
No of shirts - 403
This exhibits a fabric saving of 10% by CAD/CAM system over MANUAL system as shown
by the following Table:
Quality of cutting:
In order to determine the quality of cutting,
10 rolls from 100 rolls of cloth were received
both in cutting and sewing department. It was
observed every day. Amount of rejected
garment was collected taking into
consideration the following quality
particulars:
โข Fabric defects.
โข All components cut on the correct grain lines and in accordance with the pile direction of
the fabric.
โข Dimensionally accurate garment that do not exceed specified tolerance.
โข All materials spread at correct tension to prevent under- or over-sized component and/or
garment.
โข Consistent and accurate marking.
Quality of cutting in Unit โ C
8. Quality of cutting in UNIT โ M
Time taken for sample making
Sample making is a continuous process in clothing industry during the development of a new
product. The following steps are involved in the process:
1. New material, design and processes have to be identified.
2. The production of garment patterns has to be altered and perfected to rectify faults during
making up of the sample.
3. At the sample stage, the quantities of fabric and trimming are established and quick
costing is made.
4. The finished garment sample has to undergo scrutiny to evaluate whether they fit in the
viability of producing the garment.
In order to determine sample-making time, the author followed the process of sample making
9. in both units. The following was the time taken:
Productivity:
Productivity of Unit C & Unit M was obtained by
taking into account per day production and monthly
production
capacity when
similar sorts
of garment
were
produced. The
number of
finished
garment
obtained each day as observed were as follows:
Per day productivity (Unit C) = 15,856 pieces
Per day productivity (Unit M)
= 4,013 pieces
Lead time for production:
A typical product
development cycle of a
garment industry consists of
the following steps:
โข Designing
โข Marketing
โข Purchasing/production.
One has to compare lead-time
of garment, taking into
consideration the above-
mentioned procedure in both Unit C and Unit M. The
observed time required for each stage of procedure,
details of the time taken in the two units are as
follows:
Lead time for Unit C = 39 Days
Lead time for Unit M = 55 Days
Results and discussion
Time reduction in CAD for pattern designing,
grading and marking:
As mentioned in the experimental procedure, the
CAD/CAM system takes 36.81 minutes, whereas
MANUAL system takes 350 minutes. By this, one
can say that the MANUAL system takes nearly 10
times of the time taken by the CAD/CAM system.
MANUAL system takes comparatively much more
10. time because of: New Pattern Creation, Measurement of Marking, Pattern Grading, Marker
Planning, Sketching, etc. These activities are done only by an individual and so the time
taken depends on the skill of the person.
TUKA DESIGN Software in Unit C uses powerful CAD tools to draft pattern, which gives
them unlimited saving in time compared to the manual method used in the Unit M. A
previously constructed pattern in the system can be used as the base pattern for a new style.
Waste percentage in cutting room:
With the use of CAD/CAM system through experimental procedure it can be observed that
about 10% of material is saved, as compared to the manual method. This is achieved due to
the following reason:
1. Do not cut until a trial layout shows the best location for all pieces within minimum length
of cloth.
2. Place all pattern pieces close together, so as to reduce the waste % of the cloth.
3. Spreading waste is considerably reduced due to correct length spreading, remnants are also
reduced by TUKA SPREAD machine. Since the CAD/CAM system has mathematical
algorithms in-built in CAD System, this ensures the most economical use of material.
Quality of cutting:
As mentioned in the experimental procedure, the CAD/CAM
system has 0.38% of the waste reduction whereas MANUAL
System has l.03%. This shows that quality is very good in
CAD/CAM because, the spreading of fabric is done by the
TUKA spreading machine, where the 'Photo Electric Guides'
are used to maintain uniform tension in the fabric, so that
creases in the fabric is avoided during spreading, whereas in
the MANUAL system it is unavoidable. Tuka Tech Cutter
has an automatic sharpening device for knife, and raw-edge
of the fabric do not fray out; As in manual cutting, which
happens due to imperfect sharpening of knife.
Time taken for sample making:
In Unit C using TUKA CAD Software and ENCAD: CROMA 24, Plotter it is easy to make
sample. Sample making time was observed to be around 5 days for Unit C and about 10 days
for Unit M. The CAD software helps designer of pattern to alter it easily in quick time. This
is mainly due to collection planning CAD Software, which helps in:
โข Developing the variation from core design.
โข Trying the same cloth on a number of different designs.
โข Modifying some of the ideas to make the garment more acceptable to a wider range of
customer.
With this flexible CAD System and plotte,r Unit C is able to reduce 50% of sample making
time compared to Unit M.
Productivity:
11. As mentioned in the experimental procedure, the CAD/CAM System has a production of
15,856 pieces/day whereas the MANUAL system has 4,013 pieces/day.
โข As the CAD/CAM process requires transfer of information or data for marker planning via
floppy, the process is simplified and the production is increased.
โข In CAD/CAM system, the capacity of the cutting room has to deal with a mixture of
different types of cloth. Whereas in MANUAL system it is highly impossible to work with
mixture of different types of cloth.
โข With such a flexible cutting room facilities available, Unit C must have higher production
rates compared with Unit M member together with very high cutting speed.
Lead time for production:
Lead-time of garment production is the number of days
required to finish a garment from sample stage to finished
garment. Lead-time of Unit C is about 39 days and of Unit M
is around 55 days. Due to faster sample production, highly
saved time and higher productivity combined with flexibility,
CAD system Unit C is more acceptable.
Conclusion
Unit C is using CAD/CAM system for garment
manufacturing. There is a significant improvement in
productivity, and quality, leading to time reduction. The
following are the some of the benefits of CAD/CAM that the
author observed from the Unit C.
โข Reduction in pattern designing, grading, and pattern alteration time by around 90%. The
time required for Unit C is 36.81 minutes and for line M is about 350 minutes.
โข Greater flexibility in pattern designing, grading and marking
โข Reduction in waste% of up to 10%.
โข Increasing quality of cutting room by around 50%.
โข Reduction in sample making time by 60%.
Unit C ---- 5 days
Unit M ---- 10 days
โข Increasing monthly productivity by 75%.
Productivity/day (Unit C) -15,856
Productivity/day (Unit M) - 4,013
โข Reduction in lead-time up to 45 days.
Unit C ----- 39 days
Unit M ---- 55 days
References
1. www.lectra.com.
2. www.tukatech.com.
3. www.fashionflame.com.
4. www.gerber.com.
5. Gerry C: Introduction to Clothing Manufacture, Blackwell Science (London) 1991.
6. Pooja Gupta: Evolution of Design Solutions in the Textile and Apparel Industry,