Vaccines

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Vaccines help prevent diseases in livestock like cattle, goats, and chickens. They work by exposing animals to germs or germ components to help the animal build immunity. Widely using vaccines can help control diseases and improve food security and livelihoods for millions of poor families that depend on livestock.

Vaccines
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ILRIInternational Livestock Research Institute

This document outlines best practices for communicating about livestock genetics research in Africa. It recommends building trust with audiences by listening to concerns, sharing values, and establishing a vision. Key strategies include mapping boundary partners, communicating consistently, using multiple formats, repeating messages, focusing on problem size, ensuring open access, removing jargon, combining facts with stories, establishing safety as the top priority, and emphasizing the international and long-term nature of the research. The goal is to engage citizens through transparent and accessible communication to ensure support for important genetic research.

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ILRI

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Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseases

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Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne disease

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The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.

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Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in Uganda

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Minyoo ya mbwa

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Parasites in dogs

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Stem cell and genetic engineering technologies for conservation and sustainab...

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Christian Tiambo presented on the potential of stem cell and genetic engineering technologies to develop African animal genetic resources in a sustainable way. Key points include: - Africa's population is growing rapidly and food demand is projected to increase significantly by 2050, requiring innovations to boost livestock production. - African livestock show great genetic diversity but local breeds are threatened. New technologies could help conserve breeds, restore extinct ones, and disseminate elite genetics. - Stem cells and genome editing like CRISPR/Cas9 allow trait discovery and deployment to improve growth, disease resistance, milk quality and more in a targeted way. - Applications include biobanking genetic resources, generating disease-resistant animals, increasing

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ILRI

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Nistarini College, Purulia (W.B) India

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Order : Trombidiformes (Acarina) Class : Arachnida Mites normally feed on the undersurface of the leaves but the symptoms are more easily seen on the uppersurface. Tetranychids produce blotching (Spots) on the leaf-surface. Tarsonemids and Eriophyids produce distortion (twist), puckering (Folds) or stunting (Short) of leaves. Eriophyids produce distinct galls or blisters (fluid-filled sac in the outer layer)

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The Limited Role of the Streaming Instability during Moon and Exomoon Formation

Sérgio Sacani

It is generally accepted that the Moon accreted from the disk formed by an impact between the proto-Earth and impactor, but its details are highly debated. Some models suggest that a Mars-sized impactor formed a silicate melt-rich (vapor-poor) disk around Earth, whereas other models suggest that a highly energetic impact produced a silicate vapor-rich disk. Such a vapor-rich disk, however, may not be suitable for the Moon formation, because moonlets, building blocks of the Moon, of 100 m–100 km in radius may experience strong gas drag and fall onto Earth on a short timescale, failing to grow further. This problem may be avoided if large moonlets (?100 km) form very quickly by streaming instability, which is a process to concentrate particles enough to cause gravitational collapse and rapid formation of planetesimals or moonlets. Here, we investigate the effect of the streaming instability in the Moon-forming disk for the first time and find that this instability can quickly form ∼100 km-sized moonlets. However, these moonlets are not large enough to avoid strong drag, and they still fall onto Earth quickly. This suggests that the vapor-rich disks may not form the large Moon, and therefore the models that produce vaporpoor disks are supported. This result is applicable to general impact-induced moon-forming disks, supporting the previous suggestion that small planets (<1.6 R⊕) are good candidates to host large moons because their impactinduced disks would likely be vapor-poor. We find a limited role of streaming instability in satellite formation in an impact-induced disk, whereas it plays a key role during planet formation. Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Earth-moon system (436)

Analysis of Polygenic Traits (GPB-602)

PABOLU TEJASREE

Measuring gravitational attraction with a lattice atom interferometer

Sérgio Sacani

Despite being the dominant force of nature on large scales, gravity remains relatively elusive to precision laboratory experiments. Atom interferometers are powerful tools for investigating, for example, Earth’s gravity1 , the gravitational constant2 , deviations from Newtonian gravity3–6 and general relativity7 . However, using atoms in free fall limits measurement time to a few seconds8 , and much less when measuring interactions with a small source mass2,5,6,9 . Recently, interferometers with atoms suspended for 70 s in an optical-lattice mode fltered by an optical cavity have been demonstrated10–14. However, the optical lattice must balance Earth’s gravity by applying forces that are a billionfold stronger than the putative signals, so even tiny imperfections may generate complex systematic efects. Thus, lattice interferometers have yet to be used for precision tests of gravity. Here we optimize the gravitational sensitivity of a lattice interferometer and use a system of signal inversions to suppress and quantify systematic efects. We measure the attraction of a miniature source mass to be amass = 33.3 ± 5.6stat ± 2.7syst nm s−2, consistent with Newtonian gravity, ruling out ‘screened ffth force’ theories3,15,16 over their natural parameter space. The overall accuracy of 6.2 nm s−2 surpasses by more than a factor of four the best similar measurements with atoms in free fall5,6 . Improved atom cooling and tilt-noise suppression may further increase sensitivity for investigating forces at sub-millimetre ranges17,18, compact gravimetry19–22, measuring the gravitational Aharonov–Bohm efect9,23 and the gravitational constant2 , and testing whether the gravitational feld has quantum properties24.

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goluk9330

Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.

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Sérgio Sacani

The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.

Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability

University of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS

Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects. https://hal.science/hal-04582287

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Vaccines

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Vaccines

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