This document discusses geriatrics and gerontology nursing. It begins by defining geriatrics as the study of old age and the aging process. Gerontology nursing specializes in caring for the elderly using the nursing process with specialized knowledge of aging. This can occur in acute, chronic, or community settings with an emphasis on promoting independence. Key issues for elderly patients include physical disabilities, chronic diseases, activities of daily living, psychosocial and developmental aspects of aging, stress and coping, nutrition requirements, and altered responses to medication due to physiological changes.
Early and middle adulthood involve significant physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes. In early adulthood, individuals focus on developing relationships, careers, and identity. Physical health is usually at its peak. In middle adulthood, priorities shift to parenting and career goals while physical decline begins. Health risks increase so preventative care is important. Successfully navigating developmental tasks such as intimacy vs isolation and generativity vs stagnation is key to well-being. Late adulthood involves further physical and cognitive changes along with socioemotional adjustments. The aging process, death of loved ones, and changes in roles present challenges but can be positively addressed.
This document discusses mental health issues among older adults. It notes that the global population of those over age 60 is growing rapidly and will double by 2050. Mental health problems are common in older age, including dementia, depression, substance abuse issues, and caregiver stress. The document outlines factors that influence mental health in older adults like physical health problems, social isolation, and loss of independence. It recommends promoting healthy aging through addressing social determinants, active lifestyles, and providing community-based support and treatment for mental disorders in older populations. WHO is working to make mental healthcare for older adults a global priority.
Swu 171 intro to social workDr. Hilary Haseley, PhD, MSW, AC.docxrhetttrevannion
Swu 171 intro to social work
Dr. Hilary Haseley, PhD, MSW, ACUE
Overview
Chapter 11
Definitions
Aging: Changes that occur to an organism during its life span, from development to maturation to senescence
Senescence: The gradual decline of all organ systems, especially after age 30
Ageism: Negative attitudes, beliefs, and conceptions of the nature and characteristics of older persons that are based on age and distort their actual characteristics and abilities
Gerontology: The comprehensive study of aging and problems of older adults
Different conceptions of age
Chronological age: The number of years a person has lived, which is used as a standard to measure intelligence, behaviors, and so forth
Biological age: A measure of how well or poorly one’s body is functioning in relation to one’s actual calendar age. It describes a person’s development based on biomarkers, such as a cellular or molecular event, looking at the person as they are, not just when they were born
Psychological age: A subjective description of one’s experience using nonphysical features
Social age: An estimate of a person’s capabilities in social situations, relative to normal standards
AARP membership begins at age 50, a marker of chronological age
Social security has defined retirement age as 65 (moving toward 67)
People of the same older age have vastly different situations and experiences
Cohort: A group of people of the same generation sharing a statistical trait such as age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status
Old, Older, Oldest
Young-old: A term used to denote a person who is between 55 and 75 years of age
Middle old: A term that refers to persons 75–84 years old
Oldest-old: A general term that refers to the population over age 85, which is the fastest-growing age group in the United States and some other nations
Centenarians: People who are 100 or more years old
Supercentenarians: A person who is significantly older than 100 years of age
Life expectancy
Life expectancy: How long, on average, a person is expected to live at a given age
Life span: The number of years a person actually lives
Longevity: Living an active life longer than the average person
Based on genetics and lifestyle
Current issues
More of the population is older than ever before
Increased life expectancy, decreased birth rates
Health-care workforce needs to grow in capacity to accommodate the growing older population, especially the oldest-old (85+)
Threats to well-being and lives of older adults living through the COVID-19 pandemic
Gerontological Social Work
Two specialties:
Gerontological social work: focuses on biopsychosocial-spiritual aspects of aging
Geriatric social work: focuses on physiological changes and health care
Evolution of gerontological practice
Older adults seen as target client population beginning in 1960s/1970s
1995: Social workers participated in National Forum for Geriatric Education
Hartford Foundation began fundi.
An age in years of a particular individual which reaches or surpasses the ave...Sakshi Tomar
An age in years of a particular individual which reaches or surpasses the average life span of human being.
Elderly is the individual over 65 years old who have functional impairment.
This document summarizes key aspects of growth and development from early adulthood through older adulthood. It discusses physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development in each stage. For early adulthood (ages 20-40), it describes maintaining physical health and strength, developing relationships and careers, and establishing independence. Middle adulthood (ages 40-65) involves parenting, career progression, and meeting goals while physical decline begins. Older adulthood entails adjusting to declining health and abilities, as well as socioemotional challenges like loss of friends and defining new roles after retirement.
This chapter discusses several theories of personality development in late adulthood:
- Erikson's theory of ego integrity vs despair involves looking back on one's life and coming to terms with it in response to mortality.
- Peck's developmental tasks include redefining oneself outside of work, coping with physical changes, and coming to terms with one's legacy.
- Levinson's transition stage involves accepting oneself as old and playing smaller roles.
- Neugarten identified four personality types in older adults based on how they cope with aging.
Cultures of the societies have a strong relation with the aging and elderly of mankind. It also effects the psychological changes of the person .Some societies of the world accepts the old people and appreciate their aging and elderly while some youth take them as the burden in society and in their life, left them in old homes to live rest of their lives.
This document discusses geriatrics and gerontology nursing. It begins by defining geriatrics as the study of old age and the aging process. Gerontology nursing specializes in caring for the elderly using the nursing process with specialized knowledge of aging. This can occur in acute, chronic, or community settings with an emphasis on promoting independence. Key issues for elderly patients include physical disabilities, chronic diseases, activities of daily living, psychosocial and developmental aspects of aging, stress and coping, nutrition requirements, and altered responses to medication due to physiological changes.
Early and middle adulthood involve significant physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes. In early adulthood, individuals focus on developing relationships, careers, and identity. Physical health is usually at its peak. In middle adulthood, priorities shift to parenting and career goals while physical decline begins. Health risks increase so preventative care is important. Successfully navigating developmental tasks such as intimacy vs isolation and generativity vs stagnation is key to well-being. Late adulthood involves further physical and cognitive changes along with socioemotional adjustments. The aging process, death of loved ones, and changes in roles present challenges but can be positively addressed.
This document discusses mental health issues among older adults. It notes that the global population of those over age 60 is growing rapidly and will double by 2050. Mental health problems are common in older age, including dementia, depression, substance abuse issues, and caregiver stress. The document outlines factors that influence mental health in older adults like physical health problems, social isolation, and loss of independence. It recommends promoting healthy aging through addressing social determinants, active lifestyles, and providing community-based support and treatment for mental disorders in older populations. WHO is working to make mental healthcare for older adults a global priority.
Swu 171 intro to social workDr. Hilary Haseley, PhD, MSW, AC.docxrhetttrevannion
Swu 171 intro to social work
Dr. Hilary Haseley, PhD, MSW, ACUE
Overview
Chapter 11
Definitions
Aging: Changes that occur to an organism during its life span, from development to maturation to senescence
Senescence: The gradual decline of all organ systems, especially after age 30
Ageism: Negative attitudes, beliefs, and conceptions of the nature and characteristics of older persons that are based on age and distort their actual characteristics and abilities
Gerontology: The comprehensive study of aging and problems of older adults
Different conceptions of age
Chronological age: The number of years a person has lived, which is used as a standard to measure intelligence, behaviors, and so forth
Biological age: A measure of how well or poorly one’s body is functioning in relation to one’s actual calendar age. It describes a person’s development based on biomarkers, such as a cellular or molecular event, looking at the person as they are, not just when they were born
Psychological age: A subjective description of one’s experience using nonphysical features
Social age: An estimate of a person’s capabilities in social situations, relative to normal standards
AARP membership begins at age 50, a marker of chronological age
Social security has defined retirement age as 65 (moving toward 67)
People of the same older age have vastly different situations and experiences
Cohort: A group of people of the same generation sharing a statistical trait such as age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status
Old, Older, Oldest
Young-old: A term used to denote a person who is between 55 and 75 years of age
Middle old: A term that refers to persons 75–84 years old
Oldest-old: A general term that refers to the population over age 85, which is the fastest-growing age group in the United States and some other nations
Centenarians: People who are 100 or more years old
Supercentenarians: A person who is significantly older than 100 years of age
Life expectancy
Life expectancy: How long, on average, a person is expected to live at a given age
Life span: The number of years a person actually lives
Longevity: Living an active life longer than the average person
Based on genetics and lifestyle
Current issues
More of the population is older than ever before
Increased life expectancy, decreased birth rates
Health-care workforce needs to grow in capacity to accommodate the growing older population, especially the oldest-old (85+)
Threats to well-being and lives of older adults living through the COVID-19 pandemic
Gerontological Social Work
Two specialties:
Gerontological social work: focuses on biopsychosocial-spiritual aspects of aging
Geriatric social work: focuses on physiological changes and health care
Evolution of gerontological practice
Older adults seen as target client population beginning in 1960s/1970s
1995: Social workers participated in National Forum for Geriatric Education
Hartford Foundation began fundi.
An age in years of a particular individual which reaches or surpasses the ave...Sakshi Tomar
An age in years of a particular individual which reaches or surpasses the average life span of human being.
Elderly is the individual over 65 years old who have functional impairment.
This document summarizes key aspects of growth and development from early adulthood through older adulthood. It discusses physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development in each stage. For early adulthood (ages 20-40), it describes maintaining physical health and strength, developing relationships and careers, and establishing independence. Middle adulthood (ages 40-65) involves parenting, career progression, and meeting goals while physical decline begins. Older adulthood entails adjusting to declining health and abilities, as well as socioemotional challenges like loss of friends and defining new roles after retirement.
This chapter discusses several theories of personality development in late adulthood:
- Erikson's theory of ego integrity vs despair involves looking back on one's life and coming to terms with it in response to mortality.
- Peck's developmental tasks include redefining oneself outside of work, coping with physical changes, and coming to terms with one's legacy.
- Levinson's transition stage involves accepting oneself as old and playing smaller roles.
- Neugarten identified four personality types in older adults based on how they cope with aging.
Cultures of the societies have a strong relation with the aging and elderly of mankind. It also effects the psychological changes of the person .Some societies of the world accepts the old people and appreciate their aging and elderly while some youth take them as the burden in society and in their life, left them in old homes to live rest of their lives.
The document summarizes a presentation on mental health in older adults. It discusses the human life cycle stages, definitions of mental illness and personality disorders. It covers facts about older adults, risks for mental illness, common symptoms, and goals for interventions. The presentation promotes an integrated care model and discusses attitudes towards the elderly, highlighting how some cultures respect elders more than modern American culture. It provides information on causes of senior mental illness and lists several community programs that aim to support well-being in older adults.
This document discusses maintaining health and well-being during retirement. It addresses common health concerns in aging like cardiovascular, neurological and musculoskeletal issues. Maintaining holistic health through physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being is emphasized. Successful aging involves adapting one's social role and relationships, pursuing hobbies and staying engaged in the community. Defining new goals and priorities for the retirement phase is important for a healthy future.
Some more optimistic findings from research about ageing across the world. Talk given by Ken Laidlaw, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, NHS Lothian. Edinburgh City Chambers, 29th January 2009.
The care of older adult is crucial in the present scenario. there are changes that occur in all aspects in the late years of life. the presentation explains the comprehensive changes and their effective management by health care personal.
This document provides an introduction to geriatric nursing, including definitions of key terms like gerontology, geriatrics, aging, and life expectancy. It discusses the developmental tasks and needs of elderly people, including adjusting to retirement, death of a spouse, and accepting one's own mortality. It also addresses life transitions experienced by older adults like retirement, chronic illness, relocation, and bereavement. Finally, it outlines different care environments for elderly people and ways for health professionals to help older adults and their families cope with life transitions.
This document discusses physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development across early, middle, and late adulthood. In early adulthood (ages 20-40), physical development is complete and identity is established through relationships, careers, and beliefs. Middle adulthood (ages 40-65) involves parenting, careers, and meeting goals as physical decline begins. Late adulthood sees further physical aging, adjustment to loss of abilities, and facing end of life through stages of acceptance and with support of hospice care.
Older adulthood can be divided into three periods: young-old (60-69), middle-aged-old (70-79), and old-old (80-89). Physically, the body undergoes declines in most major systems as a result of earlier life events and lifestyle choices. Mentally, cognition and reaction time slow although dementia is not normal aging. Personality development focuses on adjusting to retirement, family/social roles, and government policies around increasing lifespans.
Middle adulthood from ages 40-65 involves several physical and cognitive changes. Physically, vision declines requiring corrective lenses and skin wrinkles more. Hearing loss becomes more common as does weight gain. Menopause occurs for women around age 50. Cognitively, processing speed and ability to multitask decline though knowledge and experience increase crystallized intelligence. Socially, children leave home and careers become stable or decline requiring adjustment. Midlife crises can involve career or relationship issues. Successful middle adulthood involves meaningful relationships, intellectual pursuits, and healthy lifestyle habits.
Discussion - Week 6Top of FormDiscussion Perspectives on the VinaOconner450
The document discusses perspectives on the aging process. It begins by asking students to consider how much they believe common sayings about aging, such as "you're only as old as you feel," and to reflect on whether they see themselves as younger or older than their biological age. It notes that while individuals experience biological changes as they age, how those changes are experienced can vary considerably from person to person. The document instructs students to examine biological aspects of later adulthood and how these intersect with psychological and social factors. It asks them to consider their own views on aging and how those views might impact their work with older clients.
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
The document summarizes a presentation on mental health in older adults. It discusses the human life cycle stages, definitions of mental illness and personality disorders. It covers facts about older adults, risks for mental illness, common symptoms, and goals for interventions. The presentation promotes an integrated care model and discusses attitudes towards the elderly, highlighting how some cultures respect elders more than modern American culture. It provides information on causes of senior mental illness and lists several community programs that aim to support well-being in older adults.
This document discusses maintaining health and well-being during retirement. It addresses common health concerns in aging like cardiovascular, neurological and musculoskeletal issues. Maintaining holistic health through physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being is emphasized. Successful aging involves adapting one's social role and relationships, pursuing hobbies and staying engaged in the community. Defining new goals and priorities for the retirement phase is important for a healthy future.
Some more optimistic findings from research about ageing across the world. Talk given by Ken Laidlaw, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, NHS Lothian. Edinburgh City Chambers, 29th January 2009.
The care of older adult is crucial in the present scenario. there are changes that occur in all aspects in the late years of life. the presentation explains the comprehensive changes and their effective management by health care personal.
This document provides an introduction to geriatric nursing, including definitions of key terms like gerontology, geriatrics, aging, and life expectancy. It discusses the developmental tasks and needs of elderly people, including adjusting to retirement, death of a spouse, and accepting one's own mortality. It also addresses life transitions experienced by older adults like retirement, chronic illness, relocation, and bereavement. Finally, it outlines different care environments for elderly people and ways for health professionals to help older adults and their families cope with life transitions.
This document discusses physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development across early, middle, and late adulthood. In early adulthood (ages 20-40), physical development is complete and identity is established through relationships, careers, and beliefs. Middle adulthood (ages 40-65) involves parenting, careers, and meeting goals as physical decline begins. Late adulthood sees further physical aging, adjustment to loss of abilities, and facing end of life through stages of acceptance and with support of hospice care.
Older adulthood can be divided into three periods: young-old (60-69), middle-aged-old (70-79), and old-old (80-89). Physically, the body undergoes declines in most major systems as a result of earlier life events and lifestyle choices. Mentally, cognition and reaction time slow although dementia is not normal aging. Personality development focuses on adjusting to retirement, family/social roles, and government policies around increasing lifespans.
Middle adulthood from ages 40-65 involves several physical and cognitive changes. Physically, vision declines requiring corrective lenses and skin wrinkles more. Hearing loss becomes more common as does weight gain. Menopause occurs for women around age 50. Cognitively, processing speed and ability to multitask decline though knowledge and experience increase crystallized intelligence. Socially, children leave home and careers become stable or decline requiring adjustment. Midlife crises can involve career or relationship issues. Successful middle adulthood involves meaningful relationships, intellectual pursuits, and healthy lifestyle habits.
Discussion - Week 6Top of FormDiscussion Perspectives on the VinaOconner450
The document discusses perspectives on the aging process. It begins by asking students to consider how much they believe common sayings about aging, such as "you're only as old as you feel," and to reflect on whether they see themselves as younger or older than their biological age. It notes that while individuals experience biological changes as they age, how those changes are experienced can vary considerably from person to person. The document instructs students to examine biological aspects of later adulthood and how these intersect with psychological and social factors. It asks them to consider their own views on aging and how those views might impact their work with older clients.
Similar to Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health (11)
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
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Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
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Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
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Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
1. Foundations of
Public Health
Lecture 7 - Gerontology
Phua Kai Lit, PhD (Johns Hopkins)
Retired public health professor
(Monash University Malaysia School
of Medicine and Health Sciences)
2. Lecture Objectives
What is “Gerontology”
Classification of the elderly - young-old, old-old,
oldest-old
Individual ageing versus population ageing
Population pyramid
Health and other challenges associated with ageing
e.g. multiple illnesses, fragmented care,
polypharmacy
Geriatrics - branch of medicine that treats the
health problems of the elderly
Long term care - price, quality
3. What is “Gerontology”?
• Gerontology can be defined as the multi-
disciplinary study of the elderly and the process of
growing old (especially of the young-old into the
old-old and oldest-old categories)
• The focus would be on the social, psychological
and physical/mental aspects of life as an elderly
person.
4. Classification of the Elderly in Terms
of Age
The classifications are arbitrary to some
extent
Young-old: 60-70 years of age? Note that
people aged 60 onwards are considered old
in Japan while people who are 65 and above
are considered old in the USA.
Old-old: 70-eighty?
Oldest-old: Eighty and above? The oldest-old
tend to consume more health care
resources.
5. Individual Ageing versus
Population Ageing
Individual ageing -- increasing chronological age of
an individual over time. Note that some people age
faster physically than others. This is affected by
whether the person has a healthy lifestyle or not. The
job that one does can also speed up physical ageing.
Population ageing -- the percentage of elderly people
in a population increases over time, from around 15%
to 25% and above. This is largely due to falling birth
rates and only secondarily due to increasing life
expectancy of people in the older age groups.
6. Population Pyramid
A population pyramid depicts the age and sex
composition of the population of a particular
geographical location (e.g. country) at a certain point
in time.
A country with a high birth rate will have a more
triangular-looking population pyramid while a country
with a low birth rate will have a more rectangular-
looking one.
9. Ageing Challenges
Physical: decline in physical functioning as one ages.
Decline in mental functioning for some people too.
Need for home modifications for “ageing in place”.
Social: for some people, loss of social prestige after
retirement (“I am just a retiree”), loss of power (if one
used to be the CEO of a big company), loss of
spouse or relatives or friends if one lives a long life
Psychological: for some people, loss of identity or
meaning in life after retirement. Dealing with free
time.
Economic: drop in income after stopping paid work.
Loss of employer-supplied medical insurance.
Working class people have little savings upon
retirement. Housewives may not be covered by social
welfare schemes (i.e. employment-linked schemes) in
old age. Financial scams are a threat to the elderly
10. Health Care Issues
Paying for care in old age - hospital care,
long term care, drugs for chronic diseases
Multiple health problems - common in the
elderly (e.g. having hypertension, arthritis
and diabetes at the same time)
Fragmented care - care provided by multiple
doctors (can result in polypharmacy i.e.
taking many medical drugs at the same time)
Polypharmacy - side-effects of drugs, risk of
adverse drug interactions
Long term care - price, quality can be
problematic (elder abuse in nursing homes)
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