The document discusses structural and non-structural measures for reducing risks from different natural hazards like cyclones, droughts, earthquakes, and floods. Structural measures involve physical construction to mitigate hazards, while non-structural measures do not involve construction and instead use practices, policies, and public awareness. Examples of both structural and non-structural measures are provided for each hazard.
The document discusses the economic impacts of hydro-climatic disasters and the need for disaster risk reduction investments. It notes that the costs of natural disasters have increased 14-fold over the last 50 years. Direct impacts include damage to assets and infrastructure while indirect impacts include loss of earnings and productivity. Secondary impacts can persist for years and include declines in GDP, tax revenue, and increases in prices and debt levels. The document advocates for pre-disaster risk transfer mechanisms like insurance and contingency funds to provide immediate relief after disasters and argues that investments in water management can both reduce disaster risks and support development goals.
Explain with example the structural and non structural mitigation programs ta...Jahangir Alam
Disaster Management: Explain with an example the structural and non-structural mitigation programs taken by GoB with reference to disaster risk reduction in Bangladesh
The document discusses methods of flood control and river management. It describes various causes of flooding such as heavy rain, urbanization, dam collapse, and snow melt. Common flood control techniques include building dams and pumping stations, barriers, altering river channels, and controlling land use near rivers. The Mississippi and Nile Rivers are discussed as examples, noting large levee systems on the Mississippi and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile, which was built to control flooding but caused environmental issues.
The document discusses three stages of disaster management: pre-disaster, emergency, and post-disaster. The pre-disaster stage involves preparedness and mitigation. The emergency stage is when damage occurs and efforts are made to provide assistance and minimize problems. The post-disaster stage focuses on restoring normalcy through rebuilding shelters and infrastructure, education, and counseling.
This document outlines the syllabus for a disaster management course. The syllabus covers 5 units: (1) introduction to disasters including definitions, causes and impacts of disasters like earthquakes, floods and droughts; (2) approaches to disaster risk reduction including the disaster cycle and roles of different stakeholders; (3) relationship between disasters and development; (4) disaster risk management in India; and (5) case studies and field works related to different disasters. Key concepts covered include hazards, vulnerability, resilience, and structural vs non-structural disaster risk reduction measures. The syllabus aims to equip students with knowledge on different types of disasters, their impacts and management.
The document summarizes the causes and impacts of flooding in Bangladesh. It discusses both human and physical factors that contribute to floods, including deforestation, urbanization, and geography as the country is located in a huge delta with many rivers. Major floods in 1998 had devastating impacts, displacing many people and damaging homes and infrastructure. In response, the Bangladeshi government and other countries provided emergency relief while aid organizations addressed health and sanitation needs. Long-term solutions to better manage floods are still a challenge.
This document provides an introduction to 1D, 2D, and coupled 1D-2D flood modeling. It discusses the differences between model types in terms of data requirements, preprocessing, setup, and output. 1D models are suitable when flow is primarily uni-directional, while 2D models are needed when flow spreads widely. Coupled 1D-2D models represent the channel in 1D and overflow areas in 2D, avoiding the need for a fine mesh in the channel. The document provides guidelines for selecting a 1D, 2D or coupled model based on study area characteristics.
The document discusses the economic impacts of hydro-climatic disasters and the need for disaster risk reduction investments. It notes that the costs of natural disasters have increased 14-fold over the last 50 years. Direct impacts include damage to assets and infrastructure while indirect impacts include loss of earnings and productivity. Secondary impacts can persist for years and include declines in GDP, tax revenue, and increases in prices and debt levels. The document advocates for pre-disaster risk transfer mechanisms like insurance and contingency funds to provide immediate relief after disasters and argues that investments in water management can both reduce disaster risks and support development goals.
Explain with example the structural and non structural mitigation programs ta...Jahangir Alam
Disaster Management: Explain with an example the structural and non-structural mitigation programs taken by GoB with reference to disaster risk reduction in Bangladesh
The document discusses methods of flood control and river management. It describes various causes of flooding such as heavy rain, urbanization, dam collapse, and snow melt. Common flood control techniques include building dams and pumping stations, barriers, altering river channels, and controlling land use near rivers. The Mississippi and Nile Rivers are discussed as examples, noting large levee systems on the Mississippi and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile, which was built to control flooding but caused environmental issues.
The document discusses three stages of disaster management: pre-disaster, emergency, and post-disaster. The pre-disaster stage involves preparedness and mitigation. The emergency stage is when damage occurs and efforts are made to provide assistance and minimize problems. The post-disaster stage focuses on restoring normalcy through rebuilding shelters and infrastructure, education, and counseling.
This document outlines the syllabus for a disaster management course. The syllabus covers 5 units: (1) introduction to disasters including definitions, causes and impacts of disasters like earthquakes, floods and droughts; (2) approaches to disaster risk reduction including the disaster cycle and roles of different stakeholders; (3) relationship between disasters and development; (4) disaster risk management in India; and (5) case studies and field works related to different disasters. Key concepts covered include hazards, vulnerability, resilience, and structural vs non-structural disaster risk reduction measures. The syllabus aims to equip students with knowledge on different types of disasters, their impacts and management.
The document summarizes the causes and impacts of flooding in Bangladesh. It discusses both human and physical factors that contribute to floods, including deforestation, urbanization, and geography as the country is located in a huge delta with many rivers. Major floods in 1998 had devastating impacts, displacing many people and damaging homes and infrastructure. In response, the Bangladeshi government and other countries provided emergency relief while aid organizations addressed health and sanitation needs. Long-term solutions to better manage floods are still a challenge.
This document provides an introduction to 1D, 2D, and coupled 1D-2D flood modeling. It discusses the differences between model types in terms of data requirements, preprocessing, setup, and output. 1D models are suitable when flow is primarily uni-directional, while 2D models are needed when flow spreads widely. Coupled 1D-2D models represent the channel in 1D and overflow areas in 2D, avoiding the need for a fine mesh in the channel. The document provides guidelines for selecting a 1D, 2D or coupled model based on study area characteristics.
Floods occur when heavy rainfall or melting snow causes river channels and basins to exceed their carrying capacity. They can be exacerbated by human activities like urbanization and deforestation. Around 12% of India's land is flood-prone, particularly areas in the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and peninsular river basins. Flash floods occur in mountainous areas from intense rainfall, while riverine floods result from precipitation over large areas. Floods cause damage to property and infrastructure, loss of life, and waterborne diseases. They also negatively impact agriculture and long-term economic development.
Floods occur when heavy rain or storms cause rivers and streams to overflow their banks, submerging normally dry land under water. Common causes include excessive rain, dam or levee ruptures, rapid snow melt, or blocked river flows. Floods typically result in widespread property damage and loss of life. Major floods in India include the devastating 2005 floods in Maharashtra that killed over 5,000 people, the 2006 floods in North Bihar that damaged over 75,000 hectares of farmland, and the widespread South Asian floods of 2007 that displaced over 13 million Indians. Flood control methods center around altering river channels, building levees, and improving drainage infrastructure.
Flooding is extremely dangerous and can wipe away entire cities and coastal areas, causing extensive damage to life and property. It occurs when an area of dry land is suddenly submerged under water due to heavy rain, river overflow, dam breaking, or snow and ice melt. Flash floods can occur suddenly while others may build over days or months. Flooding destroys infrastructure like roads, bridges, and buildings and disrupts people's lives. It has significant economic and environmental impacts.
Floods are caused by both natural and human factors and can have devastating primary, secondary, and long-term effects. The document discusses various causes of floods such as prolonged rainfall, river obstructions, and deforestation. It also outlines management strategies like constructing dams and reservoirs to regulate water flow, using levees and embankments to contain flood waters, and restoring forests to reduce soil erosion and increase water absorption. While floods are a natural phenomenon, human activities that damage ecosystems and alter landscapes can exacerbate their impacts.
The document provides an introduction to hydrology, including:
- Defining hydrology as the science studying the water cycle and flows between the atmosphere, land, and oceans.
- Describing the key elements of the water cycle, including precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, and the spatial and temporal scales involved.
- Noting that the water cycle sustains life on Earth, shapes its surface, and regulates the climate.
This document discusses flood risk assessment and management. It begins by providing statistics on flood risk globally and in Europe and Italy to demonstrate the significant impacts of flooding. It then defines flooding and different types of floods. The key concepts of risk, hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are introduced. Methods for assessing flood risk are described, including quantifying direct, indirect, and intangible damages through approaches like depth-damage curves, percentages of direct damages, and field surveys. Challenges in assessing indirect and intangible damages are also outlined. The document provides an example of applying these concepts to assess risk in the Valmalenco region of Italy.
The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in disaster risk management. It defines key terms like hazard, vulnerability, risk, and disaster. It then explains the concepts of risk management and the risk triangle. The document outlines the different phases of disaster risk management including prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation. Examples of measures for each phase are also provided.
Floods are a major problem in India, affecting over 40 million hectares of land annually. The majority of rainfall is concentrated over 4 months of monsoon season, causing flooding in major river basins such as the Ganges and Brahmaputra. States like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam and Orissa are most at risk. Proper drainage systems and preparedness measures such as emergency supplies kits can help mitigate flood damage.
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) considers multiple viewpoints in water management decisions and actions. IWRM principles include social equity, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Proper implementation of IWRM requires political will, stakeholder participation, well-defined legal frameworks, adequate investment, capacity building, and comprehensive monitoring. IWRM aims to balance water resources and needs through coordination of natural systems and human uses.
This document discusses floods and methods for estimating peak flood discharge. It begins by defining a flood and design flood. It then describes various methods for estimating peak flood discharge, including using physical indicators, empirical formulas, unit hydrographs, the rational method, and flood frequency studies. As an example of applying the rational method, it calculates the peak discharge for a culvert project in Alberta, Canada with a 50-year return period. It also provides an example of using Gumbel's extreme value distribution to estimate flood discharges with 100-year and 150-year return periods based on annual maximum flood data from 1951-1977.
Overview on risks and disasters from a holistic perspective. How to cope with risks? The GRF Davos integral risk reduction and disaster management approach
presented at the three-day Seminar-Workshop on Effective Records Management held at the Carlos Dominguez Conference Hall, Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Zamboanga City, 2009 Mar 24-6
The document discusses foundation treatment and galleries in concrete gravity dams. Foundation treatment involves preparing the surface by excavating loose soil till bedrock and stepping the surface. It also involves consolidation grouting of the entire foundation before concreting and curtain grouting near the heel after some concreting. Galleries are horizontal or sloping passages in the dam body used for drainage, inspection, aeration, pipe installation, and foundation drilling/grouting. Common gallery types include foundation, inspection, and aeration galleries. Reinforcement is provided at gallery corners to reduce stress concentrations.
The document discusses approaches to disaster risk reduction including the disaster management cycle of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. It outlines the roles of various stakeholders like community groups, local governments, states and central government in disaster management. The document also discusses institutional processes and frameworks at the state and central level for disaster management including State Disaster Management Authorities and early warning systems.
This document discusses methods for selecting design floods for hydraulic structures. It describes three types of design floods: spillway design flood, standard project flood, and probable maximum flood. The spillway design flood is used for spillway design. The standard project flood results from extreme but plausible meteorological conditions. The probable maximum flood represents the physically possible worst case flood. The document also provides examples of calculating design floods using the Gumbel method and defines safety factors and margins of safety for flood discharge estimates.
Definition of drought, Causes of drought, measures for water conservation and
augmentation, drought contingency planning. Water harvesting: rainwater
collection, small dams, runoff enhancement, runoff collection, ponds, tanks.
This document discusses the key elements of dam engineering, including types of dams classified by function, material used, structural behavior, hydraulic design, and rigidity. It also covers critical dam components like spillways, which act as a dam's "safety valve," and spillway gates. Investigations are also conducted for dam design. Embankment dams and their components are specifically examined, along with causes of embankment dam failure and seepage analysis. Recommended references on the topics of irrigation, water resources, water power, and hydraulic structures are also provided.
Structural and non structural measures - Disaster ManagementLeema Margret A
This document discusses both structural and non-structural measures for different natural disasters. Structural measures include protective mangrove planting, cyclone shelters, tsunami walls, irrigation systems, and earthquake resistant construction. Non-structural measures involve administrative actions like floodplain zoning, infrastructure planning, flood proofing, and disaster preparedness planning. Both structural and non-structural approaches are needed to mitigate floods, cyclones, droughts, tsunamis, and earthquakes.
Disaster Mitigation at National and Global levelAbdul Rehman
This document discusses efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels through various mitigation strategies. It defines mitigation as actions taken to prevent or reduce risks from natural hazards. Effective mitigation requires a multidisciplinary approach and close communication between researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. The document then outlines specific risk reduction measures that can be taken for different natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides, cyclones and droughts. These include hazard mapping, land use planning, engineered structures, public awareness campaigns, and adoption of building codes. It emphasizes the need for both structural and non-structural mitigation measures to be incorporated in new development and existing structures.
This document provides an overview of coastal urban flood risk management. It discusses the increased occurrences of floods and their threat to coastal areas. The need to integrate risk management and development approaches is highlighted. Asia has seen a rising trend in flood disasters compared to other disasters in the last 28 years. Coastal cities like Kolkata and Mumbai have high percentages of their areas at risk of flooding. The aim of the study is to plan for resilient urban developments through a flood risk management approach. Objectives include understanding causes and impacts of floods, studying regulations and plans, and applying a Coastal Disaster Risk Index to propose an adaptive strategy for Kochi, India. The scope is a city-level analysis and limitations include data accuracy and quality
Floods occur when heavy rainfall or melting snow causes river channels and basins to exceed their carrying capacity. They can be exacerbated by human activities like urbanization and deforestation. Around 12% of India's land is flood-prone, particularly areas in the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and peninsular river basins. Flash floods occur in mountainous areas from intense rainfall, while riverine floods result from precipitation over large areas. Floods cause damage to property and infrastructure, loss of life, and waterborne diseases. They also negatively impact agriculture and long-term economic development.
Floods occur when heavy rain or storms cause rivers and streams to overflow their banks, submerging normally dry land under water. Common causes include excessive rain, dam or levee ruptures, rapid snow melt, or blocked river flows. Floods typically result in widespread property damage and loss of life. Major floods in India include the devastating 2005 floods in Maharashtra that killed over 5,000 people, the 2006 floods in North Bihar that damaged over 75,000 hectares of farmland, and the widespread South Asian floods of 2007 that displaced over 13 million Indians. Flood control methods center around altering river channels, building levees, and improving drainage infrastructure.
Flooding is extremely dangerous and can wipe away entire cities and coastal areas, causing extensive damage to life and property. It occurs when an area of dry land is suddenly submerged under water due to heavy rain, river overflow, dam breaking, or snow and ice melt. Flash floods can occur suddenly while others may build over days or months. Flooding destroys infrastructure like roads, bridges, and buildings and disrupts people's lives. It has significant economic and environmental impacts.
Floods are caused by both natural and human factors and can have devastating primary, secondary, and long-term effects. The document discusses various causes of floods such as prolonged rainfall, river obstructions, and deforestation. It also outlines management strategies like constructing dams and reservoirs to regulate water flow, using levees and embankments to contain flood waters, and restoring forests to reduce soil erosion and increase water absorption. While floods are a natural phenomenon, human activities that damage ecosystems and alter landscapes can exacerbate their impacts.
The document provides an introduction to hydrology, including:
- Defining hydrology as the science studying the water cycle and flows between the atmosphere, land, and oceans.
- Describing the key elements of the water cycle, including precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, and the spatial and temporal scales involved.
- Noting that the water cycle sustains life on Earth, shapes its surface, and regulates the climate.
This document discusses flood risk assessment and management. It begins by providing statistics on flood risk globally and in Europe and Italy to demonstrate the significant impacts of flooding. It then defines flooding and different types of floods. The key concepts of risk, hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are introduced. Methods for assessing flood risk are described, including quantifying direct, indirect, and intangible damages through approaches like depth-damage curves, percentages of direct damages, and field surveys. Challenges in assessing indirect and intangible damages are also outlined. The document provides an example of applying these concepts to assess risk in the Valmalenco region of Italy.
The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in disaster risk management. It defines key terms like hazard, vulnerability, risk, and disaster. It then explains the concepts of risk management and the risk triangle. The document outlines the different phases of disaster risk management including prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation. Examples of measures for each phase are also provided.
Floods are a major problem in India, affecting over 40 million hectares of land annually. The majority of rainfall is concentrated over 4 months of monsoon season, causing flooding in major river basins such as the Ganges and Brahmaputra. States like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam and Orissa are most at risk. Proper drainage systems and preparedness measures such as emergency supplies kits can help mitigate flood damage.
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) considers multiple viewpoints in water management decisions and actions. IWRM principles include social equity, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Proper implementation of IWRM requires political will, stakeholder participation, well-defined legal frameworks, adequate investment, capacity building, and comprehensive monitoring. IWRM aims to balance water resources and needs through coordination of natural systems and human uses.
This document discusses floods and methods for estimating peak flood discharge. It begins by defining a flood and design flood. It then describes various methods for estimating peak flood discharge, including using physical indicators, empirical formulas, unit hydrographs, the rational method, and flood frequency studies. As an example of applying the rational method, it calculates the peak discharge for a culvert project in Alberta, Canada with a 50-year return period. It also provides an example of using Gumbel's extreme value distribution to estimate flood discharges with 100-year and 150-year return periods based on annual maximum flood data from 1951-1977.
Overview on risks and disasters from a holistic perspective. How to cope with risks? The GRF Davos integral risk reduction and disaster management approach
presented at the three-day Seminar-Workshop on Effective Records Management held at the Carlos Dominguez Conference Hall, Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Zamboanga City, 2009 Mar 24-6
The document discusses foundation treatment and galleries in concrete gravity dams. Foundation treatment involves preparing the surface by excavating loose soil till bedrock and stepping the surface. It also involves consolidation grouting of the entire foundation before concreting and curtain grouting near the heel after some concreting. Galleries are horizontal or sloping passages in the dam body used for drainage, inspection, aeration, pipe installation, and foundation drilling/grouting. Common gallery types include foundation, inspection, and aeration galleries. Reinforcement is provided at gallery corners to reduce stress concentrations.
The document discusses approaches to disaster risk reduction including the disaster management cycle of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. It outlines the roles of various stakeholders like community groups, local governments, states and central government in disaster management. The document also discusses institutional processes and frameworks at the state and central level for disaster management including State Disaster Management Authorities and early warning systems.
This document discusses methods for selecting design floods for hydraulic structures. It describes three types of design floods: spillway design flood, standard project flood, and probable maximum flood. The spillway design flood is used for spillway design. The standard project flood results from extreme but plausible meteorological conditions. The probable maximum flood represents the physically possible worst case flood. The document also provides examples of calculating design floods using the Gumbel method and defines safety factors and margins of safety for flood discharge estimates.
Definition of drought, Causes of drought, measures for water conservation and
augmentation, drought contingency planning. Water harvesting: rainwater
collection, small dams, runoff enhancement, runoff collection, ponds, tanks.
This document discusses the key elements of dam engineering, including types of dams classified by function, material used, structural behavior, hydraulic design, and rigidity. It also covers critical dam components like spillways, which act as a dam's "safety valve," and spillway gates. Investigations are also conducted for dam design. Embankment dams and their components are specifically examined, along with causes of embankment dam failure and seepage analysis. Recommended references on the topics of irrigation, water resources, water power, and hydraulic structures are also provided.
Structural and non structural measures - Disaster ManagementLeema Margret A
This document discusses both structural and non-structural measures for different natural disasters. Structural measures include protective mangrove planting, cyclone shelters, tsunami walls, irrigation systems, and earthquake resistant construction. Non-structural measures involve administrative actions like floodplain zoning, infrastructure planning, flood proofing, and disaster preparedness planning. Both structural and non-structural approaches are needed to mitigate floods, cyclones, droughts, tsunamis, and earthquakes.
Disaster Mitigation at National and Global levelAbdul Rehman
This document discusses efforts to mitigate natural disasters at national and global levels through various mitigation strategies. It defines mitigation as actions taken to prevent or reduce risks from natural hazards. Effective mitigation requires a multidisciplinary approach and close communication between researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. The document then outlines specific risk reduction measures that can be taken for different natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides, cyclones and droughts. These include hazard mapping, land use planning, engineered structures, public awareness campaigns, and adoption of building codes. It emphasizes the need for both structural and non-structural mitigation measures to be incorporated in new development and existing structures.
This document provides an overview of coastal urban flood risk management. It discusses the increased occurrences of floods and their threat to coastal areas. The need to integrate risk management and development approaches is highlighted. Asia has seen a rising trend in flood disasters compared to other disasters in the last 28 years. Coastal cities like Kolkata and Mumbai have high percentages of their areas at risk of flooding. The aim of the study is to plan for resilient urban developments through a flood risk management approach. Objectives include understanding causes and impacts of floods, studying regulations and plans, and applying a Coastal Disaster Risk Index to propose an adaptive strategy for Kochi, India. The scope is a city-level analysis and limitations include data accuracy and quality
About disaster resistant structure in architecture construction. all the measure from flood, earthquake, landslide, cyclones are given in this ppt, and about the disaster resistant structure.
The document discusses various types of disasters including natural disasters like floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides and drought as well as human-induced disasters. It defines key terms like hazard, disaster, vulnerability, risk and disaster management. It then describes specific hazards in more detail and outlines both structural and non-structural mitigation strategies that can be taken to reduce the risks and impacts of each hazard. These include strategies like constructing shelters and embankments, enforcing building codes, land use planning, and raising community awareness.
Disaster Management Flooding and Landslidesonika patel
Management of disaster on the basis of Guidelines framework, of landslide & Flooding with the respective case study and flood forecasting and management
Flood Disaster, Vulnerability and Flood Resilience_ Prevention and Disaster ...Adedoyin Lasisi
Floods are the most common natural disaster in Nigeria. They can devastate communities and cause massive economic losses. Vulnerability to floods is influenced by location, population density, infrastructure, and land use planning. Building flood resilience requires prevention through measures like flood barriers and drainage systems. It also requires early warning systems, disaster risk reduction, and community preparedness. Success stories demonstrate how measures like raised housing, pumps, and green infrastructure can effectively manage flood risks.
Dr. Kwame Emmanuel Build Better Jamaica Presentation at Caribbean School of A...BuildBetterJamaica
Build Better Jamaica spokesperson Dr. Kwame Emmanuel presents an overview of Build Better Jamaica project, "Developing Design Concepts for Climate Change Resilient Buildings" at the Caribbean School of Architecture, University of Technology, Kingston, Jamaica.
This document discusses the concepts, objectives, planning, and measures of watershed management. It defines a watershed as a drainage area that contributes surface water runoff to a common point. The key objectives of watershed management are to conserve and utilize water resources within the watershed for the benefit of local communities through practices like water harvesting, soil conservation, and flood control. Effective watershed management requires assessing hydrological and socioeconomic factors and developing a comprehensive plan that identifies problems, proposed solutions, costs/benefits, and responsibilities of various stakeholders. The plan should aim to balance environmental protection, water management, and land use. Common watershed management measures include both non-structural practices like altered cropping patterns and structural practices like
Front-loading Urban Stormwater Management For Success.pptxIpsitaDutta13
Recent work into the implementation of low-impact development (LID) suggests that a
decentralized, source-control approach has the potential to significantly reduce urban
stormwater runoff quantity. The practice of retrofit stormwater management is currently
dominated by demonstration projects, and some additional momentum is required to spur
upscaling of LID practices so that the scale of this management approach can better
match the scale of disturbance, and furthermore broaden adoption of these practices. This
momentum may be provided in part by targeted research into effectiveness of stormwater
best management practices insofar as research accounts for cost and effectiveness (e.g.,
water quality benefits, and actual stormwater capture) under a variety of climate
conditions. We posit that the factors of increasing public participation in stormwater
management; engaging local agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs);
application of proven source control methods to mitigate runoff formation; and science-
based, comprehensive monitoring strategies are all important to the sustainable
implementation of retrofit low-impact development. From the perspective of federal
researchers and local NGOs, this paper presents features, objectives, and costs of recent
efforts to properly scale demonstration projects and broader LID initiatives. In order to
realize the full benefits of decentralized LID stormwater management practices in urban
and suburban areas, we conclude that a nexus must exist of a motivated and engaged
citizenry, solid support from municipal and regional agencies, sound source control
management practices, and follow-up monitoring to judge effectiveness.
Front-loading Urban Stormwater Management For Success.pptxIpsitaDutta13
Recent work into the implementation of low-impact development (LID) suggests that a
decentralized, source-control approach has the potential to significantly reduce urban
stormwater runoff quantity. The practice of retrofit stormwater management is currently
dominated by demonstration projects, and some additional momentum is required to spur
upscaling of LID practices so that the scale of this management approach can better
match the scale of disturbance, and furthermore broaden adoption of these practices. This
momentum may be provided in part by targeted research into effectiveness of stormwater
best management practices insofar as research accounts for cost and effectiveness (e.g.,
water quality benefits, and actual stormwater capture) under a variety of climate
conditions. We posit that the factors of increasing public participation in stormwater
management; engaging local agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs);
application of proven source control methods to mitigate runoff formation; and science-
based, comprehensive monitoring strategies are all important to the sustainable
implementation of retrofit low-impact development. From the perspective of federal
researchers and local NGOs, this paper presents features, objectives, and costs of recent
efforts to properly scale demonstration projects and broader LID initiatives. In order to
realize the full benefits of decentralized LID stormwater management practices in urban
and suburban areas, we conclude that a nexus must exist of a motivated and engaged
citizenry, solid support from municipal and regional agencies, sound source control
management practices, and follow-up monitoring to judge effectiveness.
The document discusses modern disaster management approaches and focuses on mitigation and disaster risk reduction. It describes the four phases of disaster management as mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation, also called disaster risk reduction, aims to reduce the impacts of hazards before they occur through both structural measures like building codes and non-structural measures like education programs. The document then provides details on different types of mitigation strategies used in Bangladesh to reduce risks from floods and cyclones, including embankments, cyclone shelters, and coastal afforestation. It also discusses challenges with solely relying on structural measures and the importance of combining both structural and non-structural approaches.
The Economics of Disaster: Reduction, Mitigation, and MainstreamingLynn Hammett
An overview of consequences of natural disaster and methods to reduce vulnerability. Risk management, mitigation, and preparedness through risk mapping and infrastructure design are highlighted.
Disaster management and mitigation of disasterARUNKUMARC39
The document discusses the application of science and technology for disaster management and mitigation. It describes how geo-informatics tools like remote sensing, GIS and GPS can help in disaster management activities such as preparedness, mitigation, response and relief. It also discusses various structural and non-structural mitigation measures for different disasters like earthquakes, floods, cyclones etc. Finally, it lists some key science and technology institutions in India that work on disaster management.
APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT & MITIGATIONAditya Mistry
The document discusses the application of science and technology for disaster management and mitigation. It describes how geo-informatics tools like remote sensing, GIS and GPS can help in disaster management activities such as preparedness, mitigation, response and relief. It also discusses various structural and non-structural mitigation measures for different disasters like earthquakes, floods, cyclones etc. Finally, it lists some key science and technology institutions in India that work on disaster management.
This presentation was delivered by Dr. Jeremy Carew-Reid, Director General of ICEM at the 5th Greater Mekong Subregion Environment Minister's Meeting in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 30 January to 1 February 2018. The presentation demonstrates how green infrastructure can enhance resilience and sustainability in urban areas and across rural landscapes.
Developing countries are not yet well adapted even to current climate risks: floods, droughts and storm. Yet those risks are becoming harsher as the world warms, climate extremes become more intense, and the oceans rise – the consequences of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions.
This presentation highlights the findings and lessons learned from the evaluation of World Bank Group Experience in Cliamte Adaptation.
Stormwater management design must adhere to regulations while considering local conditions and infrastructure needs. Effective systems can improve water quality, reduce flooding, and enhance livability through green infrastructure like bioretention and permeable pavements. Challenges include climate uncertainty, limited space, and protecting ecosystems, but well-designed projects showcase stormwater's benefits through beautiful, multi-purpose landscapes.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)FAO
This document discusses Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA). It defines DRR as reducing disaster risks through analyzing and managing causal factors, reducing exposure to hazards, lessening vulnerability, improving land and environment management, and preparing for adverse events. CCA is defined as adjusting systems in response to actual or expected climate impacts to moderate potential damages or benefit from opportunities. The document outlines international processes and agendas for DRR and CCA and priorities for action. It discusses rationales for and barriers to harnessing synergies between DRR and CCA, and approaches to facilitate their integration, such as improved access to climate information and risk governance.
Similar to Structural and non-structural measure.pptx (20)
Parabolic antenna alignment system with Real-Time Angle Position FeedbackStevenPatrick17
Introduction
Parabolic antennas are a crucial component in many communication systems, including satellite communications, radio telescopes, and television broadcasting. Ensuring these antennas are properly aligned is vital for optimal performance and signal strength. A parabolic antenna alignment system, equipped with real-time angle position feedback and fault tracking, is designed to address this need. This document delves into the components, design, and implementation of such a system, highlighting its significance and applications.
Importance of Parabolic Antenna Alignment
The alignment of a parabolic antenna directly affects its performance. Even minor misalignments can lead to significant signal loss, which can degrade the quality of the received signal or cause communication failures. Proper alignment ensures that the antenna's focal point is accurately directed toward the signal source, maximizing the antenna's gain and efficiency. This precision is especially crucial in applications like satellite communications, where the antenna must track geostationary satellites with high accuracy.
Components of a Parabolic Antenna Alignment System
A parabolic antenna alignment system typically includes the following components:
Parabolic Dish: The primary reflector that collects and focuses incoming signals.
Feedhorn and Low Noise Block (LNB): Positioned at the dish's focal point to receive signals.
Stepper or Servo Motors: Adjust the azimuth (horizontal) and elevation (vertical) angles of the antenna.
Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi): Processes sensor data and controls the motors.
Potentiometers: Provide feedback on the antenna's current angle positions.
Fault Detection Sensors: Monitor for potential faults such as cable discontinuities or LNB failures.
Control Software: Runs on the microcontroller, handling real-time processing and decision-making.
Real-Time Angle Position Feedback
Real-time feedback on the antenna's angle position is essential for maintaining precise alignment. This feedback is typically provided by potentiometers or rotary encoders, which continuously monitor the azimuth and elevation angles. The microcontroller reads this data and adjusts the motors accordingly to keep the antenna aligned with the signal source.
Fault Tracking in Antenna Alignment Systems
Fault tracking is vital for the reliability and performance of the antenna system. Common faults include cable discontinuities, LNB malfunctions, and motor failures. Sensors integrated into the system can detect these faults and either notify the user or initiate corrective actions automatically.
Design and Implementation
1. Parabolic Dish and Feedhorn
The parabolic dish is designed to reflect incoming signals to a focal point where the feedhorn and LNB are located. The dish's size and shape depend on the specific application and frequency range.
2. Motors and Position Control
Stepper motors or servo motors are used to control the azimuth and elevation of
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Biography and career of Gerry Falletta.pdfGerry Falletta
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2. Structural measures are any
physical construction to reduce or
avoid possible impacts of hazards,
or the application of engineering
techniques or technology to
achieve hazard resistance and
resilience in structures or systems.
3. What are non-structural measures in
disaster?
Non-structural measures are measures not
involving physical construction which use
knowledge, practice or agreement to
reduce disaster risks and impacts, in
particular through policies and laws, public
awareness raising, training and education.
5. STRUCTURAL MEASURES FOR CYCLONE
▪ Engineering measures such as cyclone shelter is one of the key cyclone
mitigation measure adapted
▪ For effective employment and management of cyclone shelters,
multipurpose versions have been built in carefully selected locations,
identifying uses for both normal and disaster periods.
▪ Cyclone shelters demonstrate an excellent dual purpose use during non-
disaster periods and cyclones.
▪ Retrofitting Non-engineered Structures
▪ Saline embankments and Raised embankment or levees
6. Non Structural measures for Cyclone
• Hazard mapping
• Land use planning
• Flood management
• Improving vegetation cover
• Mangrove plantation
8. DROUGHT RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
▪ Deep tube wells in the region to increase agriculturalproductivity.
▪ Irrigation is necessary for many types of crops, especially forrice
cultivation.
▪ There is a significant development of irrigation systems nowadays in
compared to 1980s.
▪ Construction of deep wells and bore wells and repair of those which
are defunct and continuous repair of hand pumps.
9. Non-Structural measures
Early warning;
Early response;
An efficient intelligence system;
Climate resilient crops
Timely maintenance of the irrigation system and adoption of
a crop stabilization strategy;
An effective programme of relief works by advance shelf of
projects of the works by different departments
Alternate arrangements for drinking-water supply;
Pre-positioning of adequate foodstuff and their delivery
11. EARTHQUAKE RISK REDUCTION
MEASURES
▪ Adequate sustainable land use planning with seismic microzoning
mapping.
▪ The link between land use master planning for earthquake protection
and other urban planning protection measures and the control of
building quality are so interrelated.
▪ Very high resolution satellites are being used for the detection of
tectonic movement of the earth and earth’s fault zones
▪ Further to that, seismic vulnerability maps of the buildings and
earthquake prevention plan for urban areas are some other useful
measures for earthquake prevention.
12. Structural measures
• IS Codes – IS1893
• Seismic dampers
• Base isolation technique
• Diaphragm walls
• Plan/Shape of the building
• Urban development rules – DCR, CMDA,etc
14. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(STRUCTURAL)
▪ Structural measure refers to those disasters management or mitigation
tools which have physical entity such as embankment, flood or cyclone
shelter, dam etc.
▪ Structural measures aim at protecting an area up to certain level of
flooding. It can be divided into five categories:
▪ Storage reservoir or basins to restrict overflow.
▪ Retarding basins to lower the flow of flooding
▪ Levees and floodwalls to confine floodwaters
▪ Improvement of channel capacity
▪ Some structural measures such as Flood Embankment, Channel Improvement,
River Training, Coastal Embankment etc. to combat the flood sufferings.
15. ▪ There are some options of structural measures-
▪ Dams and Reservoirs for impounding excess runoff.
▪ Detention basin, Retention Pond to lower the level of flooding downstream. (Not
feasible due to topographical limitation.)
▪ Embankment, Dyke, Polder,Levee, Bund, or Flood wall to block the movement of
water from rivers to floodplain. (most preferred option)
▪ Improvement of Conveyance Capacity (planned but not done due to cost element)
▪ Flood bye pass, flood diversion ( notfeasible)
▪ Watershed Management and afforestation (not practiced.)
FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(STRUCTURAL)
16. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(STRUCTURAL)
▪ In India
▪ Flood Embankment,
▪ Channel Improvement,
▪ River Training,
▪ Coastal Embankment etc. to combat the flood sufferings.
▪ Among these structural measures, construction of embankment ismost
popular and very old practice. This is also a very cheap method
compared to other structural measures.
17. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(STRUCTURAL)
▪ Since 1960s, India government is involved in large scale flood control
projects and by 1993 over 8,000km of embankments and other
structures had been built at a cost of over US$5bilion.
▪ Loop embankments have been built to protect major urban centres
and coastal agricultural land while submersible embankments have
been constructed for crop production and protection against flash
floods in certain areas.
18. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(STRUCTURAL)
▪ Impacts of Structural measures
▪ With the experience over the last few decades, it was observedthat
the structural measures do not usually bring only blessings. They
also have adverse effect.
▪ The adverse effects always do not appear shortly after their
construction but become apparent with the elapse of time.
20. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(NON-STRUCTURAL)
▪ Non-Structural Measure to reduce loss or damage by administrative
measures. It does not control or affect the process ofinundation.
▪ Flood Plain Zoning &Management;
▪ Policies for infrastructure Planning and Development in the flood plains;
▪ Flood Proofing;
▪ Disaster Preparedness & Response Planning and
▪ Flood Forecasting and Warning.
▪ Flood fighting,
▪ Evacuation and shelter management,
▪ Flood insurance
21. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(NON-STRUCTURAL)
▪ Non-Structural Measure
▪ Raised community areas with basic human needs.
▪ Home placed at higher elevations and built with flood resistant materials.
▪ Flood resistant infrastructure to continue critical services during floods.
▪ Floodplain zoning
▪ Changes in cropping pattern
▪ Training and Public Awareness
▪ Institutional Arrangements
▪ Flood Warning System
▪ Local Disaster Action Plans
▪ flood forecasting and warning were later incorporated as it was felt that
structural measures alone could not mitigate flood problems.
22. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(NON-STRUCTURAL)
▪ Non-structural mitigation measures undertaken focus on preparedness
and possibilities for action to reduce risks and losses and better co-
ordination mechanisms between all actors involved (GO, NGO and
community people at grass- root level) during all phases of any disaster.
▪ Due to increased population pressure it is a typical scenario in
India that the human habitat is extending more and more towards
flood plains, which are vulnerable to recurrent flood.
▪ Moreover, more lands of the flood plains are being occupied and
converted to habitat and agricultural lands, which were mostly, back
swamp. Flood plains are generally regarded as the extended portion of
the main river channel.
23. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(NON-STRUCTURAL)
▪ Flood plain zoning and management is the effective means of
regulating habitat construction and agricultural use with minimum
interference to the natural condition prevailing in the flood plains.
▪ Due to a swell in population in the flood plains, the governments are
bound to undertake more and more development projects in the flood
plains.
▪ Policy formulation should be on the basis of scientific studyand
research
24. FLOOD RISK REDUCTION MEASURES
(NON-STRUCTURAL)
▪ Flood proofing is a measure, which has been found to have less adverse
effects. In most of the flood prone areas in India, the people used to flood
proofing technique in such a way that people build their houses on the built-
up earthen mounds. This is being in practice for centuries. Community
participation and awareness are very important in the flood proofing
measures.
▪ Many of the damages of the floods can be reduced to a great extent through a
proper Disaster Preparedness and Response Planning. For the Disaster
Preparedness regarding the flood, the most important tool is the Flood
Forecasting and Warning System. With the current advancement in the
information technology and hydrological and hydraulic sciences, it is possible
to provide most accurate advance warning
▪ In this regard assessment of response of the people to the flood warning is
very important element in response planning. Disaster Preparedness program
cannot be made successful without proper response planning.
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