4. concrete and building block

CONCRETE
Concrete is a composite material in which a binding material mixed in water on
solidification binds the inert particles of well graded fine and coarse aggregates.
Cement and lime are generally used as binding materials, whereas sand cinder
is used as fine aggregates and crushed stones, gravel, broken bricks, clinkers
are used as coarse aggregates.
TYPES OF CONCRETE AND ITS USES
Concrete are classified into different types:
1. According to binding material used in concrete.
2. According to design of concrete.
3. According to purpose of concrete.
TYPES OF CONCRETE AND ITS USES
CLASSIFICATIONACCORDINGTO BINDING MATERIAL:
According to binding material used concrete are classified into two types
(1) Cement
(2) lime concrete

CEMENT CONCRETE
The concrete consisting of cement, sand and coarse aggregates mixed in a
suitable proportions in addition to water is called cement concrete. In this
type of concrete cement is used as a binding material, sand as fine
aggregates and gravel, crushed stones as coarse aggregates.
USES
cement concrete is commonly used in buildings and other important
engineering works where strength and durability is of prime importance.
LIME CONCRETE
The concrete consisting of lime, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates
mixed in a suitable proportions with water is called lime concrete. In this type
of concrete hydraulic lime is generally used as a binding material, sand and
cinder are used as fine aggregates and broken bricks, gravel can be used as
coarse aggregates.
USES
Lime concrete is generally used for the sake of economy in foundation works,
under floors, over roof and where cement is not cheaply and easily available in
required quantity.

1) Plain cement concrete.
2) Reinforced cement concrete(RCC).
3) Pre-stressed cement concrete(PCC).
PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE
The cement concrete in which no reinforcement is provided is called plain cement
concrete or mass cement concrete. This type of concrete is strong in taking
compressive stresses but weak in taking tensile stresses. USES: Plain cement
concrete is commonly used in for foundation work and flooring of buildings.
REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE(RCC)
The cement concrete in which reinforcement is embedded for taking tensile stress
is called reinforced cement concrete. In this type of concrete the steel
reinforcement is to be used generally in the form of round bars,6mm to 32mm
dig. This concrete is equally strong in taking tensile, compressive and shear
stresses.

USES
RCC is commonly used for construction of slabs, beams, columns, foundation,
precast concrete.
PRE-STRESSED CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC)
The cement concrete in which high compressive stresses are artificially induced
before their actual use is called pre-stresses cement concrete. in this type of
cement concrete, the high compressive stresses are induced by pre-tensioning
the reinforcement before placing the concrete, and the reinforcement is released
when final setting of the concrete take place.
Uses :
This concrete can take up high tensile and compressive stresses without
development of cracks . The quantity of reinforcement can be considerably
reduced by using this concrete.

• Ingredients used in concrete are:
– Portland Cement
– Course Aggregate
– Fine Aggregate
– Water
– Admixtures (optional)
• Concrete constituents:
• Mixture of aggregate and paste
• Paste 30 to 40%
• Portland cement 7% to 15% by Vol.
• Water 14% to 21% by Vol.

• Aggregates 60% to 70%
• Coarse aggregates
• Fine aggregates
• Admixtures
• Concrete Properties
 Versatile
 Pliable when mixed
 Strong & Durable
 Does not Rust or Rot
 Does Not Need a Coating
 Resists Fire

• A concrete masonry unit (CMU) – also called concrete
brick, concrete block, cement block, besser block, breeze
block and cinder block – is a large rectangular bricks used
in construction.
OR
• (Building) a block of stone or other material, larger than a brick
, used in building

• Greatly Reduced Construction cost
• Reduced maintenance costs
• Extremely durable
• Energy sever
• Design flexibility
• Repels Insects
• Resist Natural Disasters
• Fire Resistant
• Unaffected by Extreme Temperatures
• Sound and Air Insulated
• Different Finishes

• Water Seepage
• Unattractive Look
• Cost of Block
Uses
Building blocks are used in foundation walls, basement walls, exterior walls,
and for cavity wall construction.

4. concrete and building block

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