This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
IRJET- IoT based Monitoring and Controlling of Smart Speaking Energy Mete...IRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based system for monitoring and controlling a smart speaking energy meter and detecting current theft using a Raspberry Pi 3. The system measures a home's electricity consumption in units using wireless sensors and calculates the bill automatically. It sends the units used and estimated bill to the consumer's registered mobile number through a GSM module. It can also detect tampering with the meter and send alerts. The Raspberry Pi converts the unit consumption and cost into speech to help illiterate and visually impaired users understand their usage and billing. The system aims to eliminate human involvement in electricity monitoring and help consumers track their usage remotely through a cloud-based system accessible anywhere.
This document describes an automatic meter reading system using power line communication. The system has two main sections - the consumer section and the utility section which communicate via the existing power lines. At the consumer section, a microcontroller monitors and controls power usage to prevent exceeding predetermined limits. It can also cut power to certain devices. The utility section can remotely read consumers' energy meters by sending unique addresses through the power lines. Meter readings and billing details are then displayed for the consumer. The system provides automatic and accurate electricity billing without additional infrastructure for data transmission.
This document describes an "Energy Consumption Indicator" system that monitors household energy consumption and notifies consumers when consumption reaches a predefined threshold. The system uses an Arduino Mega microcontroller connected to an energy meter circuit to continuously monitor energy usage parameters like voltage, current and power. When consumption reaches the threshold, the Arduino sends a notification via Raspberry Pi to the consumer's mobile phone using SMS. The goal is to increase consumer awareness of energy usage to help lower electricity bills and reduce excessive consumption. A prototype was built and tested that successfully sent alert messages to a phone when threshold values were reached.
This document presents a design for an IoT-based smart energy meter. Key features include:
1) The energy meter measures energy consumption and transmits readings to a cloud platform via an Arduino, ESP8266 WiFi module, and ThingSpeak. This allows for automatic remote meter reading and billing.
2) Additional features include consumption thresholds that trigger alerts and automatic power cuts, helping users monitor and reduce energy usage.
3) The smart meter is intended to address issues with traditional meters like manual readings prone to errors, lack of remote monitoring, and inability to detect transmission line faults.
The project “Design a Talking Energy Meter based on Microcontroller” is design such that whenever the usage of energy exceeds the threshold value which is set by user, it announces an alert message which was already predefined in the voice circuit. The SMS of monthly billing status is also sends on user’s mobile number which is mentioned in program.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document has been prepared related to a project of designing and implementing a single phase 230V 40A digital prepaid energy meter according to IEC standards.
IRJET- IoT based Monitoring and Controlling of Smart Speaking Energy Mete...IRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based system for monitoring and controlling a smart speaking energy meter and detecting current theft using a Raspberry Pi 3. The system measures a home's electricity consumption in units using wireless sensors and calculates the bill automatically. It sends the units used and estimated bill to the consumer's registered mobile number through a GSM module. It can also detect tampering with the meter and send alerts. The Raspberry Pi converts the unit consumption and cost into speech to help illiterate and visually impaired users understand their usage and billing. The system aims to eliminate human involvement in electricity monitoring and help consumers track their usage remotely through a cloud-based system accessible anywhere.
This document describes an automatic meter reading system using power line communication. The system has two main sections - the consumer section and the utility section which communicate via the existing power lines. At the consumer section, a microcontroller monitors and controls power usage to prevent exceeding predetermined limits. It can also cut power to certain devices. The utility section can remotely read consumers' energy meters by sending unique addresses through the power lines. Meter readings and billing details are then displayed for the consumer. The system provides automatic and accurate electricity billing without additional infrastructure for data transmission.
This document describes an "Energy Consumption Indicator" system that monitors household energy consumption and notifies consumers when consumption reaches a predefined threshold. The system uses an Arduino Mega microcontroller connected to an energy meter circuit to continuously monitor energy usage parameters like voltage, current and power. When consumption reaches the threshold, the Arduino sends a notification via Raspberry Pi to the consumer's mobile phone using SMS. The goal is to increase consumer awareness of energy usage to help lower electricity bills and reduce excessive consumption. A prototype was built and tested that successfully sent alert messages to a phone when threshold values were reached.
This document presents a design for an IoT-based smart energy meter. Key features include:
1) The energy meter measures energy consumption and transmits readings to a cloud platform via an Arduino, ESP8266 WiFi module, and ThingSpeak. This allows for automatic remote meter reading and billing.
2) Additional features include consumption thresholds that trigger alerts and automatic power cuts, helping users monitor and reduce energy usage.
3) The smart meter is intended to address issues with traditional meters like manual readings prone to errors, lack of remote monitoring, and inability to detect transmission line faults.
The project “Design a Talking Energy Meter based on Microcontroller” is design such that whenever the usage of energy exceeds the threshold value which is set by user, it announces an alert message which was already predefined in the voice circuit. The SMS of monthly billing status is also sends on user’s mobile number which is mentioned in program.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document has been prepared related to a project of designing and implementing a single phase 230V 40A digital prepaid energy meter according to IEC standards.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Dhiraj Machhindra Bhalerao to North Maharashtra University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering. The seminar topic is "POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION". The report includes a certificate from the seminar guide, a declaration by the author, acknowledgements, an abstract, and multiple chapters on topics related to power system automation including literature review, components of a power system, automation, and the status of automation in India.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
IoT Based Control and Monitoring of Smart Grid and Power Theft Detection by L...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using IoT technology to create a smart grid system for monitoring and controlling power distribution and detecting power theft. The system uses Raspberry Pi hubs connected to smart meters via Zigbee to collect power usage data from consumers and send it to the Azure cloud. This allows identifying locations of power theft by comparing total usage recorded at transformers to reported consumer usage. The system can also detect faults, notify consumers of outages or price changes, and allow excess power from solar installations to be returned to the grid.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter...paperpublications3
Abstract:Deploying an embedded technology, a wireless sensor node is designed and implemented for establishment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for automatic meter reading. The amount of power consumed by the load is extracted by passing the respective current through 1Ohm resistor. The analog voltage observed across it is digitized by employing on chip ADC of AVR Atmega 8L microcontroller. The ADC of 10 bit resolution helps to enhance preciseness in the data. Using principle of energy meter, the power consumed is determined and depicted in the terms of watts and units as well. An embedded firmware is developed by employing CodeVisionAVR, the IDE, which is dedicated for AVR family of microcontrollers. Employing an ubiquitous technology, the Zigbee technology, RF communication is established at 2.4GHz of ISM band. The Zigbee RF module is interfaced to the system and programmed by using X-CTU. Each node (End Devices) is assigned with its own ID and disseminates the data to the co-ordinator node, which is interfaced to the base station. The present wireless sensor network is operating in star technology and following IEEE 802.15.4 standards, it is operating with great reliability. The WSN is suitable for electric power distribution and control boards.
Keyword:Automatic Meter Reading, AVR Microcontroller, Embedded technology, IEEE802.15.4, WSN, Zigbee technology.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This project describes about a device, which measures the power consumed by our household devices, using IoT technology.
Final paperenhancing distribution system through the use of real time etherne...Genc Gjergjani
This document discusses enhancing distribution systems through the use of real-time Ethernet in smart grids. It proposes using modern SCADA operation with RMUs installed at key locations on feeders interfacing with communication systems for quick fault identification and control. The paper compares conventional SCADA operations to modern operations in fault identification and restoration. Conventional methods took 30-45 minutes for partial restoration after manual isolator opening, while modern methods using remote RMU opening allowed partial restoration in a very short time. The document highlights communication architectures using Ethernet TCP/IP and various communication standards used to enhance grid performance.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIRELESS SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORK FOR ENERG...ijesajournal
This document describes the design and implementation of a wireless sensor and actuator network for monitoring home energy usage. The network includes energy measurement nodes that read the energy usage of connected appliances and report readings to a central server in real-time. The server displays readings through a visual interface, allowing users to understand usage patterns and reduce energy consumption. Users can also remotely power appliances on/off through the network to control energy usage. The system was designed and tested with two measurement nodes, one central server, and communication within 15 meters to allow inexpensive home energy monitoring and control.
iirdem ADVANCING OF POWER MANAGEMENT IN HOME WITH SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY AND S...Iaetsd Iaetsd
1) The document describes a smart home energy management system that uses wireless sensor networks and ZigBee technology to monitor and control home appliances in real-time. Electrical parameters like voltage, current, and power consumption are measured.
2) The system allows flexible control of appliances based on consumer needs. Appliances can be monitored and controlled remotely or automatically based on power consumption thresholds.
3) Key features of the system include using a TRIAC circuit to control appliances without needing a microcontroller, and providing flexible control options to users for switching devices on/off according to their preferences. This allows improving consumer comfort while optimizing energy use.
This document describes a system for automating power house control using wireless communication. The system uses microcontrollers, wireless modules like Zigbee, and a web interface to remotely monitor and control power outlets. Sensors measure current and send data to a server module over Zigbee. The system can automatically cut off power if a bill is unpaid or if overload is detected. A software module with PHP, JavaScript etc. allows users to view power status on internet-connected devices. The wireless system is low-cost, low data rate, self-healing and provides energy usage information to users for power management remotely.
Design and Implementation of IOT Based Smart Power Monitoring and Management ...ijesajournal
We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.
This document summarizes a paper that discusses the shift towards more intelligent and automated medium voltage distribution networks. It presents the "Zone concept" where distribution networks are divided into zones separated by intelligent circuit breakers and switches to improve fault detection and isolation. Key nodes will be "Compact Secondary Substations" equipped with intelligent ring main units to monitor the network and restore power automatically in case of faults. These developments aim to improve power reliability and quality as renewable energy sources introduce two-way power flows into distribution networks.
Wavelet Based Analysis of Online Monitoring of Electrical Power by Mobile Tec...IJMER
Electrical automation is an important option for obtaining optimal solution while monitoring the electrical power consumption. While using the conventional methods the errors in continuous monitoring of power consumption is more. But the system requires not only the monitoring of the energy but also requires the analysis of the monitored energy. In this paper wavelet analysis is used for the analysis of the monitored energy/power which is monitored by GPRS technology. By using the GPRS mobile technology the energy consumption is monitored continuously and the observed data is interfaced to the computer by RS 232 port. By using MATLAB the monitored data is processed to obtain in depth analysis of the monitored power. The proposed method not only monitors the data but also provides efficient means to analyze the observed data by Wavelet Transform
IRJET - Smart Power Monitoring and Controlling through IoTIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart power monitoring and controlling system using IoT. The system uses sensors to monitor power consumption from appliances. It sends the power data to a cloud server using WiFi. This allows users to access the data and control appliances remotely through a mobile app. The system aims to reduce wastage by automatically turning off appliances when not in use, and allowing users to set power limits.
Final Year Project Report. (Management of Smart Electricity Grids)Jatin Pherwani
The report of my progress with the final year Design Project in one half of the semester. Design process and research findings with a few crude concepts.
IoT Based Smart Energy Meter using Raspberry Pi and Arduino Bilal Amjad
This project, design and implemented a low-cost IoT based energy monitoring system (smart energy meter) for real-time monitoring of all electrical parameters i.e. AC voltage, AC current, active power, total energy consumption, power factor, frequency, and tariff. The design is based on a low-cost PZEM-004T, using a non-invasive Current Transformer
(CT) sensors, Arduino and Raspberry pi. Electrical measurements are done by PZEM-004T and CT sensors through Arduino. Raspberry pi communicates with Arduino through serial communication to retrieve these sensor’s data and send it to the server via internet. As a result, the developed energy monitoring system can successfully record the voltage, current, active power, power factor, frequency, accumulative power consumption and tariff. Consumers will be able to
see their electricity usage and the tariff according to the energy usage in real-time through web and mobile application. In case of any fault e.g., short circuit or power supply cut off, the consumer will receive a text message on his mobile number. Moreover, consumers will be able to receive the tariff on a weekly or monthly basis.
IRJET- Hall Effect Sensor Based Digital Smart Three Phase Energy MeterIRJET Journal
The document proposes a design for a digital smart three phase energy meter that uses Hall effect sensors to measure voltage and current, an ARM microcontroller to process the sensor data and calculate power consumption parameters, and a GSM module to wirelessly transmit power usage and billing data to a user's mobile phone upon request. The proposed meter aims to improve energy management and help users better monitor and control their electricity usage. Test results showed the meter successfully measured power parameters and sent SMS messages with consumption and billing information to a user's phone when called.
Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document discusses the simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid. It describes using a Zigbee wireless communication network with an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power consumption in a home and transmit that data to a utility server. The smart meter can measure voltage, current, power usage, set a monthly budget, and send billing information via SMS. It aims to automate meter reading and billing to reduce errors and labor costs compared to traditional meters. The document outlines the methodology, including using the microcontroller to transmit power usage data via Zigbee to a receiver unit and utility for monitoring and billing.
IRJET - IoT based Smart Monitoring in Distribution SystemIRJET Journal
This document proposes an IoT-based smart monitoring system for electricity distribution. The system uses an ESP32 module connected to a smart energy meter to monitor electricity consumption. Current and voltage data are sent to the cloud for real-time viewing by the consumer and provider. It also detects power theft using a current sensor. The system aims to reduce human errors, enable remote monitoring and control of supply, and detect unauthorized electricity usage.
1) This document discusses several research papers related to continuous data acquisition algorithms for smart grids using cloud-based technologies and smart meters.
2) It summarizes papers on cloud-based smart metering systems that use standardized communication between smart meters and servers stored in the cloud to optimize energy consumption. Another paper proposes a data collection algorithm that uses energy maps and clustering to reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
3) A third paper discusses utilities using satellites to remotely collect meter data in real-time for accuracy. A final paper presents an algorithm for smart building power consumption scheduling that uses smart meters and dynamic pricing to incentivize shifting usage to low-cost time periods.
IOT-ENABLED GREEN CAMPUS ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ijesajournal
Increasing cost and demand for energy is imposing us to find smart ways to save energy. To satisfy the energy requirement and at the same time to cut down the cost, consumption of energy must be monitored and controlled. Energy consumption can be well managed with the capabilities of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper presents an architecture towards IoT-enabled Green campus Energy Management System. In the proposed system, the data acquisition module collects energy consumption information from each device and transmits it to the cloud platform for further processing and analysis. Since lighting and air conditioning appliances contribute to most of the electricity consumption in the campus environment, they have been taken as a prototype to validate the proposed architecture.
IRJET - Dynamic Domestic Energy Utility Monitoring and Management using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart domestic energy monitoring and management system using IoT. The system aims to automatically collect energy meter readings digitally and update them to an IoT server without the need for manual meter reading by utility workers. This is done using an Arduino microcontroller interfaced with energy sensors and connected to the IoT server via WiFi. The system would allow electricity usage details and billing information to be digitally communicated to homeowners. It could help make the billing process more accurate and reduce costs for the electricity department and customers.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Dhiraj Machhindra Bhalerao to North Maharashtra University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering. The seminar topic is "POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION". The report includes a certificate from the seminar guide, a declaration by the author, acknowledgements, an abstract, and multiple chapters on topics related to power system automation including literature review, components of a power system, automation, and the status of automation in India.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
IoT Based Control and Monitoring of Smart Grid and Power Theft Detection by L...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using IoT technology to create a smart grid system for monitoring and controlling power distribution and detecting power theft. The system uses Raspberry Pi hubs connected to smart meters via Zigbee to collect power usage data from consumers and send it to the Azure cloud. This allows identifying locations of power theft by comparing total usage recorded at transformers to reported consumer usage. The system can also detect faults, notify consumers of outages or price changes, and allow excess power from solar installations to be returned to the grid.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter...paperpublications3
Abstract:Deploying an embedded technology, a wireless sensor node is designed and implemented for establishment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for automatic meter reading. The amount of power consumed by the load is extracted by passing the respective current through 1Ohm resistor. The analog voltage observed across it is digitized by employing on chip ADC of AVR Atmega 8L microcontroller. The ADC of 10 bit resolution helps to enhance preciseness in the data. Using principle of energy meter, the power consumed is determined and depicted in the terms of watts and units as well. An embedded firmware is developed by employing CodeVisionAVR, the IDE, which is dedicated for AVR family of microcontrollers. Employing an ubiquitous technology, the Zigbee technology, RF communication is established at 2.4GHz of ISM band. The Zigbee RF module is interfaced to the system and programmed by using X-CTU. Each node (End Devices) is assigned with its own ID and disseminates the data to the co-ordinator node, which is interfaced to the base station. The present wireless sensor network is operating in star technology and following IEEE 802.15.4 standards, it is operating with great reliability. The WSN is suitable for electric power distribution and control boards.
Keyword:Automatic Meter Reading, AVR Microcontroller, Embedded technology, IEEE802.15.4, WSN, Zigbee technology.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This project describes about a device, which measures the power consumed by our household devices, using IoT technology.
Final paperenhancing distribution system through the use of real time etherne...Genc Gjergjani
This document discusses enhancing distribution systems through the use of real-time Ethernet in smart grids. It proposes using modern SCADA operation with RMUs installed at key locations on feeders interfacing with communication systems for quick fault identification and control. The paper compares conventional SCADA operations to modern operations in fault identification and restoration. Conventional methods took 30-45 minutes for partial restoration after manual isolator opening, while modern methods using remote RMU opening allowed partial restoration in a very short time. The document highlights communication architectures using Ethernet TCP/IP and various communication standards used to enhance grid performance.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIRELESS SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORK FOR ENERG...ijesajournal
This document describes the design and implementation of a wireless sensor and actuator network for monitoring home energy usage. The network includes energy measurement nodes that read the energy usage of connected appliances and report readings to a central server in real-time. The server displays readings through a visual interface, allowing users to understand usage patterns and reduce energy consumption. Users can also remotely power appliances on/off through the network to control energy usage. The system was designed and tested with two measurement nodes, one central server, and communication within 15 meters to allow inexpensive home energy monitoring and control.
iirdem ADVANCING OF POWER MANAGEMENT IN HOME WITH SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY AND S...Iaetsd Iaetsd
1) The document describes a smart home energy management system that uses wireless sensor networks and ZigBee technology to monitor and control home appliances in real-time. Electrical parameters like voltage, current, and power consumption are measured.
2) The system allows flexible control of appliances based on consumer needs. Appliances can be monitored and controlled remotely or automatically based on power consumption thresholds.
3) Key features of the system include using a TRIAC circuit to control appliances without needing a microcontroller, and providing flexible control options to users for switching devices on/off according to their preferences. This allows improving consumer comfort while optimizing energy use.
This document describes a system for automating power house control using wireless communication. The system uses microcontrollers, wireless modules like Zigbee, and a web interface to remotely monitor and control power outlets. Sensors measure current and send data to a server module over Zigbee. The system can automatically cut off power if a bill is unpaid or if overload is detected. A software module with PHP, JavaScript etc. allows users to view power status on internet-connected devices. The wireless system is low-cost, low data rate, self-healing and provides energy usage information to users for power management remotely.
Design and Implementation of IOT Based Smart Power Monitoring and Management ...ijesajournal
We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.
This document summarizes a paper that discusses the shift towards more intelligent and automated medium voltage distribution networks. It presents the "Zone concept" where distribution networks are divided into zones separated by intelligent circuit breakers and switches to improve fault detection and isolation. Key nodes will be "Compact Secondary Substations" equipped with intelligent ring main units to monitor the network and restore power automatically in case of faults. These developments aim to improve power reliability and quality as renewable energy sources introduce two-way power flows into distribution networks.
Wavelet Based Analysis of Online Monitoring of Electrical Power by Mobile Tec...IJMER
Electrical automation is an important option for obtaining optimal solution while monitoring the electrical power consumption. While using the conventional methods the errors in continuous monitoring of power consumption is more. But the system requires not only the monitoring of the energy but also requires the analysis of the monitored energy. In this paper wavelet analysis is used for the analysis of the monitored energy/power which is monitored by GPRS technology. By using the GPRS mobile technology the energy consumption is monitored continuously and the observed data is interfaced to the computer by RS 232 port. By using MATLAB the monitored data is processed to obtain in depth analysis of the monitored power. The proposed method not only monitors the data but also provides efficient means to analyze the observed data by Wavelet Transform
IRJET - Smart Power Monitoring and Controlling through IoTIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart power monitoring and controlling system using IoT. The system uses sensors to monitor power consumption from appliances. It sends the power data to a cloud server using WiFi. This allows users to access the data and control appliances remotely through a mobile app. The system aims to reduce wastage by automatically turning off appliances when not in use, and allowing users to set power limits.
Final Year Project Report. (Management of Smart Electricity Grids)Jatin Pherwani
The report of my progress with the final year Design Project in one half of the semester. Design process and research findings with a few crude concepts.
IoT Based Smart Energy Meter using Raspberry Pi and Arduino Bilal Amjad
This project, design and implemented a low-cost IoT based energy monitoring system (smart energy meter) for real-time monitoring of all electrical parameters i.e. AC voltage, AC current, active power, total energy consumption, power factor, frequency, and tariff. The design is based on a low-cost PZEM-004T, using a non-invasive Current Transformer
(CT) sensors, Arduino and Raspberry pi. Electrical measurements are done by PZEM-004T and CT sensors through Arduino. Raspberry pi communicates with Arduino through serial communication to retrieve these sensor’s data and send it to the server via internet. As a result, the developed energy monitoring system can successfully record the voltage, current, active power, power factor, frequency, accumulative power consumption and tariff. Consumers will be able to
see their electricity usage and the tariff according to the energy usage in real-time through web and mobile application. In case of any fault e.g., short circuit or power supply cut off, the consumer will receive a text message on his mobile number. Moreover, consumers will be able to receive the tariff on a weekly or monthly basis.
IRJET- Hall Effect Sensor Based Digital Smart Three Phase Energy MeterIRJET Journal
The document proposes a design for a digital smart three phase energy meter that uses Hall effect sensors to measure voltage and current, an ARM microcontroller to process the sensor data and calculate power consumption parameters, and a GSM module to wirelessly transmit power usage and billing data to a user's mobile phone upon request. The proposed meter aims to improve energy management and help users better monitor and control their electricity usage. Test results showed the meter successfully measured power parameters and sent SMS messages with consumption and billing information to a user's phone when called.
Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document discusses the simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid. It describes using a Zigbee wireless communication network with an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power consumption in a home and transmit that data to a utility server. The smart meter can measure voltage, current, power usage, set a monthly budget, and send billing information via SMS. It aims to automate meter reading and billing to reduce errors and labor costs compared to traditional meters. The document outlines the methodology, including using the microcontroller to transmit power usage data via Zigbee to a receiver unit and utility for monitoring and billing.
IRJET - IoT based Smart Monitoring in Distribution SystemIRJET Journal
This document proposes an IoT-based smart monitoring system for electricity distribution. The system uses an ESP32 module connected to a smart energy meter to monitor electricity consumption. Current and voltage data are sent to the cloud for real-time viewing by the consumer and provider. It also detects power theft using a current sensor. The system aims to reduce human errors, enable remote monitoring and control of supply, and detect unauthorized electricity usage.
1) This document discusses several research papers related to continuous data acquisition algorithms for smart grids using cloud-based technologies and smart meters.
2) It summarizes papers on cloud-based smart metering systems that use standardized communication between smart meters and servers stored in the cloud to optimize energy consumption. Another paper proposes a data collection algorithm that uses energy maps and clustering to reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
3) A third paper discusses utilities using satellites to remotely collect meter data in real-time for accuracy. A final paper presents an algorithm for smart building power consumption scheduling that uses smart meters and dynamic pricing to incentivize shifting usage to low-cost time periods.
IOT-ENABLED GREEN CAMPUS ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ijesajournal
Increasing cost and demand for energy is imposing us to find smart ways to save energy. To satisfy the energy requirement and at the same time to cut down the cost, consumption of energy must be monitored and controlled. Energy consumption can be well managed with the capabilities of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper presents an architecture towards IoT-enabled Green campus Energy Management System. In the proposed system, the data acquisition module collects energy consumption information from each device and transmits it to the cloud platform for further processing and analysis. Since lighting and air conditioning appliances contribute to most of the electricity consumption in the campus environment, they have been taken as a prototype to validate the proposed architecture.
IRJET - Dynamic Domestic Energy Utility Monitoring and Management using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart domestic energy monitoring and management system using IoT. The system aims to automatically collect energy meter readings digitally and update them to an IoT server without the need for manual meter reading by utility workers. This is done using an Arduino microcontroller interfaced with energy sensors and connected to the IoT server via WiFi. The system would allow electricity usage details and billing information to be digitally communicated to homeowners. It could help make the billing process more accurate and reduce costs for the electricity department and customers.
IRJET - Intelligent Energy Monitoring System using Web AccessIRJET Journal
This document describes an intelligent energy monitoring system that uses web access to optimize energy usage. The system collects energy consumption data from homes and businesses using sensors connected to a NodeMCU microcontroller. The NodeMCU transmits the data via WiFi to a central server. The server analyzes the data using ThingSpeak analytics to generate detailed reports and visualizations of energy usage. This allows users to better manage their home energy usage. The system aims to reduce energy wastage, avoid power theft, and minimize the need for manual data collection from energy meters.
IRJET- Design and Implement Mechanism for Efficient Energy Meter using IoTIRJET Journal
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1) Traditional electromechanical meters have issues like drift over time and temperature that digital smart meters improve on. Smart meters allow for automated and remote reading to improve efficiency.
2) Advanced Metering Infrastructure involves integrating smart meters, communication networks, and data management systems to allow two-way communication between utilities and customers. This enables features like time-of-use pricing and remote service disconnects.
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A COGNITIVE ENERGY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
1. International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks (IJP2P) Vol.5, No.2, May 2014
DOI : 10.5121/ijp2p.2014.5201 1
A COGNITIVE ENERGY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
SANUKRISHNAN S.B.
PG SCHOLAR, ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION DEPT.
HINDUSTHAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE.
ABSTRACT
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
KEYWORDS
AMR, Arduino, Dynamic tariff, Energy monitoring, Touch screen.
1. INTRODUCTION
India have 228.722 GW capacity electricity distribution system, which is World's 5th largest. Total
expenditure in this section is about 12.58 trillion rupees and it is very sad to realize that more than
90% of energy that is used for electricity production is being wasted. This occurs during
production, transmission, and consumption in many ways. More over energy theft is becoming a
common practice. Also we saw that power failure affected more than 300 million people in Punjab,
Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan states on 30th July 2012. All these
statistics means that India is lacking a strong energy distribution and monitoring system.
This paper presents the design of energy monitoring system with an interactive meter. It is
associated with GPRS, Power line communication, and web interface for automating billing and
monitoring. It replaces traditional meter reading methods and enables remote access of existing
energy meter by the energy provider. Also they can monitor the meter readings regularly without
the person visiting each house.
Arduino board is used as the processing unit in the energy meter. It is a single-board
microcontroller to make using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible. The
2. International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks (IJP2P) Vol.5, No.2, May 2014
2
hardware consists of an open-source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR
microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. The software consists of a standard programming
language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the microcontroller. Arduino boards can be
purchased pre-assembled or as do-it-yourself kits.
Power line is used as the communication medium. PLC carries data on a conductor that is also used
simultaneously for AC electric power transmission or electric power distribution to consumers. It
is also known as power line carrier, Power Line Digital Subscriber Line (PDSL), mains
communication, power line telecommunications, or Power Line Networking (PLN). A wide range
of power line communication technologies are needed for different applications, ranging from
home automation to Internet access which is often called Broadband over Power Lines (BPL).
Most PLC technologies limit themselves to one type of wires (such as premises wiring within a
single building), but some can cross between two levels (for example, both the distribution network
and premises wiring). Typically transformers prevent propagating the signal, which requires
multiple technologies to form very large networks. Various data rates and frequencies are used in
different situations.
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Figure 1 shows the complete structure of the proposed system. A number of energy meters that can
communicate with a coordinator through power line are present. Coordinator collects the readings
from meters as well as it act according to the instructions from the controlling station. Actions
include connecting and disconnecting loads, displaying tariffs etc. number of coordinators in a
system is determined by the number of customers and the geometrical distance. Coordinators
update all the readings in the internet, which can be instantaneously monitored in the controlling
station. Power consumption of individual users and their history will be available here. Instant
billing and disconnection/connection of users are also available. Entire system mainly consists of
following sections and features.
Figure.1 Block Diagram of complete system
3. International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks (IJP2P) Vol.5, No.2, May 2014
3
2.1. Metering Module
Each metering module consists of a metering IC, a microcontroller, Real Time Clock (RTC) and a
touch screen. Metering IC will generate the pulses according to the power consumption. This will
be processed by the microcontroller and stored in a SD card. Touch screen makes the system more
interactive and usable. It is capable of displaying the power consumption per day, per week as well
as per month. It can display the statistics in a bar graph, which makes the user analysis the power
consumption easily. All the notices and information from the government such as power cut
schedule, billing date reminder etc. Power line modem will modify the communication signals and
transmit/receive the required information.
2.2. Coordinator
A number of meters are connected to a single coordinator through PLC. Each coordinator will have
a GPRS modem to get connected to the internet. An additional meter present here will calculate the
total power distributing to that particular area, and the coordinator compare this reading to the sum
of individual meters to detect energy theft. Number of meters that can get connected to a single
coordinator depends on the distance and physical conditions of that area. Group of a coordinator
and meters can be called as a cluster.
2.3. Server and Management System
This is the centralized controlling part. All dates will be updated here. Unit is located at the
Electricity Board. The officers can easily view, analyze and control each individual meters. Even
the connection and disconnection can be dome remotely. Individual profiles will be there for each
consumer. The customers can do online payment and other options.
2.4. Energy Theft Detection
Use of auxiliary meters allows us to detect the energy theft. The coordinator compares the auxiliary
meter reading and the sum of other meter readings to make a conclusion. If these readings match
approximately, that indicates no theft. The same system can be used to find out the energy losses.
Sub meters can also include if necessary. Figure.2 depicts the energy theft detection concept.
Figure.2 Energy theft detection.
4. International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks (IJP2P) Vol.5, No.2, May 2014
4
2.5. Critical and Non Critical Load Separation
The entire load in each destination is separated into two-critical and non-critical. This system has
the ability to control these loads independently. Very low power devices can be connected to
critical loads such as CFL lamps. During the power shutdown, the critical loads can be remained on
so that the basic requirements of user will get satisfied without any burden to the electricity board.
2.6. Real Time Dynamic Tariff
Since the load requirement is not balanced and randomly varying, and the production is almost
fixed, the government may have to borrow or lease electricity. The entire grid system should be
balanced so as to ensure a stable distribution system. Since we have a continuous interaction with
the meter, tariffs can be varied instantaneously and can be displayed in the meter. When the
demand is high, tariff will be more and more consumers try to reduce consumption and vice versa.
This increases the stability, and the grid should be balanced. For example powering on a mixer
grinder at the night, which is the peak time, rather than the less requirement time in a home is not
advisable.
2.7. Demand Analysis and Prediction
Since all the statistics such as time based, area based, season based are available, and the load
requirements in the upcoming can be easily approximated by statistical method. This makes the
distribution system more reliable and stable.
3. HARDWARE DESIGN
Entire hardware section can be sub divided into two- design of meter and design of coordinator.
Each cluster consists of a coordinator and a number of meters. Number of clusters defines the
system.
3.1. Design of Energy Meter
An Arduino Mega developer board is used as the main part of meter’s prototype. In addition to that
a TFT screen with touch screen from ITEAD Studio is used. A PLC modem should also be
interfaced for the complete functionality.
5. International Journal of Peer to Peer Networks (IJP2P) Vol.5, No.2, May 2014
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Figure.3 Arduino Mega
The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins, 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator,
a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed
to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a
AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega is compatible with most shields designed for
the Arduino Duemilanove or Diecimila.
I have used an ITEAD 2.8 TFT LCD touch shield. 2.8'' TFT Touch Shield is an Arduino UNO/
Mega compatible multi coloured TFT display with a touch-screen and SD card socket. It is
available in an Arduino shield compatible pin out for attachment. The TFT driver is based on
ILI9325DS with 8bit data and 4bit control interface. It can work with both 3.3V and 5V, so it can
display on Chipkit UNO32 and Simple cortex as well.
Figure.4 ITEAD TFT LCD touch shield
User touch screen is designed with 6 main screens. The welcome screen will get opened when the
system get switched on. It is shown in Figure.5. Home screen will come automatically after a few
seconds and it display the energy consumption per day per week and per month as in figure 6.
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Figure.5 Welcome screen Figure.6. Home Screen
Figure.7. View screen Figure.8 Notice screen
Figure.9About screen
View screen includes the statistics of the entire month. It shows the day by day statistics of the
energy consumption. According to the amount consumed, the bar graph will obtain corresponding
colours. This makes the analysis so easy. Green indicates low, yellow indicates medium and red
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indicates high power consumption. Figure.7 shows the view screen. Any messages from the
authority will be displayed in the notice screen as in Figure.8. This can be used as a reminder for
billing, information about the power cuts, etc. About screen showed in Figure.9 includes the
product details.
3.2 Design of Coordinator
Coordinator is the central part of the system. It reads the meters regularly and updates the data in to
internet. This includes a microcontroller, Real time clock, FSK Modulator and demodulator,
MUX/DEMUX circuit, Amplifier, Isolator circuit, LCD and GSM/GPRS module. Figure.5 shows
the complete schematic.
Figure. 5 schematic of main section
Atmega 8 is used as the microcontroller, which is High-performance, Low-power 8-bit
Microcontroller with Advanced RISC Architecture. An RTC is interfaced with Atmega 8 by I2C
protocol. RTC counts seconds, minutes, hours, date of the month, month, day of the week, and year
with leap-year compensation valid up to 2100.The RTC selected here is DS1307 .It is low cost,
easy to solder, and can run for years on a very small coin cell (3V CMOS battery) which runs
continuously even in power failure.
The UART data can’t be connected to the AC lines directly for power line communication. It
should be modulated, amplified and isolated. The Tx pin of the microcontroller is directly
connected to the modulator input. CD4046 is the IC used. It has 2 phase discriminators and one
VCO. Figure.6 and Figure.7 shows FSK modulator and demodulator.
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Figure.6 FSK Modulator Figure.7 FSK Demodulator
Figure.8 MUX/ DEMUX circuit
Atmega8 is having only one UART, but we have to communicate to the power line as well as the
GPRS module. This can be achieved by multiplexing. Use of a buffer 74HC125 allows this. The
control/ enable signal control the direction and via of flow of signal. Figure.8 shows a simple
implementation of mux/demux using buffer. U1A and U1B act as the demux and U1c and U1D as
the mux. Switch will generate the control signal for the buffers. MUXed output will be available at
the node U1D(Y).
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4. PLC ALGORITHM AND PROTOCOL
Certain set of conditions and rules should be obeyed for establishing a reliable power line
communication and an efficient monitoring system. Figure.9 shows the Power Line Communication
Protocol used.
Figure.9 Power Line Communication Protocol
1.[MeterID]+CONNECT : Informs the meter with id “MeterID” that the coordinator is trying to
get
connect.
2.[MeterID]+OK : Conformation signal from the meter that it is ready for a conversation.
If the coordinator didn’t get this conformation even after some duration it will resent the first
message and hear for the conformation. If it fail even at its maximum retry limit it will report that
the corresponding meter is out of order.
3. [MeterID]+READING : Request to get the reading.
4. [MeterID]+VALUE : Here the “value” will be the corresponding meter reading.
5. [MeterID]+TEMP : Request to resent the reading.
Meter will sent the reading again (the reading stored in buffer while sending the previous
message).if meter readings didn’t match last 3 steps will be repeated up to a certain value. If it fails
all the time, coordinator will inform us that the corresponding meter is malfunctioning. This entire
algorithm implemented to establish the protocol described in Figure.9. In addition to that, the
Display is getting updated always. Note that this includes the algorithm only for the
communication side.Figure.10 and Figure.11 shows the algorithm used in meter and coordinator.
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Figure.10 Algorithm for Meter
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Figure.11 Algorithm for Coordinator
Meter readings will be displayed continuously on the touch screen as in the figureure 6. At the
same time it responds to the coordinator. It will check for connect/disconnect request from the
coordinator and take necessary actions. If no such requests are pending it check for meter reading
request. Meter reading is sent twice as the response to [METER ID]+READING and [METER
ID]+ TEMP. This will repeat forever.
Algorithm of coordinator is little complex here, because it is the master and it should start all the
communications. ‘Try’ and ‘attempt’ are the integers used to represent the number of tries it take to
get connected to the meter and number of times it waits for a correct reading. When these values
exceed some threshold value, the coordinator will report this to the controlling station. Otherwise it
can simply connect and read the accurate reading from the meter.
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5. RESULTS
All the part of communication algorithm is successfully verified by the simulation. Error
conditions are intentionally made in the coding to check the complete functionality. Also Arduino
board is successfully interfaced with the TFT touch shield. Proper data are displayed and touch is
captured successfully.
Figure.5 to figure.9 shows the outputs obtained from the arduino touch screen shield. Simulated
result of the protocol is shown in the following figurers. The LCD is located at the coordinator and
the microcontroller and loads are present at the meter side.
i) Disconnecting all loads
ii) Connecting critical loads
iii) Connecting all loads
iv) Connecting to meter100
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v) Taking reading from meter100
vi) Verifying reading
vii) When readings match
viii) When readings mismatch and 3rd
try fails
ix) When meter doesn’t respond and 3rd attempt fails
6. CONCLUSIONS
Arduino uno has sufficient processing speed for manipulating displaying data. It plotted even bar
graph without significant delay. Code size can also be accommodated by 32kb flash of Arduino
Uno. But all the pins are used by the touch screen shield, which disable further improvements.
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Arduino Mega will be the perfect choice.
Power line communication protocols works perfectly under simulation. It is capable for the
reactions towards the network. Since FSK is used, the data transfer rate is limited to a rate of 9600
bps.
7. FUTURE WORKS
This same system can be extended for the purpose of water supply monitoring and gas monitoring.
Without any significant changes in the hardware, this can be achieved. Software that can run in a
personal computer can increase the efficiency of the system.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to thank the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, HIT,
Coimbatore for providing laboratory facilities and opportunity for experimental setup.
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Authors
Mr. Sanukrishnan S.B. Pursuing M.E. in VLSI Design and Embedded Systems, from
Hindusthan Institute of Technology, Coimbatore under Anna University, Chennai. He Received
B.Tech degree from Kannur university in Electronics and Communicatioin Engineering in 2012
with ‘Honours’ certificate. He is currently an intern in Ulive Embedded solutions, Coimbatore.
He is selected as the ‘Best Engineer’ by the technical competition conducted by CITV Vadakara,
and got many prizes for the event line follower. His interests include automation, energy
consumption and robotics.