Indian Penal code and Bhartiyab nyaya Sanhita.pptxVidhu Prabhakar
The document provides an overview of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and introduces the newly passed Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 (BNS) which will replace the IPC. Some key points:
- IPC was enacted in 1860 under British rule to standardize criminal laws across India. It has undergone amendments over time but will now be repealed by BNS.
- BNS was passed by Parliament in December 2023 and received presidential assent on December 25, 2023. However, IPC will continue to be in force until BNS is brought into force by the central government.
- BNS introduces changes like expanding the definition of
The document summarizes key aspects of the Human Security Act of 2007 in the Philippines. It defines terrorism and outlines the law's provisions regarding surveillance of suspects, proscription of terrorist organizations, detention of suspects, examination of bank records, and penalties for crimes related to terrorism such as imprisonment of 40 years for terrorism and 10-12 years for accessories. The law aims to secure the state and protect people from terrorism while preventing abuses through oversight and legal processes.
This document provides an overview and summary of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 in India. It discusses how the Act aims to curb corruption among public servants by defining criminal offenses and associated penalties. Key points include:
- The Act consolidated previous anti-corruption laws and expanded the definition of a "public servant." It created special courts to try corruption cases.
- Offenses under the Act include a public servant accepting bribes, obtaining pecuniary advantages through abuse of power, or possessing disproportionate assets. Penalties include minimum six month imprisonment.
- The Act also includes presumptions of guilt that shift the burden of proof to the accused public servant in some cases. Investigation of offenses can be done
This document is an introduction to the Prevention of Torture Bill of 2018 in India. It aims to define torture and provide punishment for public servants or others who inflict torture with a public servant's consent. If passed, the bill would help India ratify the UN Convention Against Torture and address custodial crimes like torture. It seeks to fulfill India's commitment to prohibit torture and establish protections for those deprived of liberty. Passing this law could also help India's efforts to extradite suspects from other countries.
The document summarizes the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 which aims to prohibit the practice of dowry in India. Some key points:
- It defines dowry as any property or valuable security given by one party to a marriage, or their relatives, to the other party before, during or after the marriage.
- Giving or taking dowry is punishable by a minimum 5 years imprisonment and fine. Demanding dowry is punishable by 6 months to 2 years imprisonment and fine.
- Any agreement for dowry is void. Dowry received must be transferred to the woman within 3 months of marriage. Failure to do so is punishable.
- The Act also bans dow
This document outlines Act 34 of 2007, called the Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, which aims to prevent certain anti-social activities in the state of Kerala. Some key points:
- It defines various types of "anti-social activities" and labels people involved in these activities as "goondas" or "known rowdies". This includes activities like bootlegging, counterfeiting, environmental damage, and more.
- It gives the government and authorized officers the power to issue detention orders for known goondas and rowdies if they are satisfied it is necessary to prevent further anti-social activities. Detention orders can be up to 12 days.
- The act
The Collection of Statistics Act, 2008 is the primary legislation in India for collecting economic, social, demographic, scientific, and environmental data. It empowers the government to direct the collection of statistics on various topics and appoint statistics officers. Statistics authorities can require owners of businesses to provide information and have access to relevant records. Collected information is restricted from publication to protect confidentiality. The Act establishes penalties for non-compliance and improper disclosure of information. It aims to enhance the scope of data collection compared to the previous statistics act.
Indian Penal code and Bhartiyab nyaya Sanhita.pptxVidhu Prabhakar
The document provides an overview of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and introduces the newly passed Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 (BNS) which will replace the IPC. Some key points:
- IPC was enacted in 1860 under British rule to standardize criminal laws across India. It has undergone amendments over time but will now be repealed by BNS.
- BNS was passed by Parliament in December 2023 and received presidential assent on December 25, 2023. However, IPC will continue to be in force until BNS is brought into force by the central government.
- BNS introduces changes like expanding the definition of
The document summarizes key aspects of the Human Security Act of 2007 in the Philippines. It defines terrorism and outlines the law's provisions regarding surveillance of suspects, proscription of terrorist organizations, detention of suspects, examination of bank records, and penalties for crimes related to terrorism such as imprisonment of 40 years for terrorism and 10-12 years for accessories. The law aims to secure the state and protect people from terrorism while preventing abuses through oversight and legal processes.
This document provides an overview and summary of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 in India. It discusses how the Act aims to curb corruption among public servants by defining criminal offenses and associated penalties. Key points include:
- The Act consolidated previous anti-corruption laws and expanded the definition of a "public servant." It created special courts to try corruption cases.
- Offenses under the Act include a public servant accepting bribes, obtaining pecuniary advantages through abuse of power, or possessing disproportionate assets. Penalties include minimum six month imprisonment.
- The Act also includes presumptions of guilt that shift the burden of proof to the accused public servant in some cases. Investigation of offenses can be done
This document is an introduction to the Prevention of Torture Bill of 2018 in India. It aims to define torture and provide punishment for public servants or others who inflict torture with a public servant's consent. If passed, the bill would help India ratify the UN Convention Against Torture and address custodial crimes like torture. It seeks to fulfill India's commitment to prohibit torture and establish protections for those deprived of liberty. Passing this law could also help India's efforts to extradite suspects from other countries.
The document summarizes the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 which aims to prohibit the practice of dowry in India. Some key points:
- It defines dowry as any property or valuable security given by one party to a marriage, or their relatives, to the other party before, during or after the marriage.
- Giving or taking dowry is punishable by a minimum 5 years imprisonment and fine. Demanding dowry is punishable by 6 months to 2 years imprisonment and fine.
- Any agreement for dowry is void. Dowry received must be transferred to the woman within 3 months of marriage. Failure to do so is punishable.
- The Act also bans dow
This document outlines Act 34 of 2007, called the Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, which aims to prevent certain anti-social activities in the state of Kerala. Some key points:
- It defines various types of "anti-social activities" and labels people involved in these activities as "goondas" or "known rowdies". This includes activities like bootlegging, counterfeiting, environmental damage, and more.
- It gives the government and authorized officers the power to issue detention orders for known goondas and rowdies if they are satisfied it is necessary to prevent further anti-social activities. Detention orders can be up to 12 days.
- The act
The Collection of Statistics Act, 2008 is the primary legislation in India for collecting economic, social, demographic, scientific, and environmental data. It empowers the government to direct the collection of statistics on various topics and appoint statistics officers. Statistics authorities can require owners of businesses to provide information and have access to relevant records. Collected information is restricted from publication to protect confidentiality. The Act establishes penalties for non-compliance and improper disclosure of information. It aims to enhance the scope of data collection compared to the previous statistics act.
Juvenile Justice Act - Classification of Offences under the JJ ActLegal
The document discusses the classification of offenses under the Juvenile Justice Act 2015 into petty, serious, and heinous categories and the impact this has on legal processes for children in conflict with the law. It provides definitions of these offense categories from the Act. It also discusses provisions regarding preliminary assessment and trial timelines for children, and restrictions on sentencing like no death penalty. It examines a case where a juvenile was ordered to be tried as an adult for a heinous offense. Overall, the document analyzes the JJ Act provisions around classifying and trying offenses committed by juveniles.
The document is a summary of the Money Laundering Prevention Act of 2012 in Bangladesh. It defines key terms related to money laundering such as proceeds of crime, predicate offense, and suspicious transactions. It outlines reporting requirements for financial institutions and gives investigation and enforcement powers to agencies such as the Anti-Corruption Commission. Penalties for money laundering and related offenses include imprisonment, fines, and property confiscation. The act also describes international cooperation measures between Bangladesh and other countries.
This document is the preamble and introductory chapter of the Penal Code of Bangladesh from 1860. It establishes the title and extent of operation for the Penal Code, noting that it shall take effect throughout Bangladesh. It also establishes that individuals shall be liable under this Code for offenses committed within Bangladesh, and that some provisions extend extraterritorial application for offenses committed by Bangladeshi citizens or on ships/aircraft registered in Bangladesh wherever located. Finally, it provides initial definitions for terms that are used throughout the Code, such as "public servant", "wrongful gain/loss", and "document".
Materi anti korupsi singkat english versionDaned Aditia
The document summarizes Indonesia's anti-corruption laws and the Corruption Eradication Commission's (KPK) enforcement efforts. It outlines the KPK's duties of enforcement, prevention, and public involvement. It then describes the seven types of corruption crimes according to Indonesian law and provides data on the types of corruption cases handled by the KPK from 2004 to 2019, with the majority being bribery and illegal gratification cases. The document proceeds to summarize several key articles from Indonesia's anti-corruption laws related to bribery, illegal gratification, extortion, and acts causing state financial losses.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
This document discusses provisions of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS Act) of India, specifically Section 37. Section 37 declares all offenses under the NDPS Act to be cognizable and non-bailable. It restricts the granting of bail to those accused of offenses punishable by 5 or more years, unless the public prosecutor has been given opportunity to oppose bail and the court is satisfied the accused is not guilty and will not re-offend. The document outlines the scope and significant aspects of Section 37, including that bail provisions now depend on quantity of substances seized. It concludes that the NDPS Act can sometimes result in innocent people being imprisoned for long periods without fault, violating their
This document outlines the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 in India, which aims to prohibit the practice of dowry. Some key points:
- It defines dowry as any property or valuable security given by one party or their relatives to the other party around the time of marriage.
- It establishes penalties for both giving/taking dowry as well as demanding dowry, including imprisonment and fines.
- Any dowry received must be transferred to the wife within a few months, and failure to do so is also punishable.
- It gives powers to Dowry Prohibition Officers to enforce the act and collect evidence of offenses.
- Both central and state governments are allowed to make rules
Brief presentation of Terrorism which includes the definition of terrorism. It is also packed with the discussion regarding terrorism both in Philippine and international setting. It also tackles the CPP-NPA-NDF which is the most famous and prominent terrorist groups in the Philippines.
Professional services a chartered accountant can provide in preventing money ...CA. (Dr.) Rajkumar Adukia
The implementation of PMLA is conferred on several authorities as mentioned such as Director or Additional Director or Joint Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Director, and such additional directors/officers whose appointment may be deemed necessary under the provisions of the PMLA. Professionals like chartered accountants are more conversant with the business environment and hold special expertise in finances that gives them an additional advantage to fit into the role of assisting, serving such authorities.
This document summarizes the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1908 in India. The act aimed to provide for more speedy trials of certain offenses and prohibit associations dangerous to public peace. It established that associations that encourage violence or whose members commit violent acts could be declared unlawful by state governments. The act gave powers to state governments to notify places being used by unlawful associations and allow authorities to take possession of such places and belongings found within. It established penalties for membership in unlawful associations or assisting their operations. Several state governments have since amended sections of the act.
This document is a translation of Thailand's Computer Crime Act from 2007. Some key points:
- It defines terms like "computer system", "computer data", and "service provider".
- It establishes offenses and penalties related to illegally accessing computer systems or data, eavesdropping on computer communications, damaging or modifying computer data, disrupting computer systems, and distributing tools used to enable computer crimes.
- Harsher penalties are prescribed for offenses that cause damage, threaten national security or critical infrastructure, or result in death.
- It also addresses offenses involving importing false or pornographic computer data or data impairing a person's reputation, as well as prosecuting Thai citizens or residents who commit computer
The document summarizes the evolution of anti-corruption laws in India. It discusses how the Indian Penal Code of 1862 was supplemented by the Prevention of Corruption Act of 1947 to define criminal misconduct. The PC Act was further expanded in 1988 and recently amended in 2018. The key amendments in 2018 include narrowing the definition of criminal misconduct, introducing time limits for trial completion, and provisions targeting bribery by commercial organizations.
This document discusses cyber law in Bangladesh. It begins by defining cybercrime and listing common types, such as email fraud, identity theft, and hacking. It then explains that cyber law governs issues related to technology, including freedom of expression, copyright, and data protection online. The document outlines key sections of Bangladesh's Information Technology Act of 2006 and Digital Security Act of 2018, which establish punishments for offenses like hacking, publishing fake information, and cyber terrorism. These laws aim to help Bangladesh better address cybercrime as internet and technology use expands in the country.
For more than a century, our country's criminal law regime has been predominantly relying upon the ancient understanding of criminalizing human beings in a rather classic and rigid method of punishments through KUHP which exists long before our independence. Unfortunately, these methods have been proven through and through to be ineffective, both in giving deterrent impact to the convicted and society in general, as well as providing appropriate relief to the victims. The emergence of New KUHP, which will be effective in 2026, is set to cater those concerns with a more socially-adaptable approach.
The document summarizes key sections of the Information Technology Act, 2000 related to cyber security in India. It discusses sections establishing protected computer systems, designating agencies responsible for critical infrastructure protection and incident response, penalties for various cyber crimes, and intermediary liability exemptions. The sections establish national agencies to coordinate cyber security, empower agencies to investigate offenses, and outline penalties including imprisonment and fines for offenses like unauthorized access, privacy breaches, and publishing false digital signatures.
Red-tagging in the Philippines_FINAL.pptxramilpamatong
The document discusses red-tagging in the Philippines, which refers to publicly accusing activists, journalists, politicians and others of being communists or supporting communist insurgents. It became more prevalent and dangerous after Rodrigo Duterte became president in 2016 and created the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict. Red-tagging is used to harass, intimidate and persecute targets, with many ending up killed. Indigenous groups and human rights defenders are especially vulnerable to being red-tagged due to opposing government projects or policies. The practice has shrunk civic space and threatens democracy in the Philippines.
Draft trafficking in persons (prevention, care and rehabilitation) bill 2021 ...ZahidManiyar
This document is the Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Care and Rehabilitation) Bill of 2021 from India. It aims to [1] prevent and counter trafficking of persons, especially women and children, [2] provide care, protection and rehabilitation for victims while respecting their rights, and [3] ensure prosecution of offenders. Key aspects include establishing a National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee to coordinate prevention efforts, designating the National Investigation Agency as the lead investigative body for trafficking cases, and setting up District Anti-Human Trafficking Committees to protect and rehabilitate victims at the local level.
Juvenile Justice Act - Classification of Offences under the JJ ActLegal
The document discusses the classification of offenses under the Juvenile Justice Act 2015 into petty, serious, and heinous categories and the impact this has on legal processes for children in conflict with the law. It provides definitions of these offense categories from the Act. It also discusses provisions regarding preliminary assessment and trial timelines for children, and restrictions on sentencing like no death penalty. It examines a case where a juvenile was ordered to be tried as an adult for a heinous offense. Overall, the document analyzes the JJ Act provisions around classifying and trying offenses committed by juveniles.
The document is a summary of the Money Laundering Prevention Act of 2012 in Bangladesh. It defines key terms related to money laundering such as proceeds of crime, predicate offense, and suspicious transactions. It outlines reporting requirements for financial institutions and gives investigation and enforcement powers to agencies such as the Anti-Corruption Commission. Penalties for money laundering and related offenses include imprisonment, fines, and property confiscation. The act also describes international cooperation measures between Bangladesh and other countries.
This document is the preamble and introductory chapter of the Penal Code of Bangladesh from 1860. It establishes the title and extent of operation for the Penal Code, noting that it shall take effect throughout Bangladesh. It also establishes that individuals shall be liable under this Code for offenses committed within Bangladesh, and that some provisions extend extraterritorial application for offenses committed by Bangladeshi citizens or on ships/aircraft registered in Bangladesh wherever located. Finally, it provides initial definitions for terms that are used throughout the Code, such as "public servant", "wrongful gain/loss", and "document".
Materi anti korupsi singkat english versionDaned Aditia
The document summarizes Indonesia's anti-corruption laws and the Corruption Eradication Commission's (KPK) enforcement efforts. It outlines the KPK's duties of enforcement, prevention, and public involvement. It then describes the seven types of corruption crimes according to Indonesian law and provides data on the types of corruption cases handled by the KPK from 2004 to 2019, with the majority being bribery and illegal gratification cases. The document proceeds to summarize several key articles from Indonesia's anti-corruption laws related to bribery, illegal gratification, extortion, and acts causing state financial losses.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
This document discusses provisions of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS Act) of India, specifically Section 37. Section 37 declares all offenses under the NDPS Act to be cognizable and non-bailable. It restricts the granting of bail to those accused of offenses punishable by 5 or more years, unless the public prosecutor has been given opportunity to oppose bail and the court is satisfied the accused is not guilty and will not re-offend. The document outlines the scope and significant aspects of Section 37, including that bail provisions now depend on quantity of substances seized. It concludes that the NDPS Act can sometimes result in innocent people being imprisoned for long periods without fault, violating their
This document outlines the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 in India, which aims to prohibit the practice of dowry. Some key points:
- It defines dowry as any property or valuable security given by one party or their relatives to the other party around the time of marriage.
- It establishes penalties for both giving/taking dowry as well as demanding dowry, including imprisonment and fines.
- Any dowry received must be transferred to the wife within a few months, and failure to do so is also punishable.
- It gives powers to Dowry Prohibition Officers to enforce the act and collect evidence of offenses.
- Both central and state governments are allowed to make rules
Brief presentation of Terrorism which includes the definition of terrorism. It is also packed with the discussion regarding terrorism both in Philippine and international setting. It also tackles the CPP-NPA-NDF which is the most famous and prominent terrorist groups in the Philippines.
Professional services a chartered accountant can provide in preventing money ...CA. (Dr.) Rajkumar Adukia
The implementation of PMLA is conferred on several authorities as mentioned such as Director or Additional Director or Joint Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Director, and such additional directors/officers whose appointment may be deemed necessary under the provisions of the PMLA. Professionals like chartered accountants are more conversant with the business environment and hold special expertise in finances that gives them an additional advantage to fit into the role of assisting, serving such authorities.
This document summarizes the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1908 in India. The act aimed to provide for more speedy trials of certain offenses and prohibit associations dangerous to public peace. It established that associations that encourage violence or whose members commit violent acts could be declared unlawful by state governments. The act gave powers to state governments to notify places being used by unlawful associations and allow authorities to take possession of such places and belongings found within. It established penalties for membership in unlawful associations or assisting their operations. Several state governments have since amended sections of the act.
This document is a translation of Thailand's Computer Crime Act from 2007. Some key points:
- It defines terms like "computer system", "computer data", and "service provider".
- It establishes offenses and penalties related to illegally accessing computer systems or data, eavesdropping on computer communications, damaging or modifying computer data, disrupting computer systems, and distributing tools used to enable computer crimes.
- Harsher penalties are prescribed for offenses that cause damage, threaten national security or critical infrastructure, or result in death.
- It also addresses offenses involving importing false or pornographic computer data or data impairing a person's reputation, as well as prosecuting Thai citizens or residents who commit computer
The document summarizes the evolution of anti-corruption laws in India. It discusses how the Indian Penal Code of 1862 was supplemented by the Prevention of Corruption Act of 1947 to define criminal misconduct. The PC Act was further expanded in 1988 and recently amended in 2018. The key amendments in 2018 include narrowing the definition of criminal misconduct, introducing time limits for trial completion, and provisions targeting bribery by commercial organizations.
This document discusses cyber law in Bangladesh. It begins by defining cybercrime and listing common types, such as email fraud, identity theft, and hacking. It then explains that cyber law governs issues related to technology, including freedom of expression, copyright, and data protection online. The document outlines key sections of Bangladesh's Information Technology Act of 2006 and Digital Security Act of 2018, which establish punishments for offenses like hacking, publishing fake information, and cyber terrorism. These laws aim to help Bangladesh better address cybercrime as internet and technology use expands in the country.
For more than a century, our country's criminal law regime has been predominantly relying upon the ancient understanding of criminalizing human beings in a rather classic and rigid method of punishments through KUHP which exists long before our independence. Unfortunately, these methods have been proven through and through to be ineffective, both in giving deterrent impact to the convicted and society in general, as well as providing appropriate relief to the victims. The emergence of New KUHP, which will be effective in 2026, is set to cater those concerns with a more socially-adaptable approach.
The document summarizes key sections of the Information Technology Act, 2000 related to cyber security in India. It discusses sections establishing protected computer systems, designating agencies responsible for critical infrastructure protection and incident response, penalties for various cyber crimes, and intermediary liability exemptions. The sections establish national agencies to coordinate cyber security, empower agencies to investigate offenses, and outline penalties including imprisonment and fines for offenses like unauthorized access, privacy breaches, and publishing false digital signatures.
Red-tagging in the Philippines_FINAL.pptxramilpamatong
The document discusses red-tagging in the Philippines, which refers to publicly accusing activists, journalists, politicians and others of being communists or supporting communist insurgents. It became more prevalent and dangerous after Rodrigo Duterte became president in 2016 and created the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict. Red-tagging is used to harass, intimidate and persecute targets, with many ending up killed. Indigenous groups and human rights defenders are especially vulnerable to being red-tagged due to opposing government projects or policies. The practice has shrunk civic space and threatens democracy in the Philippines.
Draft trafficking in persons (prevention, care and rehabilitation) bill 2021 ...ZahidManiyar
This document is the Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Care and Rehabilitation) Bill of 2021 from India. It aims to [1] prevent and counter trafficking of persons, especially women and children, [2] provide care, protection and rehabilitation for victims while respecting their rights, and [3] ensure prosecution of offenders. Key aspects include establishing a National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee to coordinate prevention efforts, designating the National Investigation Agency as the lead investigative body for trafficking cases, and setting up District Anti-Human Trafficking Committees to protect and rehabilitate victims at the local level.
Similar to taxation for indian BFSI_PPT_2501_24.pptx (20)
This document discusses easements under land law. It defines an easement as a right to use another's land for a specific purpose. There are various types of easements including rights of way, drainage, and utilities. Easements have a dominant and servient tenement. They are created through statutes, express grants, implied grants, reservations, and prescription. Easements can end through unity of ownership, release, abandonment, or court order. The document also discusses public rights of way and communal rights of way under Tanzanian law. It notes both the advantages and disadvantages of easements for landowners.
The document discusses the taxation of income from other sources under the Income Tax Act of 1961 in India. It defines income from other sources as residual income that is not taxed under other heads like salary, house property, business/profession, and capital gains. Examples of income taxable under this head include rent, interest, lottery winnings, family pension, and gifts. The document outlines deductions available and methods of accounting and tax treatment for various types of other income.
This document discusses the taxation of salary income in India. It defines what constitutes salary and provides examples such as salary from multiple sources and foregone salary. It explains that salary is taxable when due or paid. It also provides a chart showing the components included in computing income from salaries such as bonuses, commissions, allowances, and retirement benefits. The document discusses provisions related to house rent allowance, various other allowances, leave travel concession and provident funds. It covers perquisites including rent-free accommodation, motor cars, servants, and more. Deductions from salary including professional tax and entertainment allowance are also mentioned. The taxation of retirement benefits such as pension, commuted pension, gratuity and more is summarized.
Reviewing contracts swiftly and efficiently is crucial for any organization. It ensures compliance, reduces risks, and keeps business operations running smoothly.
Anti-Money Laundering (AML): What It Is, Its History, and How It Works
What Is Anti-Money Laundering (AML)?
Anti-money laundering is an international web of laws, regulations, and procedures aimed at uncovering money that has been disguised as legitimate income. For centuries, governments and law enforcement agencies have tried to fight crime by following the money. In modern times, that comes down to anti-money laundering (AML) laws and activities.
Money laundering is the concealment of the origins of money gained from crimes, including tax evasion, human trafficking, drug trafficking, and public corruption. It also includes money being illegally routed to terrorist organizations.1
Anti-money laundering regulations have had an impact on governments, financial institutions, and even individuals around the world.
IHL provisions call for requisite study to assess their capacity to deal with emerging means and methods of warfare.
Member states of the UN should promote negotiations on a new international treaty to ban and regulate lethal automatic weapon systems together with use of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts.
REPUBLIC ACT No 11313 An Act Defining Gender-Based Sexual Harassment in Stree...elyshaiana2
An Act Defining Gender-Based Sexual Harassment in Streets, Public Spaces, Online, Workplaces, and Educational or Training Institutions, Providing Protective Measures and Prescribing Penalties Therefor
This Act shall be known as the "Safe Spaces Act".
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TEXTO: JEREMIAS 38:19-20
INTRODUCCION
En el texto que hemos leído vemos el momento de angustia que el rey Sedequias tenía cuando Jerusalén estaba rodeada por el ejército babilonio.
En ese momento de angustia la respuesta del profeta Jeremías fue: oye la voz de Jehová y te ira bien y vivirás.
Quizás este día nos sentimos preocupados por las situaciones que estamos enfrentando o nos sentimos llenos de incertidumbre por aquellos proyectos de nuestra vida que estamos por iniciar, por esas metas que nos hemos propuesto alcanzar este año.
Que nos dice la voz de Dios este dia a cada uno de nosotros: FILIPENSES 4:13 “Todo lo puedo en Cristo que me fortalece”
Tenemos que escuchar la voz de nuestro Dios por sobre cualquier voz en nuestra vida,
I)DEBEMOS ESCUCHAR LA VOZ DE DIOS POR SOBRE LA VOZ DE LA EXPERIENCIA (LUCAS 5:4-6)
La voz de la experiencia es una autoridad, eso es real, pues la experiencia es el conocimiento aprendido por haber realizado algo, por haberlo vivido o sufrido, la experiencia es importante, pero por sobre la autoridad de la experiencia esta la voz de Dios.
La voz de la experiencia decía que si no habían pescado nada toda la noche era inútil tirar la red en la mañana, pero Pedro confi
1. Banking, Financial Services & Insurance Board
Deciphering the impact of the three
new laws on BFSI Industry
25th January 2024
CMA Guruprasad V
ACMA ACA ACS CMA FIPA FFA
This PPT is for educational purposes only and not a professional advice. Neither ICMAI nor the Presenter is responsible and the provisions
of the Act may get amended from time to time. The reader of this PPT will have to take appropriate legal and professional advice.
2. Learning Objectives
Upon Completing this session, you will be able to:
Decipher the Impact on BFSI of the three new laws:
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (New Penal Code)
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (“BNSS”) (New Code of Criminal Procedure)
Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023 (New Evidence Act)
3. Introduction
Three new laws
The Government of India on August 11, 2023 introduced:
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (New Penal Code)
Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023 (New Evidence Act) and
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (“BNSS”) (New Code of Criminal
Procedure)
in the Lok Sabha with the stated objective of repealing, 19th century
colonial-era criminal laws, and as a mark of 75 years of Independence
4. Timeline to implement
The Lok Sabha passed the bill on December 20, 2023 and the Rajya Sabha passed the
bill on December 21, 2023.
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), which replaces the Indian Penal Code, 1860;
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniya (BSA), which replaces the Indian Evidence Act, 1872;
and
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), which replaces the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1898
were notified in the Gazette of India on December 25, 2023.
The date to implement the three laws that were passed by the Parliament in
December 2023 yet to be Notified.
5. Bharathiya Nyaya Sanhita - IPC
Objective
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023 (hereinafter BNS) is an Act to consolidate
and amend the provisions relating to offences and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto has been given assent by the President of
India on 25th December 2023.
It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may by
notification in the Official Gazette appoint.
6. BNS - IPC
Key changes in BNS
Document has been redefined in Section 2(8) in the BNS by including
“electronic and digital record”.
“Document” means any matter expressed or described upon any substance
by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means,
and includes electronic and digital record, intended to be used, or which
may be used, as evidence of that matter.
Computerisation and digitalisation by the BFSI industry is a core activity.
Inclusive definition has made a significant change and
hence adequate care has to be taken by the industry while maintaining and
retaining the Documents.
7. BNS - IPC
Key changes in BNS
New Definition of Economic Offence
(Clause (iii) of Explanation to Section 111(1)
Economic offence includes
criminal breach of trust,
forgery, counterfeiting of currency-notes, bank-notes and Government stamps, hawala
transaction,
mass-marketing fraud or running any scheme to defraud several persons or
doing any act in any manner with a view to defraud any bank or financial institution or
any other institution or organisation f
or obtaining monetary benefits in any form.
8. BNS - IPC
Key changes in BNS
Organised Crime and Economic Offence has been defined in the BNS for the first time.
As per Section 111 of the BNS,
Any continuing unlawful activity including
kidnapping, robbery, vehicle theft, extortion, land grabbing, contract killing, economic offence,
cyber-crimes,
trafficking of persons, drugs, weapons or illicit goods or services,
human trafficking for prostitution or ransom,
by any person or a group of persons acting in concert, singly or jointly,
either as a member of an organised crime syndicate or on behalf of such syndicate, by use of
violence, threat of violence, intimidation, coercion, or by any other unlawful means to obtain
direct or indirect material benefit including a financial benefit, shall constitute organised crime.
9. BNS - IPC
Key changes in BNS
Explanation — For the purposes of this sub-section ––
(i) “organised crime syndicate” means a group of two or more persons who, acting either singly
or jointly, as a syndicate or gang indulge in any continuing unlawful activity;
(ii) “continuing unlawful activity” means an activity prohibited by law which is a cognizable
offence punishable with imprisonment of three years or more, undertaken by any person,
either singly or jointly, as a member of an organised crime syndicate or
on behalf of such syndicate in respect of which more than one charge-sheets have been filed
before a competent Court
within the preceding period of ten years and
that Court has taken cognizance of such offence, and
includes economic offence;
10. BNS - IPC
Punishment for those committing organised crime -Section 111(2)
Whoever commits organised crime shall, if such offence other than causing the
death of any person, be punished with
imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five years
but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and
shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than five lakh rupees.
11. BNS - IPC
Punishment for those committing organised crime -Section 111(2)
Whoever abets,
attempts,
conspires or
knowingly facilitates the commission of an organised crime, or
otherwise engages in any act preparatory to an organised crime,
shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which shall not be
less than five years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and
shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than five lakh rupees.
12. BNS - IPC
Any person who is a member of an organised crime syndicate shall be
punished with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five years
but
which may extend to imprisonment for life, and
shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than five lakh rupees.
Whoever, intentionally, harbours or conceals any person who has committed the
offence of an organised crime shall be punished with
imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years but
which may extend to imprisonment for life, and
shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than five lakh rupees.
13. BNS - IPC
Whoever possesses any property derived or obtained from the commission of
an organised crime or proceeds of any organised crime or
which has been acquired through the organised crime,
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than
three years but
which may extend to imprisonment for life and
shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than two lakh rupees.
14. BNS - IPC
If any person on behalf of a member of an organised crime syndicate is, or
at any time has been in possession of movable or immovable property which he
cannot satisfactorily account for,
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than
three years but
which may extend to imprisonment for ten years and
shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees.
15. BNS - IPC
Definition of the term “Theft” expanded –
Section 303(1), 112(1) and Section 2(21)
Theft
As per Section 303 (1)
Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession
of any person without that person’s consent, moves that property in order to such
taking, is said to commit theft.
As per Section 2(21)
“movable property” includes property of every description, except land and things
attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything which is attached to the
earth.
16. BNS - IPC
New Definition on Petty Organised Crime- Section 112
Whoever, being a member of a group or gang, either singly or jointly, commits any
act of theft, snatching, cheating, unauthorised selling of tickets, unauthorised betting
or gambling, selling of public examination question papers or any other similar
criminal act, is said to commit petty organised crime.
Explanation: For the purposes of this sub-section "theft" includes
trick theft, theft from vehicle, dwelling house or business premises, cargo theft, pick
pocketing, theft through card skimming, shoplifting and theft of Automated Teller
Machine.
It is to be noted that the BNS has not defined the terms trick theft, card skimming
and have to be understood as per their ordinary meaning.
17. BNS - IPC
As per Section 303(2)
Whoever commits theft shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which
may extend to three years, or
with fine, or with both and
in case of second or subsequent conviction of any person under this section, he shall be punished
with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year but
which may extend to five years and with fine:
Community Service as Punishment
Provided that in cases of theft where the value of the stolen property
is less than five thousand rupees, and a person is convicted for the first time,
shall upon return of the value of property or
restoration of the stolen property,
shall be punished with community service.
18. BNS - IPC
New Definition on Gaining Wrongfully and Losing Wrongfully – Section 2 (38)
A person is said to gain wrongfully when such person retains wrongfully, as well as
when such person acquires wrongfully.
A person is said to lose wrongfully when such person is wrongfully kept out of any
property, as well as when such person is wrongfully deprived of property.
19. BNS - IPC
CHAPTER X
OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN, CURRENCY NOTES, BANK NOTES, AND
GOVERNMENT STAMPS- Section 178 to Section 180
Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes.
The BNS has broadened the definition of Section 498A, 498B,489C,498D and 498E
of the Indian Penal Code by including counterfeiting of Coin and Government
Stamps.
Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes shall be punished with imprisonment
for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also
be liable to fine. [Sec 178]
Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes shall be
punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend
to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. [Sec 179]
20. BNS - IPC
Explanations of the word Coin, Counterfeiting Government Stamp and
Counterfeiting of Coin for the purpose of Chapter X have been amended and added
in the BNS as below:
“Coin” shall have the same meaning assigned to it in section 2 of the Coinage Act,
2011 and
includes metal used for the time being as money and is stamped and issued by
or under the authority of any State or Sovereign Power intended to be so used;
21. BNS - IPC
Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or
bank-notes and intending to use the same as genuine or that it may be used as
genuine, shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years,
or with fine, or with both. [Sec 180]
Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin,
Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes shall be punished with
imprisonment for life, or
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years,
and
shall also be liable to fine. [Sec 181]
22. BNS - IPC
Prohibition of fictitious stamps ( Sec.186)
(1) Whoever—
(a) makes, knowingly utters, deals in or sells any fictitious stamp, or knowingly
uses for any postal purpose any fictitious stamp; or
(b) has in his possession, without lawful excuse, any fictitious stamp; or
(c) makes or, without lawful excuse, has in his possession any die, plate, instrument or
materials for making any fictitious stamp,
shall be punished with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees.
“fictitious stamp” means any stamp
falsely purporting to be issued by Government for the purpose of denoting a rate of postage,
or
any facsimile or imitation or representation, whether on paper or otherwise,
of any stamp issued by Government for that purpose.
(Based on the experience of Telgi Stamp Scam in the State of Karnataka)
23. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Objective
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (“BNSS”) (hereinafter BNS) is an
Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to Criminal Procedure and has
been given assent by the President of India on 25th December 2023.
It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may by
notification in the Official Gazette appoint.
24. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
(1) In this BNSS, unless the context otherwise
requires,—
(a) “audio-video electronic means” shall include
use of any communication device for the purposes of
video conferencing,
recording of processes of identification,
Search and seizure or evidence,
transmission of electronic communication and
for such other purposes and
by such other means as the State Government may,
by rules provide;
25. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
(i) “electronic communication” means the communication of any written, verbal,
pictorial information or video content transmitted or transferred
(whether from one person to another or from one device to another or from a
person to a device or from a device to a person) by means of an electronic device
including
a telephone,
mobile phone, or other wireless telecommunication device, or
a computer, or
audio-video player or
camera or
any other electronic device or
electronic form as may be specified by notification, by the Central Government;
26. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
ZERO FIRST INFORMATION REPORT (Zero FIR)
It is mandatory for police to register a FIR where information
regarding commission of a cognizable offence is received,
irrespective of whether it has jurisdiction or not (‘Zero FIR’).
Once the Zero FIR is registered, the concerned police station can
transfer such FIR to the police station which has jurisdiction to
investigate the case.
27. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Summary Trial mandatory under Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
(BNSS)
The monetary limits for petty thefts triable in summary trials in terms of value of
stolen property involved has been increased from ₹2000 (section 260(1) of
Criminal Procedure Code) to ₹20000.
Section 283 of BNSS makes summary trial mandatory for petty and less serious
cases.
28. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Additional Powers for Attachment and Forfeiture of Property
Section 107 of BNSS gives Magistrate powers to attach property identified as
‘proceeds of crime’.
The Magistrate may upon an application of an investigating officer giving
reasons to believe that the property is derived from a criminal activity, pass the
following orders:
a. Direct attachment of the property found to be ‘proceeds of crime’ after
hearing all parties concerned;
b. Pass an ex parte interim order attaching property if the Magistrate is of
the opinion that issuing notice to the owner of the property for attachment will
defeat the object of the attachment or seizure; and
c. Upon determination that the property in question falls under proceed of
crime, the Magistrate will direct the District Magistrate to rateably distribute the
property amongst those who were affected by the crime.
29. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Attachment or forfeiture of property of a proclaimed offender
Section 86 of BNSS provides that the Court, upon a written request from an
officer not below the rank of Superintendent of Police or Commissioner of
Police, can initiate the process of requesting assistance from a Court or
authority in a contracting State for attachment or forfeiture of property of
a proclaimed offender.
The intention behind this provision seems to be either to secure the
presence of fugitives or confiscate properties of fugitives who are evading
summons/investigation/trial and have properties outside the country.
30. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
As per Section 82(4) of Criminal Procedure Code as per 2005 Amendment,
someone can be declared as a ‘Proclaimed offender’ for only nineteen specified
offences under IPC namely, “302, 304, 364, 367, 382, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397,
398, 399, 400, 402, 436, 449, 459 or 460”.
31. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
This led to situations when someone repeatedly evading legal processes of
summons/warrant for any other offence under general penal code of IPC or
any other special law could not be declared as a Proclaimed offender.
By removing the arbitrary list of sections, anyone accused of an offence with
more than 10 years of imprisonment or other special offences could be
declared a proclaimed offender.
32. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Significant defaults are being committed by many loan defaulters who escape
justice by fleeing abroad.
Section 356 has been added to the BNSS which provides for a detailed
procedure for conducting a trial/inquiry in the absence of a person declared
as ‘Proclaimed offender’.
33. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Proclaimed Offenders- Detailed Procedure to be followed
Section 356 of BNSS
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Sanhita or in any other law for the time
being in force,
when a person declared as a proclaimed offender, whether or not charged jointly,
has absconded to evade trial and there is no immediate prospect of arresting him,
it shall be deemed to operate as a waiver of the right of such person to be present
and tried in person, and
the Court shall, after recording reasons in writing, in the interest of justice,
proceed with the trial in the like manner and
with like effect as if he was present,
under this Sanhita and pronounce the judgment
34. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Use of Electronic Mode at Stages of Investigation, Inquiry and Trial
One of the most significant features of BNSS is the introduction of electronic
communication and audio-video electronic means for various procedures
under the BNSS.
BNSS has introduced new definitions which define terms such as “audio-video
electronic” and “electronic communication”.
35. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Use of Electronic Mode at Stages of Investigation, Inquiry and Trial
Summons to witnesses and accused can also be served by electronic
communication.
The form of electronic communication and manner of serving such summon in
electronic communication is to be provided for by the State Government by
way of rules.
Statements can also be recorded by the investigating office by way of audio-
video means.
It is also permissible for the investigating authority to supply documents, such
as the police report etc. in electronic form.
Various courts have allowed the service of summons through electronic
means including through instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp.
This now formally forms a part of the BNSS.
36. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Search and seizure can be recorded by audio-video means including
recording of preparation of seizure list.
A search without warrant is also to be recorded by audio-video means.
The recording is required to be forwarded to the Magistrate without delay.
Section 530 of the BNSS provides that all trials, inquires and proceedings
including appellate proceedings may be held in electronic mode.
37. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Production of Devices Containing Digital Evidence
A Court or an officer in charge of a police station can compel production of
communication devices which are likely to contain digital evidence from the
person who is in possession of such digital evidence.
This provision may give the investigating authority unrestricted use of
electronic device in complete breach of right to privacy as well as privilege.
The positive aspect of having such a provision is that the production of original
devices will ensure the genuineness of the digital evidence.
If such digital evidences have been deleted, with the aid of technology, such
evidences can be retrieved.
38. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Search and seizure
Audio-video recording of search and seizure including preparation of the list of
all things seized.
A search without warrant is also to be recorded by audio-video means.
The recording is required to be forwarded to the Magistrate without delay.
39. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Additional powers for attachment and forfeiture of property
BNSS seeks to provide Magistrate with powers to attach property identified
as ‘proceeds of crime’.
The powers are similar to those granted to the Directorate of Enforcement and
Adjudicating Authority under the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act, 2002
(“PMLA”), however sans any safeguards under the PMLA.
The exercise of powers granted under BNSS is not restricted to schedule of
offences but may cover all offences under the IPC.
The power includes not just tracing the property but also attaching any
equivalent of the property.
40. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
The Magistrate may do so upon an application of an investigating officer
giving reasons to believe that the property is derived or obtained from a
criminal activity or commission of offence.
41. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
The same can be done in the following circumstances:
•The magistrate may direct attachment of property found to be ‘proceeds of
crime’ after hearing all parties concerned.
•The magistrate may also pass an ex parte interim order attaching property if
the magistrate is of the opinion that issuing notice to the owner of the property
for attachment will defeat the object of the attachment or seizure.
•Once the magistrate determines that the property in question is a proceeds of
crime, it will direct the District Magistrate to rateably distribute the property
amongst those who were affected by the crime.
42. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
The Court upon a written request from a police officer (not below the rank of
Superintendent of Police or Commissioner of Police) can initiate the
process of requesting assistance from a Court or authority in a contracting
state for attachment or forfeiture of a proclaimed offender.
The intention behind this provision seems to be either to secure the
presence of fugitives or confiscate properties of fugitives who are evading
summons/investigation/trial and who have properties outside the country.
However, there is a possibility of overlap between this provision and the
Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018, which also provides for requesting
contracting states for execution of order of confiscation of property of
fugitive offenders.
43. BNSS – Criminal Procedure Code
Time bound justice delivery system
BNSS endeavours to address delays in the process of investigation and trial for
which specific timelines have been prescribed.
•Committal proceedings shall be finished within a period of 90 days from the date
of taking cognizance and such period may be extended by a period not
exceeding 180 days;
•Accused and victim shall be supplied a copy of police report and other
documents no later than 14 days from the date of production of or appearance of
accused;
44. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniya – Evidence
Objective
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniya,2023 (hereinafter BSA) is an Act to consolidate and
provide for general rules and principles of evidence for fair trial has been given
assent by the President of India on 25th December 2023.
It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may by
notification in the Official Gazette appoint.
45. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniya – Evidence
Modernising Evidence Admissibility in Indian Legal Proceedings
The BSA pays special attention to electronic evidence, recognizing the expertise
of examiners of electronic evidence as per Section 79A of the IT Act.
This provision emphasizes the relevance of digital evidence, aligning it with the
evolving technological landscape.
Section 61, Section 62, and Section 63 deals with the admissibility of Electronic
and Digital Records.
46. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniya – Evidence
Sections 59, 60, and 61 together establish the framework for the admissibility of
electronic records as evidence in legal proceedings.
Given these provisions, it appears that electronic evidence, as described in
Section 61, can be admitted without the need for special proof under Section 63
of BSA.
47. Let us Recap
Upon Completing this session, you are now able to:
Understand the impact of few provisions of the three new laws on BFSI Industry
BFSI in view of being a critical sector of the Indian economy, the management,
employees, compliance officers, auditors have to spend considerable time, effort
and resource should reskill, upskill so that they can stay ahead of the competition
by complying with the latest laws of India as described above.