This document provides an overview of the topic of ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development). It begins by defining key terms like ICT4D, developing countries, and development paradigms. It then covers foundations of ICT4D including infrastructure requirements, stakeholders, and measures of the digital divide. The document outlines steps for implementing ICT4D strategies and projects and discusses niches for alternative ICT4D tools. Specific examples of ICT4D initiatives in sectors like health, agriculture, education, and governance are also provided.
The document discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) can support national development goals through ICT services and e-citizen solutions. It outlines the ICT environment and challenges of ICT services design. Key points discussed include how ICT can impact socioeconomic development, the Philippines' development agenda that ICT aims to support, and ICT decision imperatives around principles, architecture, infrastructure, applications, investment, and governance. Examples of e-citizen solutions presented are e-government, e-commerce, and social networks.
ICT and Development: Does access to advanced ICT benefit the poor?Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
The document discusses several key topics related to ICT and development:
1. It outlines definitions of ICT and development, noting that ICT can facilitate information creation, storage, management and dissemination, as well as communication.
2. It describes different types of ICT projects focused on areas like e-government, e-learning, e-health, and their potential benefits. The majority of projects in the Philippines are focused on e-governance.
3. It discusses barriers to effective ICT for development projects, including a lack of documented outcomes, a focus on technical deployment over development impacts, and a lack of incentives to report on project failures.
This document provides an introduction to information technology concepts including:
- Information is data that is communicated, understood, relevant, and useful. Information technology applies computers and networks to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data.
- A computer is a programmable device that receives input, processes and stores data, and provides useful output. Computers consist of hardware, software, and human users. The Von Neumann model includes a central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and stored programs.
- Information technology impacts society through applications like e-learning, social media, simulations, video conferencing and more. It also allows businesses to view market changes faster and improve efficiency through applications and data management.
This document provides an overview of information technology. It begins by defining information technology as the study of engineering computer applications to support organization operations. It then outlines some basics of information technology, including definitions of computers, communication technology, computer components and characteristics, different types of memory and storage, and classifications of software. The document also discusses applications of information technology and societal impacts. It provides details on topics like magnetic and optical storage media, characteristics of computers, and components of a computer system.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on information technology fundamentals. It defines information and technology, explains how IT encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information. The lecture discusses the various forms information can take, provides a historical perspective on important developments in IT, and outlines how IT has impacted daily life and the economy. It also reviews the benefits and costs of information technology.
Modern communication technologies have vastly improved how information is shared. In the past, communication was only possible through letters, which could take weeks to be delivered. Now, people can communicate instantly through technologies like phones, email, video calls, and social media. Many farming communities now use WhatsApp groups, YouTube videos, and Facebook to exchange information and get answers from experts in real-time. These modern communication tools have transformed how farmers access important updates and resources.
Information Technologies are systems of hardware and/or software that capture, process, exchange, store and/or present information using electrical, magnetic and/or electromagnetic energy.
IT or information Technologies are playing wide role in daily life
The document discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) can support national development goals through ICT services and e-citizen solutions. It outlines the ICT environment and challenges of ICT services design. Key points discussed include how ICT can impact socioeconomic development, the Philippines' development agenda that ICT aims to support, and ICT decision imperatives around principles, architecture, infrastructure, applications, investment, and governance. Examples of e-citizen solutions presented are e-government, e-commerce, and social networks.
ICT and Development: Does access to advanced ICT benefit the poor?Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
The document discusses several key topics related to ICT and development:
1. It outlines definitions of ICT and development, noting that ICT can facilitate information creation, storage, management and dissemination, as well as communication.
2. It describes different types of ICT projects focused on areas like e-government, e-learning, e-health, and their potential benefits. The majority of projects in the Philippines are focused on e-governance.
3. It discusses barriers to effective ICT for development projects, including a lack of documented outcomes, a focus on technical deployment over development impacts, and a lack of incentives to report on project failures.
This document provides an introduction to information technology concepts including:
- Information is data that is communicated, understood, relevant, and useful. Information technology applies computers and networks to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data.
- A computer is a programmable device that receives input, processes and stores data, and provides useful output. Computers consist of hardware, software, and human users. The Von Neumann model includes a central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and stored programs.
- Information technology impacts society through applications like e-learning, social media, simulations, video conferencing and more. It also allows businesses to view market changes faster and improve efficiency through applications and data management.
This document provides an overview of information technology. It begins by defining information technology as the study of engineering computer applications to support organization operations. It then outlines some basics of information technology, including definitions of computers, communication technology, computer components and characteristics, different types of memory and storage, and classifications of software. The document also discusses applications of information technology and societal impacts. It provides details on topics like magnetic and optical storage media, characteristics of computers, and components of a computer system.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on information technology fundamentals. It defines information and technology, explains how IT encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information. The lecture discusses the various forms information can take, provides a historical perspective on important developments in IT, and outlines how IT has impacted daily life and the economy. It also reviews the benefits and costs of information technology.
Modern communication technologies have vastly improved how information is shared. In the past, communication was only possible through letters, which could take weeks to be delivered. Now, people can communicate instantly through technologies like phones, email, video calls, and social media. Many farming communities now use WhatsApp groups, YouTube videos, and Facebook to exchange information and get answers from experts in real-time. These modern communication tools have transformed how farmers access important updates and resources.
Information Technologies are systems of hardware and/or software that capture, process, exchange, store and/or present information using electrical, magnetic and/or electromagnetic energy.
IT or information Technologies are playing wide role in daily life
The impact of information technology on society, explores how technology has affected areas of business, law enforcement and even the home. Created for CAPE information technology unit 2 by S. Bloomfield
Information technology and its impact on societyArijeet Dutta
1) Information technology refers to the use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data.
2) IT and society are rapidly co-evolving in surprising ways, with each changing the other. Increased digitization of social interactions allows new ways of gathering and synthesizing previously disconnected information.
3) IT impacts many aspects of daily life including education, healthcare, business, governance, and transportation. It has created new jobs but also contributed to job losses through outsourcing. While enhancing communication, it also enables privacy and security concerns if not managed carefully.
IOT is connecting every physical object in the world using wireless technologies to track and control them from every where in the world...Every object is uniquely identified using ip addresses(IPv6)
An information system is a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure, and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, decision making in an organization. There are several types of information systems including executive support systems, management information systems, decision support systems, knowledge management systems, transaction processing systems, and office automation systems. The five basic components of an information system are hardware, software, data, procedures, and people.
This document provides an introduction to information and communication technology (ICT). It discusses the evolution of computers from first to fifth generation technologies and how ICT has changed lives and society. The document notes that ICT allows information processing and sharing from anywhere at any time using electronics, computers and communication devices. It also discusses how ICT has impacted the Philippines by highlighting statistics on cellphone and internet usage and employment in ICT sectors. Finally, it includes questions to interview a local business owner about their use of and perspectives on ICT.
This document provides an overview of information technology, including its history, present role, hardware and software components, advantages and disadvantages, and benefits. It traces the development of IT from the 1960s-1970s when the term was first used in banks and hospitals for data storage, to the 1980s introduction of personal computers and the information age. Modern IT involves interconnected networks and remote data storage. While facilitating information delivery and global business, advances in IT also enable access to inappropriate content and illicit transactions, so its impacts must be managed carefully.
This document discusses information and communication technology (ICT) and its impact on society. ICT is defined as the use of electronic devices and software to store, process, transmit and retrieve information. The document then covers the evolution of computers through different generations. It discusses how ICT is used in education, banking, industry and e-commerce. It also compares computerized and non-computerized systems. The document outlines some impacts of ICT on society such as faster communication, social problems, lower costs and effective sharing of information. It discusses computer ethics, intellectual property, privacy and cyber law. Security threats to computers like malicious code and hacking are also mentioned.
ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through communications and involves the use of computers and digital networks to store, retrieve, share, and manipulate information. The document discusses how ICT has evolved from early communication methods like drums to modern technologies like computers and the internet. It provides examples of how ICT is used in various aspects of everyday life such as education, banking, industry, and e-commerce to disseminate information and enhance communication.
information and communication technologyAmudha Mony
The document discusses information and communication technology (ICT). ICT refers to all technologies used for telecommunications, broadcast media, building management systems, audiovisual systems, and network-based control functions. ICT includes both information technology and digital communication technologies. Digital communication technologies allow people and organizations to communicate and share information digitally through tools like email, social media, and collaboration software. The document provides examples of different types of ICT like computers, networks, and digital communication tools and discusses how ICT can promote social change and development when applied strategically.
This document provides an overview of the history and present state of the Indian information technology sector. It discusses four periods in the history of IT: premechanical, mechanical, electromechanical, and electronic. It then outlines the major services provided by the IT sector today, including custom application development and infrastructure management. Finally, it notes that the IT sector in India has grown significantly in recent years and is expected to become an $80 billion industry by 2011, representing one of the fastest growing sectors in the country.
E-governance involves using information technology to make governance more efficient, transparent and accessible. It was first introduced in the US in 1999 and has since been implemented worldwide with varying degrees of success. The top five countries for e-governance are Sweden, Denmark, Norway, the US and the Netherlands. India has also undertaken initiatives like Mission 2007 and e-Suvidha to connect villages and provide online services. E-governance can reduce costs, increase convenience and accessibility but also faces challenges from lack of infrastructure, skills and integration between government departments.
The document provides an overview of e-governance including:
1. Definitions of e-governance, its components, types of interactions, and benefits.
2. Challenges specific to implementing e-governance in India such as lack of integrated services, population size, and multiple languages.
3. The relevance of e-governance to India in providing transparent, citizen-centric, and efficient governance. National initiatives have included computerizing customs documentation.
Innovation and Information Technology (IT)Marlaina Love
The document discusses innovation in information technology. It defines innovation as the process of creating something new that has value. It then explores drivers of innovation like financial pressures and changing customer expectations. The document outlines different types of innovation like products, processes, and business models. It argues that innovation is important for company stability, providing better goods and services at lower costs, and ensuring companies can adapt to changes. The document concludes by giving examples of innovations in fields like education, healthcare, and hospitality that are enabled by information technology.
ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through digital means, such as computers, software, internet, telephones and more. It allows for information processing and transmission anywhere at any time. ICT is used in many aspects of everyday life including education, banking, industry and e-commerce where it provides benefits like interactive learning experiences, faster transactions, increased production and easier online shopping. Computerized systems differ from non-computerized ones in being more interesting, depending on technology rather than people, and allowing for round-the-clock operations and global e-commerce. While ICT brings benefits, it also introduces some problems and requires management through computer ethics, intellectual property laws, and cyber laws to address issues like privacy, online
This presentation discusses the history and impact of information technology. It begins by defining IT and its history, separating it into four main ages from premechanical to electronic. These ages trace the evolution of technologies from early writing systems and counting devices to modern computers. The presentation then defines the IT revolution as the changes brought by IT in fields like education, work, medicine, culture and the environment. Both advantages like access to information and disadvantages like information overload are discussed for each area. In conclusion, the presentation states that India is poised for a digital revolution.
- Cybersecurity refers to protecting information and communication systems from cyberattacks. It has become an important issue as technology has become ubiquitous and critical infrastructure increasingly relies on interconnected systems.
- Managing cybersecurity risk involves addressing threats, vulnerabilities, and potential impacts. Threats can come from criminals, spies, hackers or activists. Vulnerabilities are ways systems can be attacked. Impacts range from minor disruptions to significant effects on national security and the economy if critical infrastructure is compromised.
- The federal government works to secure its own systems and help protect non-federal systems and critical infrastructure. Congress is considering legislation to improve information sharing, cybersecurity workforce training, and protection of critical infrastructure. However, long-term challenges
This document discusses the scope of information technology (IT) in the IT sector. It begins by defining IT and explaining why it is an expanding field with opportunities for many types of people. It then outlines some of the major career paths and industries that utilize IT, such as banks, hospitals, and education. It also lists some of the top-paying IT jobs and largest global IT companies. The document discusses both successes and failures in the field. It explores future applications of IT and how machine intelligence is developing. In conclusion, it emphasizes that IT offers many job opportunities for graduates in areas like software and hardware development.
E-governance in the Philippines refers to the use of information and communication technologies by government agencies to transform relationships with citizens, businesses, and other government entities to improve service delivery. In 2007, the Philippines was ranked 17th among 191 countries in terms of quality of government websites and use of ICT tools, and 4th in Asia in terms of e-government readiness. The Philippines was also ranked 15th globally on an e-participation index measuring how well government websites promote participatory decision-making.
Social Constructivism, Technological Determinism, Technological MomentumJonathanSmith122
The document discusses different perspectives on the relationship between technology and society:
- Technological determinism argues that technology influences society.
- Social constructivism argues that society influences technology.
- A moderate view is that technology and society influence each other.
It also discusses how the meaning and use of technologies can be interpreted differently by different groups, and how social influences on technology may decrease over time as a technology gains widespread adoption and momentum.
The document discusses the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have access to the internet and technology versus those who do not. It identifies two main aspects of the digital divide: access to computers and related technologies, as well as technological literacy and the ability to use technologies effectively. The document then discusses some potential solutions to bridging the digital divide, such as government policies, NGO programs to increase digital literacy, and initiatives that provide affordable access through technologies like mobile phones and low-cost laptops.
The document provides an overview of ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development). It discusses key concepts such as defining ICT4D, understanding development paradigms, phases of ICT4D, foundations of ICT4D including infrastructure and stakeholders. It also covers implementing ICT4D through strategy, design, adoption and evaluation. Specific niches of ICT4D are explored like alternative tools and examples of ICT4D in practice in sectors like health, agriculture, education, and governance are provided.
The document discusses the digital divide, which refers to unequal access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) between individuals, households, businesses and nations. The digital divide exists due to differences in access to the internet, skills to use digital technologies, and ability to afford ICT services. Lower income households are much less likely to have internet access compared to higher income households. Reducing the digital divide requires improving access to affordable broadband, increasing digital literacy, and ensuring online content is relevant and accessible to underserved groups.
The impact of information technology on society, explores how technology has affected areas of business, law enforcement and even the home. Created for CAPE information technology unit 2 by S. Bloomfield
Information technology and its impact on societyArijeet Dutta
1) Information technology refers to the use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data.
2) IT and society are rapidly co-evolving in surprising ways, with each changing the other. Increased digitization of social interactions allows new ways of gathering and synthesizing previously disconnected information.
3) IT impacts many aspects of daily life including education, healthcare, business, governance, and transportation. It has created new jobs but also contributed to job losses through outsourcing. While enhancing communication, it also enables privacy and security concerns if not managed carefully.
IOT is connecting every physical object in the world using wireless technologies to track and control them from every where in the world...Every object is uniquely identified using ip addresses(IPv6)
An information system is a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure, and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, decision making in an organization. There are several types of information systems including executive support systems, management information systems, decision support systems, knowledge management systems, transaction processing systems, and office automation systems. The five basic components of an information system are hardware, software, data, procedures, and people.
This document provides an introduction to information and communication technology (ICT). It discusses the evolution of computers from first to fifth generation technologies and how ICT has changed lives and society. The document notes that ICT allows information processing and sharing from anywhere at any time using electronics, computers and communication devices. It also discusses how ICT has impacted the Philippines by highlighting statistics on cellphone and internet usage and employment in ICT sectors. Finally, it includes questions to interview a local business owner about their use of and perspectives on ICT.
This document provides an overview of information technology, including its history, present role, hardware and software components, advantages and disadvantages, and benefits. It traces the development of IT from the 1960s-1970s when the term was first used in banks and hospitals for data storage, to the 1980s introduction of personal computers and the information age. Modern IT involves interconnected networks and remote data storage. While facilitating information delivery and global business, advances in IT also enable access to inappropriate content and illicit transactions, so its impacts must be managed carefully.
This document discusses information and communication technology (ICT) and its impact on society. ICT is defined as the use of electronic devices and software to store, process, transmit and retrieve information. The document then covers the evolution of computers through different generations. It discusses how ICT is used in education, banking, industry and e-commerce. It also compares computerized and non-computerized systems. The document outlines some impacts of ICT on society such as faster communication, social problems, lower costs and effective sharing of information. It discusses computer ethics, intellectual property, privacy and cyber law. Security threats to computers like malicious code and hacking are also mentioned.
ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through communications and involves the use of computers and digital networks to store, retrieve, share, and manipulate information. The document discusses how ICT has evolved from early communication methods like drums to modern technologies like computers and the internet. It provides examples of how ICT is used in various aspects of everyday life such as education, banking, industry, and e-commerce to disseminate information and enhance communication.
information and communication technologyAmudha Mony
The document discusses information and communication technology (ICT). ICT refers to all technologies used for telecommunications, broadcast media, building management systems, audiovisual systems, and network-based control functions. ICT includes both information technology and digital communication technologies. Digital communication technologies allow people and organizations to communicate and share information digitally through tools like email, social media, and collaboration software. The document provides examples of different types of ICT like computers, networks, and digital communication tools and discusses how ICT can promote social change and development when applied strategically.
This document provides an overview of the history and present state of the Indian information technology sector. It discusses four periods in the history of IT: premechanical, mechanical, electromechanical, and electronic. It then outlines the major services provided by the IT sector today, including custom application development and infrastructure management. Finally, it notes that the IT sector in India has grown significantly in recent years and is expected to become an $80 billion industry by 2011, representing one of the fastest growing sectors in the country.
E-governance involves using information technology to make governance more efficient, transparent and accessible. It was first introduced in the US in 1999 and has since been implemented worldwide with varying degrees of success. The top five countries for e-governance are Sweden, Denmark, Norway, the US and the Netherlands. India has also undertaken initiatives like Mission 2007 and e-Suvidha to connect villages and provide online services. E-governance can reduce costs, increase convenience and accessibility but also faces challenges from lack of infrastructure, skills and integration between government departments.
The document provides an overview of e-governance including:
1. Definitions of e-governance, its components, types of interactions, and benefits.
2. Challenges specific to implementing e-governance in India such as lack of integrated services, population size, and multiple languages.
3. The relevance of e-governance to India in providing transparent, citizen-centric, and efficient governance. National initiatives have included computerizing customs documentation.
Innovation and Information Technology (IT)Marlaina Love
The document discusses innovation in information technology. It defines innovation as the process of creating something new that has value. It then explores drivers of innovation like financial pressures and changing customer expectations. The document outlines different types of innovation like products, processes, and business models. It argues that innovation is important for company stability, providing better goods and services at lower costs, and ensuring companies can adapt to changes. The document concludes by giving examples of innovations in fields like education, healthcare, and hospitality that are enabled by information technology.
ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through digital means, such as computers, software, internet, telephones and more. It allows for information processing and transmission anywhere at any time. ICT is used in many aspects of everyday life including education, banking, industry and e-commerce where it provides benefits like interactive learning experiences, faster transactions, increased production and easier online shopping. Computerized systems differ from non-computerized ones in being more interesting, depending on technology rather than people, and allowing for round-the-clock operations and global e-commerce. While ICT brings benefits, it also introduces some problems and requires management through computer ethics, intellectual property laws, and cyber laws to address issues like privacy, online
This presentation discusses the history and impact of information technology. It begins by defining IT and its history, separating it into four main ages from premechanical to electronic. These ages trace the evolution of technologies from early writing systems and counting devices to modern computers. The presentation then defines the IT revolution as the changes brought by IT in fields like education, work, medicine, culture and the environment. Both advantages like access to information and disadvantages like information overload are discussed for each area. In conclusion, the presentation states that India is poised for a digital revolution.
- Cybersecurity refers to protecting information and communication systems from cyberattacks. It has become an important issue as technology has become ubiquitous and critical infrastructure increasingly relies on interconnected systems.
- Managing cybersecurity risk involves addressing threats, vulnerabilities, and potential impacts. Threats can come from criminals, spies, hackers or activists. Vulnerabilities are ways systems can be attacked. Impacts range from minor disruptions to significant effects on national security and the economy if critical infrastructure is compromised.
- The federal government works to secure its own systems and help protect non-federal systems and critical infrastructure. Congress is considering legislation to improve information sharing, cybersecurity workforce training, and protection of critical infrastructure. However, long-term challenges
This document discusses the scope of information technology (IT) in the IT sector. It begins by defining IT and explaining why it is an expanding field with opportunities for many types of people. It then outlines some of the major career paths and industries that utilize IT, such as banks, hospitals, and education. It also lists some of the top-paying IT jobs and largest global IT companies. The document discusses both successes and failures in the field. It explores future applications of IT and how machine intelligence is developing. In conclusion, it emphasizes that IT offers many job opportunities for graduates in areas like software and hardware development.
E-governance in the Philippines refers to the use of information and communication technologies by government agencies to transform relationships with citizens, businesses, and other government entities to improve service delivery. In 2007, the Philippines was ranked 17th among 191 countries in terms of quality of government websites and use of ICT tools, and 4th in Asia in terms of e-government readiness. The Philippines was also ranked 15th globally on an e-participation index measuring how well government websites promote participatory decision-making.
Social Constructivism, Technological Determinism, Technological MomentumJonathanSmith122
The document discusses different perspectives on the relationship between technology and society:
- Technological determinism argues that technology influences society.
- Social constructivism argues that society influences technology.
- A moderate view is that technology and society influence each other.
It also discusses how the meaning and use of technologies can be interpreted differently by different groups, and how social influences on technology may decrease over time as a technology gains widespread adoption and momentum.
The document discusses the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have access to the internet and technology versus those who do not. It identifies two main aspects of the digital divide: access to computers and related technologies, as well as technological literacy and the ability to use technologies effectively. The document then discusses some potential solutions to bridging the digital divide, such as government policies, NGO programs to increase digital literacy, and initiatives that provide affordable access through technologies like mobile phones and low-cost laptops.
The document provides an overview of ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development). It discusses key concepts such as defining ICT4D, understanding development paradigms, phases of ICT4D, foundations of ICT4D including infrastructure and stakeholders. It also covers implementing ICT4D through strategy, design, adoption and evaluation. Specific niches of ICT4D are explored like alternative tools and examples of ICT4D in practice in sectors like health, agriculture, education, and governance are provided.
The document discusses the digital divide, which refers to unequal access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) between individuals, households, businesses and nations. The digital divide exists due to differences in access to the internet, skills to use digital technologies, and ability to afford ICT services. Lower income households are much less likely to have internet access compared to higher income households. Reducing the digital divide requires improving access to affordable broadband, increasing digital literacy, and ensuring online content is relevant and accessible to underserved groups.
Contribuciones de la Investigación en Ciencias Sociales en las TIC para el De...EHAS
This document discusses the contribution of social research to ICT4D (information and communication technologies for development). It notes increased interest in ICT4D and themes from social research like understanding how the social is integrated into ICT projects. Social research provides perspectives on ICT4D like whether development expertise and developers communicate effectively. The document also discusses methods in social research and how ICT4D projects both design technologies with social contexts in mind but are also reshaped by social appropriation.
As in the real world, the digital economy has also thrown up its share of shifting buzzwords. From ‘e-Commerce’ and ‘dot.com’ at the turn of the century, the last couple of years have thrown up ‘ICT’ as the all encompassing technology and for business the newest buzz is undoubtedly ‘outsourcing’. Rarely has a single trend impacted global business and industry these last few years as much as outsourcing or ‘off-shoring’ as it is referred to in the US. Coming along with the compulsions of globalisation mandated by the WTO agreements it has helped develop new markets, improved bottom lines, expanded the range of goods and services and pulled the planet together into a tighter-knit community. This opportunity of outsourcing from the perspective of developing economies is ICT services export.
The UN perspective on Digital Public PolicyGenève Lab
Présentation donnée par Peter Major, Acting chair, United Nations Commision on Science and Technology for Development lors de la conférence "politiques publiques à l'ère du numérique" le 29 novembre 2016 à Genève
This document discusses Roberto Masiero's views on ICT4D (Information and Communication Technologies for Development). It covers:
1) Definitions of ICT4D and development, approaches to ICT4D including top-down and bottom-up.
2) The digital divide and measures of it such as internet and mobile phone penetration rates between developed and developing nations.
3) How the internet has evolved in ways that can help close the digital divide, such as increased access through mobile phones and new applications and services.
Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) r.pdfannaelctronics
Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the applying of
knowledge and communication technologies (ICTs) toward the social, economic, and political
development, with a specific stress on serving to poor and marginalized individuals and
communities. It aims to assist in international development by bridging the digital divide and
providing evenhanded access to technologies. ICT4D is grounded within the notions of
\"development\", \"growth\", \"progress\" and \"globalization\" and is commonly taken because
the use of technology to deliver a larger smart.[1] Another similar term utilized in the literature is
\"digital development\".[2] ICT4D attracts on theories and frameworks from several disciplines,
together with social science, economics, development studies, library and knowledge science,
and communication studies.[3]
ICT4D grew out of the tries to use rising computing technologies to boost conditions within the
developing countries. It formalized through a series of reports, conferences, and funding
initiatives that acted as key political avenues:[4] the 1998 World Development Report from the
planet Bank, lightness the role of information and ICTs in development; a report from the G8
Digital Opportunities Task Force, closing that ICTs play a key role in fashionable human
development, the planet Summits on the data Society command in Geneva in 2003 and port in
2005.
At least 3 phases may be known in ICT4D evolution:[5]
ICT4D 0.0: mid-1950s to late-1990s. the main focus of this earliest part was on the employment
of IT (not ICT) in government and personal sector organizations in developing countries. one
among the earliest computers utilized in a developing country was a HEC machine put in in 1956
to undertake numerical calculations within the Indian Institute of Statistics in Calcutta.[6]
ICT4D 1.0: late-1990s to late-2000s. the appearance of the Millennium Development Goals
combined with the increase and unfold of the net in industrial countries crystal rectifier to a fast
increase in investments in ICT infrastructure and comes in developing countries. the foremost
typical application was the telecentre, accustomed bring info on development problems like
health, education, and agricultural extension, into poor communities. Later, telecentres were
conjointly accustomed deliver government services[citation needed].
ICT4D 2.0: late-2000s forwards. there\'s no clear boundary between phases one.0 and 2.0. the
main focus within the part two.0 progressively shifts toward technologies in use, like the
transportable and SMS technologies. there\'s less concern with e-readiness and a lot of interest
within the impact of ICTs on development. to boot, there\'s a lot of specialise in the poor as
producers and innovators with ICTs (as opposition being shoppers of ICT-based information).
ICT4D 2.0 is regarding reframing the poor. wherever ICT4D one.0 marginalised them,
permitting a supply-driven focus, ICT4D 2.0 central.
John Dryden Las Tic En La Calidad De La Cooperacion Al DesarrolloCOOPERACION 2.0 2009
The document discusses a meeting on mainstreaming information and communication technologies (ICTs) for development cooperation. It addresses five key issues: 1) the impacts of ICTs on economic growth and social development, 2) global efforts to harness ICTs for development goals, 3) the role of ICTs in achieving the Millennium Development Goals, 4) the relationship between aid effectiveness, development cooperation quality, and the role of ICTs, and 5) current prospects for development cooperation. The author provides five main messages on these topics.
G20 “Digital Economy” Task Force Meeting - Andrew Wyckoffinnovationoecd
The OECD report identifies 10 key policy challenges for digital transformation in G20 countries and provides policy recommendations. The challenges are: 1) access to digital technologies, 2) digital infrastructure, 3) financing infrastructure, 4) developing standards, 5) regulating ICT, 6) digital security, 7) skills, 8) supporting SMEs and startups, 9) consumer rights, and 10) legal frameworks. For each challenge, the report outlines key areas for G20 policy action, such as developing national digital strategies, improving broadband access, fostering competition, and enhancing cross-border cooperation. The report aims to help the G20 coordinate digital policies and priorities related to issues like the future of work, fintech, and
Oecd digital innovation_summaryreport_fullreport_websiteslideshow19
The report examines how digital technologies are transforming innovation and the impacts on policy. Key findings include:
1) Digital technologies facilitate data-driven, collaborative and faster innovation cycles but also concentration;
2) Impacts vary across sectors like agri-food, automotive and retail due to differences in technologies, data needs, and adoption trends;
3) Innovation policies must adapt across areas like data access, entrepreneurship, research and skills to support digital innovation.
Oecd digital innovation_summaryreport_fullreport_websiteslideshow19
The report examines how digital technologies are transforming innovation and how innovation policies must adapt. It finds that digital technologies are changing innovation processes by making data a core input, focusing innovation on services, speeding up innovation cycles, and increasing collaboration. Policies need to change across areas like data access, entrepreneurship, research, and competition to better support digital innovation, with a sectoral approach for issues like data policies. Countries are experimenting with new policies to promote technology adoption, collaborative innovation, and other goals through initiatives like demonstration programs, clusters, and crowdsourcing challenges.
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1. IS 627 : Advanced Information
Systems
Overview of ICT4D
D. Shao
2. Outline
• Understanding ICT4D
• Foundations of ICT4D
• Implementing ICT4D
• Niches of ICT4D
• ICT4D in practice
• Open issues for research
• Reading list
4. Objective
• To understand the definitions and concepts
underlying ICT4D
– explain the connection between ICTs and development
– categorise the history of ICT4D
– categorise key theories and concepts of relevance to
ICT4D.
5. What is ICT4D?
• What Do We Mean By “ICT4D”?
• What are the examples of what we mean
by ICT4D?
• To understand further, look at I, C, T, D in
turn.
7. CIPSO view of ICT system
Capture
Input
Store
Process
Output
Storage Retrieval
Data Processed
data
Information
SOURCE RECIPIENT
Core information system
Wider information system
Knowledge
8. Different Scopes of ICT
ICT Scope 3:
All ICT
ICT Scope 2:
All Electrical ICT
Any entity that
processes or
communicates
digital data
Any entity that
processes or
communicates
data in electrical
form
Any entity that
processes or
communicates
data in any form
ICT Scope 1:
All Digital ICT
9. Different Scopes of Development
Development
Scope 1: Agenda-
Specific
Development
Development
Scope 3: Generic
Development
Development
Scope 2:
Geography-
Specific
Development
Any progressive
change in a
society
Any progressive
change in a
developing country
Particular progressive
changes in a
developing country
10. What is a Developing Country?
• Developing countries are middle-income
economies with a GNI per capita of less than
$12,736 but more than $1,045 and low-income
economies show a GNI per capita of $1,045 or
less
(World Bank, 2014).
• Gross National Income (GNI) is the total
domestic and foreign output claimed by
residents of a country, consisting of Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) plus factor incomes
earned by foreign residents, minus income
earned in the domestic economy by
nonresidents
(Todaro & Smith, 2011)
12. Development Paradigms
Dominant Phases of Particular Development Paradigms
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Modernisation
Growth as development
Technology transfer
Transfer of ideas/values
Dependency
Core-periphery position within world system
Breaking away
Basic Needs
Focus on basic needs
High degree of state intervention (agricultural
policies, credit, etc)
Neo-Liberalism
Beginning of retreat of the state
Focus on markets – getting prices right
Human Development
Multi-dimensional – micro-credit, gender, environment, poverty, etc.
Greater focus on participatory methods
Post-Development
Idea and discourse of development as
problematic
Sustainable Development
Meeting current needs without compromising
future needs; especially environment
International Development Goals
Millennium
Development Goals
Sustainable
Development Goals
13. What Does “ICT4D” Mean?
• ICT4D means technology is used to
deliver international development
agenda.
• But what is that agenda? It has
changed over time.
• *Find the MDGs and SDGs and identify the
ICT-specific targets within those goals.
17. SDG 9C
“Significantly increase access to information and
communications technology and strive to provide universal
and affordable access to the Internet in least developed
countries by 2020”
Plus SDG targets that specifically identify ICTs in relation to:
- higher education scholarships (Goal 4 – 4B)
- women’s empowerment (Goal 5 – 5B)
- innovation capacity (Goal 17 – T17.8)
18. Critiques of ICT4D
Development
Paradigm
ICT Role
Modernisation ICTs transferred from global North have a central role in delivering
economic growth and new cultural values
Dependency ICTs transferred from global North could be exploitative, and greater
emphasis should be on local development of ICTs which would have a
central role in delivering economic growth
Neo-Liberalism ICTs have an important role in connected enterprises and countries to
local and global markets, and in increasing the efficiency of – and
delivering alternatives to – the state
Human
Development
ICTs are not central but locally-appropriate digital applications could
deliver social and other development outcomes for those on lowest
incomes
Post-
Development
ICTs are not central but are carriers of discourse and sites for both
exclusive and alternative approaches to development
Sustainable
Development
ICTs are not central and can deliver either sustainable and just, or
unsustainable and unjust development depending on the type of
application
19. Phases of ICT4D
Issue / Phase ICT4D 0.0
(1960s – mid-1990s)
ICT4D 1.0
(mid-1990s – mid-
/late-2000s)
ICT4D 2.0
(mid-/late-2000s
onwards)
Iconic Technology PC Database Telecentre Mobile Phone
Key Application Data Processing Content (&
Interaction)
Services & Production
The Poor Who? Consumers Innovators &
Producers
Key Goal Organisational
Efficiency
MDGs Growth &
Development?
Key Issue Technology's Potential Readiness &
Availability
Uptake & Impact
Key Actor Government Donors & NGOs All Sectors
Attitude Ignore --> Isolate Idolise --> Integrate Integrate -->
Innovate
Innovation Model Northern Pro-Poor --> Para-
Poor
Para-Poor --> Per-
Poor
Dominant Discipline Information Systems Informatics /
Development Studies
Tribrid of CS, IS and
DS
Development
Paradigm
Modernisation Human Development Development 2.0
21. Objectives
• To explain the foundations that need to be in
place for ICT4D to work
– Explain the ICT4D value chain model
– Categorise the technological and human
infrastructure of ICT4D
– Identify key ICT4D stakeholders and policy
components
– Critique measures of the digital divide
22. The ICT4D Value Chain
Precursors
-Data systems
-Legal
-Institutional
-Human
-Technological
-Leadership &
Vision
-Drivers /
Demand
Inputs
-Data
-Money
-Labour and
Knowledge
-Technology
-Values and
Motivations
-Political support
-Goals and
Objectives
Intermediates /
Deliverables
-Locations (e.g.
telecentres)
-ICTs (e.g. PC,
mobile, tablet)
-Software
applications
Outputs
-New
communication
patterns
-New
information and
decisions
-New actions
and transactions
Outcomes
-Financial and
other
quantitative
benefits
-Qualitative
benefits
-Disbenefits
Development
Impacts
-Public goals
(e.g. SDGs)
- Other impacts
(intended and
unintended)
Strategy Implementation Adoption Use
Exogenous
Factors
READINESS UPTAKE IMPACTAVAILABILITY
Sustainability
Scalability
Enablers
Constraints
25. Ladder of ICT4D Roles
Digital Non-User
Digital Consumer
Digital Producer
Delinked
Intermediated Consumer
Indirect
Passive Consumer
Active User
Creator
Enabler
Producer
Innovator
CategoryRole
28. Domains of ICT4D Policy
Technological
Infrastructure
Legal &
Institutional
Infrastructure
Data
Infrastructure
Financial
Infrastructure
Human
Capabilities
Infrastructure
ICT Consumption ICT Production
Digital Harm
ICT4D
Infrastructure
ICT4D
Production and
Use
ICT4D Impact
29. Social dimensions of the digital divide
• What are the digital divides within a country:
– Groups who have more access to ICTs and who are the
groups who have less access to ICTs?
• Technological divisions:
•Different divides for different technologies (worse for
computers, better for mobiles)
•Historical pattern: old divides close (e.g. mobile); new
divides open (e.g. broadband)
•Social divisions:
•Age, Education, Gender, Ethnicity, Disability and
Geography
31. Objectives
• To explain how best to put ICT4D into practice
– Explain the steps of ICT4D strategy
– Describe good practice in ICT4D implementation
– Utilise the design–reality gap model in ICT4D
implementation
– Identify key determinants of ICT4D adoption and use
– Summarise key ICT4D evaluation frameworks and
issues
32. The ICT4D value chain
Precursors
-Data systems
-Legal
-Institutional
-Human
-Technological
-Leadership &
vision
-Drivers/demand
Inputs
-Data
-Money
-Labour and
knowledge
-Technology
-Values and
motivations
-Political support
-Goals and
objectives
Intermediates/d
eliverables
-Locations (e.g.
telecentres)
-ICTs (e.g. PC,
mobile, tablet)
-Software
applications
Outputs
-New
communication
patterns
-New
information and
decisions
-New actions
and transactions
Outcomes
-Financial and
other
quantitative
benefits
-Qualitative
benefits
-Disbenefits
Development
impacts
-Public goals
(e.g. SDGs)
- Other impacts
(intended and
unintended)
Strategy Implementation Adoption Use
Exogenous
factors
READINESS UPTAKE IMPACTAVAILABILITY
Sustainability
Scalability
Enablers
Constraints
The processes that make up ICT4D: strategy, design/implementation, adoption/use,
evaluation of impact.
33. Overview of ICT4D strategy
Where
are we
now?
Where do
we want
to get to?
Where do
we want
to get to?
34. Steps of ICT4D
strategy
1. Create ICT4D
planning
structures/roles
2a. Audit current
ICT4D
2b. Get guidance
from wider strategy
3. Set ICT4D
objectives and
principles
4a. Determine ICT4D
technical
architecture
4b. Determine ICT4D
social architecture
5. Disseminate and
plan ICT4D actions
6. Manage, evolve
and review ICT4D
strategy
35. ITPOSMO checklist and design–
reality gaps
Information
Technology
Processes
Objectives and
values
Staffing and
skills
Management
systems and
structures
Other
resources
Information
Technology
Processes
Objectives and
values
Staffing and
skills
Management
systems and
structures
Other
resources
RealityDesign
Gap
Technical
architecture
Social
architecture
36. ICT4D technical architecture
ICT4D technical
architecture
Development
processes
Data
management
ICTData
Telecommunications
Hardware
Software
Data
flow
37. ICT4D project evaluation
• “World Bank ICT projects with the objective to directly
promote target access for the underserved and the poor
had limited success; only 30 percent have achieved their
objectives.” (IEG 2011:xiv)
• “We follow the prospects of 36 private telecenters which
were opened at various times between November 2001
and February 2004. By May 2005, 32 of these 36
telecenters had closed.” (Best & Kumar 2008:31)
• “Of the papers examined, 70% (28 of the 40) referred to or
reflected on some level of failure or unintended negative
outcomes related to the use, uptake, or adoption of ICTs in
developing communities.” (Dodson et al. 2013:23)
38. • There’s a lot of ICT4D failure around.
• Not unique to ICT4D but wasteful.
43. Niche for ICT4D
• ICT4D community developed some
useful ‘alternative tools’ responding
to prevailing inequalities in access and
participation from the technological
perspective
44. Freedom Fone
Zimbabwean Innovation
Voice-based dial up services
voice reporting
voice recognition
voice menus
SMS polls
no online access needed
open source
bridging literature and
language barriers
46. Frontline SMS
Bulk messaging tool
send, receive, and
organize text messages
through a mobile device
and a laptop
• offline support
• open source
47. Speak2Tweet
Google & Twitter launch
in reaction to Egyptian
government internet
shut-down
Creating tweet by calling a
phone
• Automatic country
hashtag
48. GeoChat
• enabling self-organizing
• group communication
based on SMS, email, and
Twitter
• Simplifying team
communications, logistics
and data reporting
• open source
50. Health Sector
facilitation of health communication
medical supply coordination
distance diagnosis
pre and post natal health
public health education
awareness creation / social change
advocacy
51. My Question
• allows young people to send in questions
about sexual reproductive health and/or
HIV/AIDS anonymously to trained counselors
via SMS, voice, or through email.
52. Stock-out campaign
Pill check week
revealing shortages of
essential medicines in
Kenya, Malawi, Uganda,
and Zambia
SMS text messages were sent when data
collectors discovered stock-outs of essential
medicines
Computers running FrontlineSMS processed
and validated data before sending to
Ushahidi interface to be visualized on the
web
53.
54. Adverse Reaction Reporting - Tanzania
• A multi platform
application for reporting
adverse reactions caused
by Drugs, Cosmetics or
Medical Devices
– Developed by CIVE for
TFDA
55. Agricultural Sector
• market price information
• market supply and demand
information
• information on production techniques
56. Mfarm Kenya
Transparency tool
for farmers
• local farmers receive crop
prices and market
information by sending SMS
shortcode
• digital marketplace in which
subscribing farmers can sell
their crops & by farm inputs
• Online platform to connect
and sell collectively
58. Education Sector
Mobile learning
Distance learning
Literacy teaching
formal / informal education
life skills etc.
59. GraphoGAME
• Grapho Learning
Initiative
• digital-based learning
game to teach basic
literacy and supply
further access to reading
materials in local
languages via mobile
61. Rights & Democracy
• access to information and free
• call for action, mobilization
• coordination of action
• visualizing injustice
• voter education & voter registration
• election monitoring
• violation reporting
• e-governance / e-government
62. witness.org
• using power of video
and storytelling to
open the eyes of the
world to human
rights abuses
• Training human rights defenders to use video to
fight injustice, and to transform personal stories of
abuse into powerful tools that can pressure those
in power or with power to act
63. alavateli
Freedom of information
request platform
supporting citizens
requesting government
information
all replies made public
platform
Transparency /
accountability
open source
64. Good Governance
• Tools for promoting good governance
• Tools for promoting transparency and
accountability
65. Wagosy - Tanzania
• WaGoSy is an
integrated and
innovative ICT system
designed to enhance
participation,
transparency,
accountability and
awareness among LVB
water resources
stakeholders.
– Developed by CIVE-
UDOM for VICRES
66. mRushwa - Tanzania
• mRushwa is a mobile
base tool for reporting
briber act
anonymously
69. Open Issues for Research
• ICT and Economic Development
• Aim – to understand how ICTs can help deliver
economic growth
– Key strategies and key foundations for economic
growth in developing countries
– The informational context of growth in developing
countries
– Models of ICT4D-enabled change for evidence on
ICTs and economic growth
70. Open Issues for Research
• ICTs, poverty and livelihoods
• Aim – to understand how ICTs can help
eradicate poverty
– Relationship between ICTs and financial poverty
eradication
– Relationship between ICTs and financial poverty
eradication
– Impact of ICTs on gender equality
71. Open Issues for Research
• ICTs and Social Development
• Aim – to understand how ICTs can help develop
human capabilities and well-being
– Social and human development as a development
goal
– Relationship between ICTs and social development
(health and education)
– Capabilities framework
– Implications of the relation between ICTs and
capabilities
72. Open Issues for Research
• E-Governance and development
• Aim – to understand how ICTs can help develop improve
governance in developing countries
– explain governance-related goals in development
– define and illustrate public value
– analyse the public value of, and challenges to, e-
services in developing countries
– utilise models to analyse the role of ICTs in e-
accountability and e-democracy initiatives
– analyse the role of motivation and power in e-
governance initiatives.
73. Open Issues for Research
• ICTs and Environment Sustainability
• Aim – to understand how ICTs can support
environmentally-sustainable development
– Describe the overall relationship between ICTs and
environmental sustainability
– Explain the different orders of effects of ICTs on pollution
and climate change mitigation including green and smart
ICT applications
– Use analytical frameworks to understand environmental
monitoring information systems
– Categorise use of ICTs in disaster management
– Interpret analytical models of resilience and e-resilience
75. Reading List
• Duncombe, R. (2006) ‘Analysing ICT Applications for Poverty Reduction via
Micro-enterprise Using the Livelihoods Framework’, Development Informatics
Working Paper Series, Paper No. 27, IDPM, University of Manchester.
• Farrell, G., and Isaacs, S. (eds) (2007) Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: A
Summary
Report, Based on 53 Country Surveys, infoDev/World Bank, Washington, D.C.
• Heeks, R. B. (2008) ‘The ICT4D 2.0 Manifesto’, Development Informatics
Working Paper Series, Paper No. 30, IDPM, University of Manchester
• Heeks, R. B. (2006) Implementing and Managing eGovernment: An
International Text,Sage,London.
• Heeks, R. B. (2003) ‘Most eGovernment-for-Development Projects Fail: How
Can Risks beReduced?’,iGovernment Working Paper Series, Paper No. 14,
IDPM, University of Manchester.
• Heeks, R. B. (2002) ‘Failure, Success and Improvisation of Information Systems
Projects in Developing Countries’, Development Informatics Working Paper
Series, Paper No. 11, IDPM, University of Manchester
76. Reading List
• Kenny, C. (2006) Overselling the Web?: development and the Internet, Lynne Rienner,
Boulder
• Krishna, S. and Madon, S. (2003) The Digital Challenge: Information Technology in the
Development Context, S. Krishna and S, Madon (eds),Ashgate, Aldershot
• Takeuchi, T (2008) ICTs for Development in Ethiopia – A Case of the SchoolNet Project -
, A dissertation submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of MSc in ICT
for Development
• Takeuchi, T (2012) ‘FOSS as a driver: Perspectives from the ICT development agenda’in
Free and Open Source Software Technology for Sustainable Development edited by
Sulayman K. Sowe, Govindan Parayil and Atsushi Sunami, United Nations University
Press
• Toyama, K. (2015) Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology,
PublicAffairs
• Unwin, T (2009) ICT4D: Information and Communication Technology for Development,
Cambridge University Press
• Amitabh Ojha (2009). E-Governance in Practice, GIFT Publishing.
The ICT4D value chain
ICT processes inputs into outputs; if input–>process–>output adds value to development, it’s an ICT4D value chain.
Theory of knowledge; and theory of change
Explain readiness – national-level precursors; and initiative-specific inputs
Explain availability – hardware and software deliverables
Explain uptake – adoption, use but also need sustainability and scalability
Explain impact – micro-level outputs; wider costs/benefits as outcomes; development impact
Institutional foundations of ICT4D
ICT4D stakeholders
Key global ICT4D stakeholders:
World Bank: funds development of ICT infrastructure in developing countries
International Telecommunication Union: lead UN agency with responsibilities for digital technologies
Other UN agencies which participate in UNGIS, the UN Group on the Information Society, especially UNCTAD, UNDP and UNESCO
Explain WSIS summits (2003, 2005) and WSIS action lines and responsibilities
ICT4D policies
Rationale for policy:
address any shortcomings within the digital ecosystem which will act as constraints to effective ICT4D
address any disbenefits of ICT4D that emerge within the spheres of inclusion, sustainability and threats
Policy domains:
infrastructure
production/consumption
impact
Understand ICT4D strategy as a series of steps:
1. Create ICT4D planning structures/roles: set up a strategy group to oversee the process.
2a. Audit current ICT4D: “Where are we now?”: available data and information (I); data flows, interactions and transactions (C); technologies are available and used (T); general state of socio-economic development (D).
2b. Get guidance from wider strategy: “Where do we want to get to?”: align ICT4D with wider strategy – development goals of community or organisation or government or donors.
3. Set ICT4D objectives and principles: what change is ICT4D intended to deliver and what principles will it follow when it does that?
4a. Determine ICT4D technical architecture: ICT4D strategy can be seen as needing to lay out the ITPOSMO dimensions for the future.
Then proceed to slides 5 and 6 before returning via slide 5 …
Later:
5. Disseminate and plan ICT4D actions: disseminate defined ICT4D strategy statement and break into detailed implementation plans.
6. Manage, evolve and review ICT4D strategy: cyclical approach, so monitor implementation: performance against objectives; unintended benefits and problems; resource usage; contextual changes. May lead to incremental or more major changes to the strategy; the latter leading full cycle to repeat.
Within 24 hours, an answer is sent directly to the phone from which the question was sent