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Networking devices connect electronic devices together to share files and resources. They include routers, hubs, switches, bridges, gateways, and network interface cards. Routers direct network traffic and route information between local area networks. Hubs connect devices physically but copy all data to every port. Switches intelligently send data only to the destination port, unlike hubs. Bridges connect networks using the same protocol, while gateways allow communication across different networks using protocols. Network interface cards provide the physical connection between a computer and the network.
1) A computer network connects computers together to share resources like printers, files, and internet connections. Networks can be local-area networks within a building or wide-area networks spanning cities.
2) Common network topologies include star, bus, ring, tree and mesh. Star networks connect devices to a central hub while bus networks use a common backbone cable. Ring networks transmit messages in one direction around a closed loop.
3) Computer networks allow for resource sharing, improved communication and availability of information, though they also present security risks and require maintenance of hardware and software.
This document provides an overview of basic local area network (LAN) concepts including definitions, hardware, media, and sample implementations. It defines a LAN as a group of computers and devices sharing resources within a small geographic area. Common LAN hardware includes hubs, switches, bridges, and routers which connect devices and segment traffic at different OSI model layers. Wired media include twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables while common wireless technologies are Wi-Fi and WiMax. Sample configurations show home and business LAN setups connecting devices via these components.
Computer networks and it's applicationsvarun arora
This document discusses computer networks and their business applications. It defines a computer network as a system that interconnects computers and peripheral devices. It then describes three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are the smallest and cover a limited physical area like a home or single building. MANs connect multiple LANs within a city. WANs are the largest and can span countries or continents, with the Internet being the largest example. The document also covers network topologies like bus, ring, star, tree, and mesh, explaining their structures and characteristics.
Department Of computer Application- Advanced computer network
Main office:
Remote locations
Branch offices:
Home offices:
Mobile users
Resource-Sharing Functions and Benefits
Network User Applications
Characteristics of a Network
Foundation
Advance Internet working
Congestion Control & Resource Allocation
Network Security
Symmetric Key Encryption
Cryptographic Building Blocks
The document provides an overview of basic networking concepts including computer networks, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), common LAN topologies, LAN transmission methods, LAN infrastructure devices, common network cabling, Ethernet, and network models like OSI and TCP/IP. It describes key aspects of each layer in the OSI model from application to network layer.
IEEE 802.11 defines wireless local area networks. It uses CSMA/CA for media access and includes encryption. Wireless networks can operate in ad-hoc mode with no base station or in infrastructure mode with an access point. Infrastructure networks can connect multiple basic service sets to extend the network. Stations can have no, basic, or extended mobility between networks. Physical layer standards include FHSS, DSSS, OFDM, and their variants.
Networking devices connect electronic devices together to share files and resources. They include routers, hubs, switches, bridges, gateways, and network interface cards. Routers direct network traffic and route information between local area networks. Hubs connect devices physically but copy all data to every port. Switches intelligently send data only to the destination port, unlike hubs. Bridges connect networks using the same protocol, while gateways allow communication across different networks using protocols. Network interface cards provide the physical connection between a computer and the network.
1) A computer network connects computers together to share resources like printers, files, and internet connections. Networks can be local-area networks within a building or wide-area networks spanning cities.
2) Common network topologies include star, bus, ring, tree and mesh. Star networks connect devices to a central hub while bus networks use a common backbone cable. Ring networks transmit messages in one direction around a closed loop.
3) Computer networks allow for resource sharing, improved communication and availability of information, though they also present security risks and require maintenance of hardware and software.
This document provides an overview of basic local area network (LAN) concepts including definitions, hardware, media, and sample implementations. It defines a LAN as a group of computers and devices sharing resources within a small geographic area. Common LAN hardware includes hubs, switches, bridges, and routers which connect devices and segment traffic at different OSI model layers. Wired media include twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables while common wireless technologies are Wi-Fi and WiMax. Sample configurations show home and business LAN setups connecting devices via these components.
Computer networks and it's applicationsvarun arora
This document discusses computer networks and their business applications. It defines a computer network as a system that interconnects computers and peripheral devices. It then describes three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are the smallest and cover a limited physical area like a home or single building. MANs connect multiple LANs within a city. WANs are the largest and can span countries or continents, with the Internet being the largest example. The document also covers network topologies like bus, ring, star, tree, and mesh, explaining their structures and characteristics.
Department Of computer Application- Advanced computer network
Main office:
Remote locations
Branch offices:
Home offices:
Mobile users
Resource-Sharing Functions and Benefits
Network User Applications
Characteristics of a Network
Foundation
Advance Internet working
Congestion Control & Resource Allocation
Network Security
Symmetric Key Encryption
Cryptographic Building Blocks
The document provides an overview of basic networking concepts including computer networks, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), common LAN topologies, LAN transmission methods, LAN infrastructure devices, common network cabling, Ethernet, and network models like OSI and TCP/IP. It describes key aspects of each layer in the OSI model from application to network layer.
IEEE 802.11 defines wireless local area networks. It uses CSMA/CA for media access and includes encryption. Wireless networks can operate in ad-hoc mode with no base station or in infrastructure mode with an access point. Infrastructure networks can connect multiple basic service sets to extend the network. Stations can have no, basic, or extended mobility between networks. Physical layer standards include FHSS, DSSS, OFDM, and their variants.
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
A computer network connects two or more computers to allow sharing of resources, files, and communication. It requires cables or wireless connections between devices, a router to manage traffic, and may include additional components like switches, firewalls, and wireless access points. Computer networks can be configured as peer-to-peer or client-server and use various topologies to connect devices. Common network types include LAN, MAN, WAN and PAN, and protocols like TCP and IP allow communication over the network. Networks are used for applications such as file sharing, printing, email, gaming, business, education, and entertainment.
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources.
Components of computer network
Network benefits
Disadvantages of computer network
Classification by their geographical area
Network classification by their component role
Types of servers
The document provides an overview of wireless networks, including:
1. Wireless networks interconnect systems capable of providing mobile service within a geographic region without physical cables.
2. Components include base stations, mobile switching centers, and public telephone networks. Wireless networks offer mobility, lower installation costs, and flexibility over wired networks but have lower speeds and security.
3. Basic components are wireless network interface cards, access points, and hardware like antennas. Wireless modes include ad-hoc peer-to-peer and infrastructure with access points. Security methods are SSIDs, MAC filtering, and encryption.
The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite and compares it to the OSI model. It describes the layers of the TCP/IP model including the physical, data link, internet, and transport layers. The transport layer uses TCP and UDP, with TCP being connection-oriented and reliable, while UDP is connectionless. The internet layer uses IP to transport datagrams independently. The OSI model has 7 layers while TCP/IP has 5 layers that do not directly correspond to the OSI layers.
IP addresses are 32-bit numbers that uniquely identify devices on a network. They allow for file transfers and email communication using the Internet Protocol. There are five classes of IP addresses - A, B, C, D, and E - which are divided into ranges to define large, medium, and small networks. Users can determine the IP address of their own device or other computers and websites using commands like ipconfig and ping.
UDP is a connectionless transport layer protocol that runs over IP. It provides an unreliable best-effort service where packets may be lost, delivered out of order, or duplicated. UDP has a small 8-byte header and is lightweight, with no connection establishment or guarantee of delivery. This makes it fast and low overhead, suitable for real-time applications like streaming media where resending lost packets would cause delay.
Basic definition of computer Network which will brief about types of networks, topology and difference between OSI and TCP/IP.It also elaborate to guided and Unguided media.
Unicast involves sending data from one computer to another, with one sender and one receiver. Multicast sends data to a group of devices that have joined the multicast group, with one sender but multiple potential receivers. Broadcast sends data from one computer that is then forwarded to all connected devices, with one sender and all devices receiving the broadcast traffic.
This document provides an overview of various computer networking concepts and components. It begins with definitions of networking basics like communications and telecommunications. It then describes the essential parts of a basic network including a message, transmitter, medium, receiver and destination. The document outlines different network topologies like bus, ring, star, star-bus and mesh. It also discusses network types like peer-to-peer and client-server networks. The document provides details on common networking media and components including coaxial cable, twisted pair cables, optical fibers, wireless transmission, hubs, gateways, routers, bridges and switches. It concludes with a brief introduction to the IEEE 802 family of standards related to local and metropolitan area networks.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking, including definitions of networking concepts and an overview of network topologies. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources like files, printers, and disk drives. There are different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh, each with their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, ease of installation and reconfiguration, and fault tolerance. The document also discusses network hardware, software, client/server models, and the roles of local, wide, and metropolitan area networks.
A network interface card (NIC) allows computers to connect to a local area network (LAN). The NIC acts as the interface between the computer and the network, handling data transmission and reception. NICs are available for both wired and wireless network connections, with Ethernet and WiFi being common interface standards. The NIC contains a unique MAC address that identifies it on the network and helps direct traffic between connected devices.
Subnets divide a network into smaller sub-networks or subnets. Each subnet is treated as a separate network and can be further divided. When a packet enters a network with subnets, routers will route based on the subnet ID which is a combination of the network ID and subnet portion of the IP address. Subnets are only relevant for routing within an organization and are transparent outside the organization.
Networking devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, switches, and gateways are used to connect nodes and networks. Repeaters extend network distance by boosting signals. Hubs connect workstations into a LAN by resending data frames to all ports. Bridges are more intelligent repeaters that examine MAC addresses to form tables. Routers operate at the network layer, can connect similar and dissimilar networks, and determine the shortest route between destinations. Switches form dedicated connections between ports like bridges but have multiple ports. Gateways link all seven layers of the OSI model when networks differ at any layer, primarily handling email protocols.
This document discusses network topologies. It defines network topology as the physical or logical layout of a network, including how nodes are arranged and connected. There are two main types: physical focuses on device placement, while logical focuses on data transfer patterns. The six basic network topologies covered are bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid. Each has its own unique structure for connecting nodes and routing data. Advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided.
A wireless local area network (WLAN) uses radio frequency technology to transmit and receive data over the air, providing mobility and flexibility as an extension or alternative to wired networks. Key advantages of WLANs include productivity, convenience, lower installation costs and mobility. However, WLANs also have disadvantages such as higher costs for wireless network cards and access points, susceptibility to environmental interference, and lower bandwidth capacity compared to wired networks. Common applications of WLANs include use in corporate, education, medical and temporary settings.
The document discusses transport layer protocols TCP and UDP. It provides an overview of process-to-process communication using transport layer protocols. It describes the roles, services, requirements, addressing, encapsulation, multiplexing, and error control functions of the transport layer. It specifically examines TCP and UDP, comparing their connection-oriented and connectionless services, typical applications, and segment/datagram formats.
This document summarizes different types of wide area network (WAN) connection technologies. It describes point-to-point technologies like T1 and T3 lines that provide dedicated bandwidth between two locations. It also discusses circuit-switched technologies like dial-up and ISDN that require call setup before transferring data, and packet-switched technologies like Frame-Relay and X.25 that share common infrastructure and are less expensive than dedicated lines but provide variable bandwidth. The document concludes that a WAN spans a large geographic area and typically connects two or more local area networks through public or private network transports.
This document defines various computer networking terms and discusses different types of computer networks. It describes personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), and campus area networks (CAN). For LANs, it distinguishes between client/server networks and peer-to-peer networks. It also discusses different network topologies like bus, star, and ring topologies. Finally, it provides examples of shared hardware components on a network like printers, disk drives, and modems.
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals and the TCP/IP protocol stack. It begins with an agenda that covers networking technology, network architecture, protocols, and utilities. It then discusses network topologies, protocols like TCP and IP, and common network tools such as ping, traceroute, netstat, and ipconfig. The goal is to teach basic networking concepts in order to use network monitoring solutions effectively.
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
A computer network connects two or more computers to allow sharing of resources, files, and communication. It requires cables or wireless connections between devices, a router to manage traffic, and may include additional components like switches, firewalls, and wireless access points. Computer networks can be configured as peer-to-peer or client-server and use various topologies to connect devices. Common network types include LAN, MAN, WAN and PAN, and protocols like TCP and IP allow communication over the network. Networks are used for applications such as file sharing, printing, email, gaming, business, education, and entertainment.
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources.
Components of computer network
Network benefits
Disadvantages of computer network
Classification by their geographical area
Network classification by their component role
Types of servers
The document provides an overview of wireless networks, including:
1. Wireless networks interconnect systems capable of providing mobile service within a geographic region without physical cables.
2. Components include base stations, mobile switching centers, and public telephone networks. Wireless networks offer mobility, lower installation costs, and flexibility over wired networks but have lower speeds and security.
3. Basic components are wireless network interface cards, access points, and hardware like antennas. Wireless modes include ad-hoc peer-to-peer and infrastructure with access points. Security methods are SSIDs, MAC filtering, and encryption.
The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite and compares it to the OSI model. It describes the layers of the TCP/IP model including the physical, data link, internet, and transport layers. The transport layer uses TCP and UDP, with TCP being connection-oriented and reliable, while UDP is connectionless. The internet layer uses IP to transport datagrams independently. The OSI model has 7 layers while TCP/IP has 5 layers that do not directly correspond to the OSI layers.
IP addresses are 32-bit numbers that uniquely identify devices on a network. They allow for file transfers and email communication using the Internet Protocol. There are five classes of IP addresses - A, B, C, D, and E - which are divided into ranges to define large, medium, and small networks. Users can determine the IP address of their own device or other computers and websites using commands like ipconfig and ping.
UDP is a connectionless transport layer protocol that runs over IP. It provides an unreliable best-effort service where packets may be lost, delivered out of order, or duplicated. UDP has a small 8-byte header and is lightweight, with no connection establishment or guarantee of delivery. This makes it fast and low overhead, suitable for real-time applications like streaming media where resending lost packets would cause delay.
Basic definition of computer Network which will brief about types of networks, topology and difference between OSI and TCP/IP.It also elaborate to guided and Unguided media.
Unicast involves sending data from one computer to another, with one sender and one receiver. Multicast sends data to a group of devices that have joined the multicast group, with one sender but multiple potential receivers. Broadcast sends data from one computer that is then forwarded to all connected devices, with one sender and all devices receiving the broadcast traffic.
This document provides an overview of various computer networking concepts and components. It begins with definitions of networking basics like communications and telecommunications. It then describes the essential parts of a basic network including a message, transmitter, medium, receiver and destination. The document outlines different network topologies like bus, ring, star, star-bus and mesh. It also discusses network types like peer-to-peer and client-server networks. The document provides details on common networking media and components including coaxial cable, twisted pair cables, optical fibers, wireless transmission, hubs, gateways, routers, bridges and switches. It concludes with a brief introduction to the IEEE 802 family of standards related to local and metropolitan area networks.
This document provides an introduction to computer networking, including definitions of networking concepts and an overview of network topologies. It defines a network as connecting two or more computers to share resources like files, printers, and disk drives. There are different types of network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh, each with their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, ease of installation and reconfiguration, and fault tolerance. The document also discusses network hardware, software, client/server models, and the roles of local, wide, and metropolitan area networks.
A network interface card (NIC) allows computers to connect to a local area network (LAN). The NIC acts as the interface between the computer and the network, handling data transmission and reception. NICs are available for both wired and wireless network connections, with Ethernet and WiFi being common interface standards. The NIC contains a unique MAC address that identifies it on the network and helps direct traffic between connected devices.
Subnets divide a network into smaller sub-networks or subnets. Each subnet is treated as a separate network and can be further divided. When a packet enters a network with subnets, routers will route based on the subnet ID which is a combination of the network ID and subnet portion of the IP address. Subnets are only relevant for routing within an organization and are transparent outside the organization.
Networking devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers, switches, and gateways are used to connect nodes and networks. Repeaters extend network distance by boosting signals. Hubs connect workstations into a LAN by resending data frames to all ports. Bridges are more intelligent repeaters that examine MAC addresses to form tables. Routers operate at the network layer, can connect similar and dissimilar networks, and determine the shortest route between destinations. Switches form dedicated connections between ports like bridges but have multiple ports. Gateways link all seven layers of the OSI model when networks differ at any layer, primarily handling email protocols.
This document discusses network topologies. It defines network topology as the physical or logical layout of a network, including how nodes are arranged and connected. There are two main types: physical focuses on device placement, while logical focuses on data transfer patterns. The six basic network topologies covered are bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid. Each has its own unique structure for connecting nodes and routing data. Advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided.
A wireless local area network (WLAN) uses radio frequency technology to transmit and receive data over the air, providing mobility and flexibility as an extension or alternative to wired networks. Key advantages of WLANs include productivity, convenience, lower installation costs and mobility. However, WLANs also have disadvantages such as higher costs for wireless network cards and access points, susceptibility to environmental interference, and lower bandwidth capacity compared to wired networks. Common applications of WLANs include use in corporate, education, medical and temporary settings.
The document discusses transport layer protocols TCP and UDP. It provides an overview of process-to-process communication using transport layer protocols. It describes the roles, services, requirements, addressing, encapsulation, multiplexing, and error control functions of the transport layer. It specifically examines TCP and UDP, comparing their connection-oriented and connectionless services, typical applications, and segment/datagram formats.
This document summarizes different types of wide area network (WAN) connection technologies. It describes point-to-point technologies like T1 and T3 lines that provide dedicated bandwidth between two locations. It also discusses circuit-switched technologies like dial-up and ISDN that require call setup before transferring data, and packet-switched technologies like Frame-Relay and X.25 that share common infrastructure and are less expensive than dedicated lines but provide variable bandwidth. The document concludes that a WAN spans a large geographic area and typically connects two or more local area networks through public or private network transports.
This document defines various computer networking terms and discusses different types of computer networks. It describes personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), and campus area networks (CAN). For LANs, it distinguishes between client/server networks and peer-to-peer networks. It also discusses different network topologies like bus, star, and ring topologies. Finally, it provides examples of shared hardware components on a network like printers, disk drives, and modems.
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals and the TCP/IP protocol stack. It begins with an agenda that covers networking technology, network architecture, protocols, and utilities. It then discusses network topologies, protocols like TCP and IP, and common network tools such as ping, traceroute, netstat, and ipconfig. The goal is to teach basic networking concepts in order to use network monitoring solutions effectively.
Introduction to networking by vikas jagtapVikas Jagtap
Network :- “A group of computers & other devices (such as workstations, printers, or servers) that are linked together is called as Network.”
Networking :- “The concept of connected computers sharing information, resources, or both is called as Networking.”
This document discusses different types of computer networks based on geographical coverage, architecture, and topology. It describes Local Area Networks (LANs) as covering a small area like a room or building, with high speeds up to 1000 Mbps. Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) span a larger area like a campus or city, with lower speeds of 10-100 Mbps. Wide Area Networks (WANs) have no boundaries and can span countries, with varying speeds based on location. Common network architectures are peer-to-peer and client-server, and common topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid combinations. It also discusses different transmission media like twisted pair, coaxial, and optical fiber cables.
Network topologies refer to the geometric arrangement of devices on a computer network. There are several standard network topologies including bus, star, ring, and hybrid. Each topology has advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like scalability, fault tolerance, cost, and speed. A hybrid topology combines two or more standard topologies to leverage their strengths and mitigate weaknesses.
The document discusses various network topologies including mesh, star, bus, ring, tree, and hybrid topologies. It provides details on how each topology connects devices, its advantages and disadvantages, and examples of applications. It also covers Ethernet, collision domains, CSMA/CD protocol, token ring networks, FDDI, and considerations for choosing a topology.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- Types of network topologies such as star, bus, ring, and mesh.
- Transmission media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, radio waves, and satellite links.
- Network devices, protocols, wireless computing, internetworking terms, open source software, security, and viruses.
The document discusses the history of computer networks from 1948 to 2000 and key developments over time. It then provides explanations of common networking concepts like bits, bytes, file sizes, cables, fiber optics, wireless standards, network topologies, components, and devices. Topics covered include IP addressing, Ethernet, TCP/IP, the internet, GUI, laptops, switches, routers
1. A computer network is an interconnected collection of autonomous computers and devices that communicate and share resources using physical wires, cables, or wireless connections.
2. The main goals of networks are resource sharing, reliability through file copies, lower costs by sharing one file server, and improved communication.
3. Common network applications include sharing data, peripherals, control/access, accessing remote databases, and communication facilities.
Program/Course : Computer System Servicing NC II
Unit of Competency : Set-up Computer Networks
Module : Install Network Cables
Learning Outcome 01: Installing Network Cables
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1. The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including network topologies, hardware, and protocols. It defines local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It also discusses network interfaces, switches, hubs, bridges, and routers.
2. The different network topologies - bus, star, ring, and mesh - are explained along with their advantages and disadvantages. Star and bus are most common due to being cheap and easy to install while providing fault tolerance.
3. Switches are more intelligent than hubs and allow each connected device to achieve full bandwidth, while hubs share bandwidth between all devices.
For N10-005 Exam
Network Plus study guide.
Covers the basic with point form answers and easy to remember.
Those who hold a Network+ certification may improve their chances of landing a job in the networking industry or increasing salary in their existing position. A Network+ also can be used to partially satisfy some prerequisites of more advanced IT certifications. For example, it qualifies as one of part of the elective exam requirement of the Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) certification.
The document discusses the history and development of the Internet. It began in 1969 as the ARPANET, a network created by the US government to connect universities and research labs. No single organization owns the Internet, which uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching to connect networks worldwide. Local area networks (LANs) connect computers within the same building, while wide area networks (WANs) connect LANs across greater distances. The document also covers network topologies, types, layers of the OSI model, and common Internet services like email and search engines.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in computer networks and communication. It defines what a network is, discusses the need for networking and sharing of resources, and outlines the evolution of early networks like ARPANET and NSFNET into the modern Internet. It also covers network topologies, transmission media, switching techniques, common network devices, and communication protocols.
A computer network connects computers together to share resources and exchange information. The main types of computer networks are personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LANs are commonly used within offices and buildings to share printers and files between connected computers. WANs extend across broader areas like cities or countries using transmission lines and routers to connect distant LANs and allow communication between nonlocal computers. Common network hardware includes network interface cards, switches, routers, hubs, and gateways.
This document provides an overview of computer network types and topologies. It discusses the four main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), personal area networks (PANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Each network type is defined based on its size and scope. The document also examines common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid along with their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it briefly introduces some network technologies including intranets, extranets, and the internet.
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including their goals, applications, terminology, and technologies. Some key points:
- Networks allow for resource sharing, reliability through redundancy, and lower costs through shared infrastructure. Common applications include file sharing, access to remote databases, and communication.
- Network components include nodes, servers, switches, routers, and more. Communication occurs via various transmission media like twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic, radio waves, and satellites.
- Protocols govern network communication and include TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and others. Wireless technologies enable mobile computing through standards such as GSM, CDMA, GPRS, and emerging generations of cellular networks.
The document discusses technologies used in local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It covers topics like direct point-to-point communication, shared communication channels, common LAN topologies (star, ring, bus), and WAN differences from LANs. Specific LAN examples discussed are Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, and the CSMA/CD protocol used for bus arbitration on Ethernet networks. The presentation provides an overview of fundamental networking concepts and a comparison of LAN and WAN technologies.
Similar to Advance Networking Course Details PPT (20)
MongoDB is a popular open-source NoSQL database management system designed for flexibility, scalability, and high performance. It stores data in flexible JSON-like documents which can have nested structures, does not require a fixed schema, and scales horizontally across servers. MongoDB also offers rich querying, replication for high availability, tunable consistency models, and both community and enterprise editions.
MongoDB is a popular open-source NoSQL database management system designed for flexibility, scalability, and high performance. It stores data in flexible JSON-like documents rather than tables, supports horizontal scalability across servers, and provides high read and write throughput. Key features include document-oriented data, a schema-less structure, replication for availability, rich queries, and tunable consistency models.
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine that allows JavaScript to run on the server side. It is popular for building web servers and APIs due to its asynchronous and event-driven nature which allows non-blocking I/O operations. This allows Node.js to handle many concurrent connections efficiently using a single-threaded model. While both Node.js and browsers use JavaScript, they have different ecosystems - Node.js provides access to the filesystem and requires no DOM while browsers provide the DOM and other web APIs but have limited filesystem access. The V8 engine powers both Node.js and Chrome and is continuously optimized for performance. Node.js supports the latest ECMAScript standards without needing to wait for
This document provides an overview of React including React components, class components, props, and events. It discusses that React is a JavaScript library created by Facebook for building user interfaces out of components. Components are independent and reusable bits of code that return HTML. There are two types of components: class components and function components, with function components now being preferred with the addition of hooks. Props are arguments passed into components via HTML attributes. Events in React are similar to HTML events and can be used to trigger actions when user events occur.
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine that allows JavaScript to run on the server side. It is popular for building web servers and networking applications. The document provides an overview of Node.js, how to install it, differences from the browser, the V8 engine, an example app, and an introduction to NPM - the package manager for Node.js projects. NPM is used to install dependencies, update packages, and define scripts to run tasks like building assets or starting servers.
HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It consists of a series of elements that tell browsers how to display content. Some key HTML elements include headings, paragraphs, links, and images. The basic structure of an HTML document includes <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags. HTML elements have start and end tags and can include attributes that provide additional information about the element.
React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It introduces components as the building blocks of interfaces and uses a virtual DOM for improved efficiency. Components come in two types - class components and function components. Class components require the use of the render() method and extend React.Component, while function components are now preferred and can use hooks to manage state and lifecycles. Props are used to pass data to components, events allow user interactions to trigger behavior, and forms are built similarly to HTML but their data is handled by the components' state.
This document provides an introduction to Node.js, including what Node.js is, why it is useful, its built-in modules like HTTP and file system. Node.js is a server-side JavaScript environment that allows JavaScript to be run on the server. It uses non-blocking I/O and event-driven architecture, making it lightweight and efficient. The built-in HTTP module allows Node.js to create web servers and handle HTTP requests and responses. The file system module provides functions to read, write, update and delete files on the server.
This document discusses various programming languages and frameworks used for user interface (UI) design. It begins by defining what a UI is - the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. It then discusses the importance of UI in meeting user expectations and supporting effective site functionality. Popular frontend languages for UI development include HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue are also discussed. jQuery is introduced as a leading JavaScript framework. The document concludes by providing contact information for PSK Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Google announced an algorithm update to identify and nullify link spam was beginning to roll out. Google warned that any
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PSK Technologies PVT ltd IT company in Nagpur.
PSK which means Programming & Skills & Knowledge Company Profile PSK Technologies is an IT services provider and Software Company with a skilled and
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we provide
Web Development
Web Hosting
Digital Marketing
Sales & Services
Live Internship.
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C++ is known to be a very powerful language. C++ allow you to have a lot of control as to how you use computer resources so, in the right hand its speed and ability to cheaply use resources should be able to surpass other language. thanks to C++'s performance.
More from PSK Technolgies Pvt. Ltd. IT Company Nagpur (18)
Biography and career of Gerry Falletta.pdfGerry Falletta
Gerry Falletta, hailing from Hamilton, Ontario, is notably the son of Italian immigrants in a locale revered for its strong Italian presence. As the first in his lineage to attain a university education and a law degree, he represents a beacon of achievement and pride for his family.
2. Chapter 1
Networking began its infancy in the mid -1960’s.by the US
Department of Defense (DOD).
ARPANET protocols were not suitable for running over
multiple networks, so TCP/IP model and protocols were
invented in 1974.
What Is Networking?
When a two or more computer are connected with each
other via cables & media that is called as network First
network established in 1963 by ARPA (Advanced research
project Agency) arpanet.
A network is a group of two or more computer systems
linked together. There are many types of computer
networks, including:
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
NETWORKS
3. Local area networks (LANs) :
The computers are geographically close together (that is,
in the same building).
Wide area networks (WANs) :
The computers are farther apart and are connected by
telephone lines or radio waves.
Campus area networks (CANs):
The computers are within a limited geographic area, such
as a campus or military base.
Metropolitan area networks (MANs): A data network
designed for a town or city.
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4. Computer network allows the user to share data with other users in a network
.and share resources such as printers faxes Printer can be installed on one
computer and can be accessed by other users in a network.
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5. Chapter 2
What is topology?
Physical arrangement of computers and networking devices (Cables, switches, hub,
routers, wireless access point etc) that is called as topology.
Selection of the appropriate topology:
Physical topologies of the networks are classified according to various factors such
as distance no. of nodes, etc.
The different topologies are:
1. Bus Topology
2. Ring Topology
3. Star Topology
4. Mesh Topology
Bus Topology:-
Bus topology allows information to be directed from one computer to the other.
This type of topology used in cable network.
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TOPOLOGY
6. Equipments needed for Bus Topology:-
1. Co-axial cables
2. LAN card ((BNC) British Naval Connector LAN card )
3. Terminator
4. T-connectors
Advantages of Bus Topology:
It is a cheapest technology.
Easy to use and to understand.
Requires least amount of cable to connect the computers together.
It is easy to extend a bus.
Disadvantages:
Low bandwidth (10Mbps)
Works on half duplex technology.
If the cable is fail then entire network is goes down.
Difficult to troubleshoot.
Heavy network traffic can slow a bus considerably as only 1 computer can send a message at a time.
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7. Star Topology:
In this kind of topology all the cables run from the computers to the central location where they
are all connected by a device called hub or switch. Each computer on a star network
communicates with a central device that resends the message either to each computer or only
to the destination computer,
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8. Equipments:
1. PC
2. Hub / Switch
3. Cables (fiber optic, UTP, STP)
4. Fiber-optic or Ethernet LAN card.
Advantages:
1. Easy troubleshooting.
2. Data transmission speed is very high, depends upon the cable & media
3.It is easy to modify and add new computers without disturbing the rest of the network 4.The center of the
star network is a good place to diagnose the faults.
Disadvantages:
1. If the central device fails, then the whole n/w fails.
2. Star networking is expensive because all network
cables must be pulled to one central point, requires
more cable than other network topologies.
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9. Ring Topology:
In this type each computer is connected to the next computer with the last one connected to the
first. Each retransmits what it receives from the previous computer. The message flows around the
ring in one direction. The ring network does not subject to signal loss problem as a bus network
experiences. There is no termination because there is no end to the ring.
Equipments:
1. PC
2. Fiber-optic cables
3. Fiber optic LAN card
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10. Advantages:
1. fastest topology
2. No limit of nodes
3. Two dedicated paths.
4. Works on full duplex technology.
5. Easy troubleshooting.
6. Each node has equal access.
7. Capable of high speed data transfer.
Disadvantages:
1. Costly Topology
2. Difficult to configure.
3. Failure of one computer on the ring can affect the
whole network.
4. Difficult to troubleshoot the network.
5. A disadvantage of a token ring is if one computer is
broken or down, the massage cannot be passed to the
other computers.
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12. Advantages:
•More dedicated paths.
•No requirement of central device.
•Speed depends upon cable & media.
•Easy troubleshooting.
Disadvantages:
1. Requirement of LAN card is more.
2. We cannot perform more than 7 pc networks.
3. Very costly topology.
NOTE:
1) UNICAST: One to One Communication.
2) MULTICAST: One too many Communication.
3) BROADCAST: One to all communication.
HALF DUPLEX:-
We can do both side communication but at the time only one side communication.
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13. FULL DUPLEX:-
We can do both side communications at the time like as
telephone.
SIMPLEX COMMUNICATION:-
We can do one side communication at the time like as
television, radio.
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