The social system school

THE SOCIAL SYSTEM
SCHOOL
OF MANAGEMENT
THOUGHTS.
BY
MANISHA VAGHELA

vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.co
m BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 1

Flow of Presentation
 Introduction
 Definations
 Features
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Contribution Of Bernard
 Bibliography
 Thank You

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
THOUGHTS?
Management is one of the oldest arts dating back to
the beginning of civilizations. With the beginning of
industrial revolution the structure of trade and
commerce became extremely complex. This laid the
foundation of Modern Management Thought.. The
stream of management has swelled with the rich
contributions of various fields. As a result, different
management theories have emerged. Each of these
reflects a specialist angle of the contributors from a
particular field.


CONTINUE….
 The various approaches to study of
management are propounded by specialists from
different fields have come to be called THE
SCHOOLS OF MANAGEMENT THOUGTS.
On the basis of different beliefs and views each
school tried to explain the nature and content of
management. This leads to great confusion as it is
difficult to categorize them into some groups.
Hence, In the year 1961, HAROLD KOONTZ
identify 6 major schools of thoughts.


CONTINUE….
They are as follows….
1)Management Process School
2)Empirical School
3)Human Behaviour School
4)Social System School
5)Decision School
6)Mathematical School


CONTINUE….
SOCIAL SYSTEM SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
THOUGHT
 The SOCIAL SYSTEM SCHOOL mainly developed in
the SOCIAL SCIENCE ERA as well as in the MODERN
MANAGEMENT ERA.
 The Social System School is closely related to the
Human Relations School or Human Behaviour
Human Behaviour Schools. is its base.
 The Pioneer of Social System Approach ( 1940-
1950) also known as Founding Father of Social System
School was VILFRED PARETO.
p.t.o.


CONTINUE….on developed and synthesized by
Pareto’S ideas were later
CHESTER I. BERNARD, a Bell Telephone Executive also
known as THE SPERITUAL FATHER Of Social System
Schools.
 It is a study and analysis of the concept of the individual
social behaviour and the group behaviour as it affects the
field of management.
 This approach is similar to behavioural approach ,expect
that it is more formal in nature. This approach extended
implications of human relation approach further.


DEFINATIONS.
 An Organization as a co-operative system involving
collaboration and co-operation among a number of groups.
 An Organization is essentially a cultural system
composed of various groups of people who work in co-
operation.
 An Organization considered as a social system consisting
of various groups of people working together for
achievements of goals.
 A system of cultural relationships in which co-
operation and team spirit are necessary for achievement of
organizational objectives.


CONTINUE….
 A system of cultural inter relation ships which is
conceived as the co-operative interaction of ideas, forces,
desires and thinking of a group of people.
 A Social system is a study and analysis of the concept of the
individual social behaviour and the group behaviour as it
affects the field of management.
 A co-operative system which is developed by
understanding the behaviour of people in groups.



CONTINUE…. or unit consisting of various
Social system is an entity
parts called sub-systems which are inter related or inter
dependent.
 Organization as co-operative system in which there are
persons able to communicate with each other and who are
willing to contribute towards a conscious common
purpose.
 Organization as system of consciously coordinated
activities of two or more persons.


FEATURES.
 An organization is a social system i.e. of cultural
relationships and management concerned with the
effectiveness of an organization must study.
 Formal organization represents cultural relations ships
of the social groups working within the organization.
 Co-operation of the members working and the groups is
essential and is core of good management.
 Relationships exists between internal and external
environments and changes.


CONTINUE…. its efforts towards
 Management has to direct
establishing harmony between the goals of the
organization and the needs ,aims and aspirations of
people comprising various groups in organization.
 This concept has been attributable to theory of co-
operation where by an individual tries to satisfy his
biological, physical and social needs through co-
operation with others.


ADVANTAGES. contribution in field of
 This approach is an important
management.
 Organization is a social system. Hence decisions should
not be taken by considering one group, but all the groups
are considered.
 There are formal and informal organizations in
management has to identify such informal groups and
motivate them.
 Both types of incentives i.e. financial and non financial
are being prevailed to satisfy and encourage various
groups working in an organization.


CONTINUE….
 People come together to achieve ends which they cannot
accomplish working alone.
 Co-operative interaction of ideas, forces, desires and
thinking of a group of people takes place.


DISADVANTAGES.
 This approach lays emphasis only on social relations but
it does not consider physical aspects.
 Social Science is one of the branches of the other
sciences like mathematics, psychology, etc. Hence,
management is a social science. So, this is limited concept.
 Study of group behaviour is not only the aspect of the
management.
 People misuse the freedom of co-operation and
communication provided to make harmonious
relationships for achieving goals.


CONTRIBUTIONS OF
BERNARD.
 CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATIONS
In his opinion organization exists when following three
conditions are fulfilled.
1)There are persons able to communicate with each other.
2)They are willing to contribute to the action.
3)They attempt to accomplish a common purpose.


CONTINUE….
 FORMAL And INFORMAL ORGANISATION.
Bernard suggests that executives should
encourage the development of informal
organization to serve as a means of
communication. In managing organization
manager should take into account both types
of organizations.
 ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATION.
According to Bernard there are four elements
of a formal organization.
1)A system of logical decision making.

CONTINUE…. will lead group members to
2)A system of power which
accept the decisions of executive.
3)A system of functionalisation so that people can
specialize that is departmentation.
4)A system of effective and efficient incentives so as to
induce people to contribute to group action.
 AUTHORITY
He has given a new concept of authority which is termed
“Acceptance Theory Of Authority.’’


CONTINUE…. of Authority
Conditions of acceptance
1)Understanding of communication.
2)Communication is not inconsistent.
 MOTIVATION
Bernard suggests that there should be both types of
incentives i.e. Formal and Informal prevailing in
organization for motivation and better encouragement of
people.
 EFFECTIVE EXECUTIVE
To make executive effective it needs high order of
responsible leadership (social skills, high calibre. )


BIBLIOGRAPHY.
 FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT
Y.K.BHUSHAN
SULTANCHAND AND SONS EDUCATIONAL
PUBLISHERS, NEW DELHI.
 BUSINESS ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT
C.R.BASU
TATA Mc GRAW HILL PUBLISHING COMPANY
LTD.,NEW DELHI.
 PRINCPILES OF MANAGEMENT
T.J.RANA


CONTINUE….
 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT
L.M.PRASAD
SULTANCHAND AND SONS ,NEW DELHI.
 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
MEENAKSHI GUPTA
PHI LEARNING PVT. LTD.NEW DELHI.
 ESSENTIALS OF MANAGEMENT
P.N.REDDY, P.C.TRIPATHI
HIMALAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE.


CONTINUE….
 MANAGEMENT THEORY AND PRACTICE
J.S.CHANDAN
HIMALAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE .


THANK
YOU….

vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.com BY:MANISHA VAGHELA 23

The social system school

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