Technical SEO refers to optimizing the technical elements of a website, such as speed, architecture, and code, which play a significant role in how search engines index and rank pages. The document outlines several key areas of technical SEO focus, including site speed, mobile responsiveness, site architecture, URL structure, security, and structured data. It emphasizes that while technical SEO may not be as exciting as other SEO efforts, optimizing these underlying technical factors is crucial for search engine optimization and a successful online strategy.