The document discusses software design principles and methods. It notes that software design is a creative problem-solving activity that requires expertise rather than following rigid recipes or methods. While early design methods aimed to systematize development, they have increased complexity and may not reflect how expert designers work opportunistically. The field would benefit from developing designers' skills rather than pretending design is just following procedures.
The document discusses the history and evolution of ideas in software design. It covers structured programming principles from the 1960s-1970s such as restricting control structures, using levels of abstraction, stepwise refinement, and program families. It also discusses design methods such as abstract data types, system structure with a focus on modularity, and the differences between stepwise refinement and module specification.
An agent based approach for building complex software systemsIcaro Santos
1) The document discusses an agent-based approach for developing complex software systems. It argues that agent-oriented approaches are well-suited for building distributed systems due to their ability to model complexity, interactions, and organizational relationships.
2) Complex systems inherently exhibit hierarchy, nearly decomposable subsystems, and changing interactions. An agent-based approach models a system as autonomous agents that can achieve objectives through flexible and decentralized interactions.
3) Key advantages of the agent approach include its use of agents, interactions, and organizations as natural abstractions to represent subsystems, components, and relationships in complex systems. It also allows runtime determination of interactions to reduce coupling between components.
This document describes a tool developed to measure continuous complexity in software. The tool measures complexity along three dimensions: number of steps, number of context shifts, and working memory load. It provides faster feedback to developers during the development process. While focused on continuous complexity, it also allows developers to document cases of discontinuous complexity, where usability is severely hindered. The goal is to provide a practical way for developers to quantify and reduce complexity throughout the development cycle.
BARRIERS SURROUNDING KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN NON-COLLOCATED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTU...IJASCSE
This document summarizes a study on the barriers surrounding knowledge transfer in non-collocated software architecture development. The study conducted interviews with 30 experts from software companies in Malaysia. The interviews aimed to identify the external conditions that inhibit effective knowledge transfer between remotely located teams. The most commonly cited conditions were physical distance between teams, differences in team capabilities and experiences, and a lack of time. The study takes a perspective of looking at these conditions not just as barriers, but also as hidden opportunities to improve team capabilities through knowledge transfer.
- Reference architectures that provide templates for common system types
- Design patterns that capture successful solutions to recurring problems
- Architectural patterns that describe best practices for system organization
- Legacy applications that can be analyzed for reusable architectural elements
This document proposes a technical approach to building decentralized computer systems. It suggests distributing functions as independent "servers" that abstract data through high-level operations and communicate with "requestors" via standard message protocols. This requestor-server model has advantages over traditional distributed databases by allowing for modularity and performance improvements. It argues this approach is better suited for decentralized organizations by giving autonomy over function and data to individual parts of the system, while still allowing integration through common messaging standards.
This document summarizes key insights from a presentation on viewing project management through the lens of complexity theory. It discusses how complexity theory originated in the study of natural systems and how its concepts like emergence and non-linearity are relevant to project management. It also notes that while general systems theory promised to connect different fields, project management, cybernetics, and systems thinking ultimately diverged. The document reviews different perspectives on categorizing project complexity and shares insights from interviews where project managers discussed experiencing uncertainty, renegotiating plans, and maintaining progress despite radical uncertainty.
The document discusses the history and evolution of ideas in software design. It covers structured programming principles from the 1960s-1970s such as restricting control structures, using levels of abstraction, stepwise refinement, and program families. It also discusses design methods such as abstract data types, system structure with a focus on modularity, and the differences between stepwise refinement and module specification.
An agent based approach for building complex software systemsIcaro Santos
1) The document discusses an agent-based approach for developing complex software systems. It argues that agent-oriented approaches are well-suited for building distributed systems due to their ability to model complexity, interactions, and organizational relationships.
2) Complex systems inherently exhibit hierarchy, nearly decomposable subsystems, and changing interactions. An agent-based approach models a system as autonomous agents that can achieve objectives through flexible and decentralized interactions.
3) Key advantages of the agent approach include its use of agents, interactions, and organizations as natural abstractions to represent subsystems, components, and relationships in complex systems. It also allows runtime determination of interactions to reduce coupling between components.
This document describes a tool developed to measure continuous complexity in software. The tool measures complexity along three dimensions: number of steps, number of context shifts, and working memory load. It provides faster feedback to developers during the development process. While focused on continuous complexity, it also allows developers to document cases of discontinuous complexity, where usability is severely hindered. The goal is to provide a practical way for developers to quantify and reduce complexity throughout the development cycle.
BARRIERS SURROUNDING KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN NON-COLLOCATED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTU...IJASCSE
This document summarizes a study on the barriers surrounding knowledge transfer in non-collocated software architecture development. The study conducted interviews with 30 experts from software companies in Malaysia. The interviews aimed to identify the external conditions that inhibit effective knowledge transfer between remotely located teams. The most commonly cited conditions were physical distance between teams, differences in team capabilities and experiences, and a lack of time. The study takes a perspective of looking at these conditions not just as barriers, but also as hidden opportunities to improve team capabilities through knowledge transfer.
- Reference architectures that provide templates for common system types
- Design patterns that capture successful solutions to recurring problems
- Architectural patterns that describe best practices for system organization
- Legacy applications that can be analyzed for reusable architectural elements
This document proposes a technical approach to building decentralized computer systems. It suggests distributing functions as independent "servers" that abstract data through high-level operations and communicate with "requestors" via standard message protocols. This requestor-server model has advantages over traditional distributed databases by allowing for modularity and performance improvements. It argues this approach is better suited for decentralized organizations by giving autonomy over function and data to individual parts of the system, while still allowing integration through common messaging standards.
This document summarizes key insights from a presentation on viewing project management through the lens of complexity theory. It discusses how complexity theory originated in the study of natural systems and how its concepts like emergence and non-linearity are relevant to project management. It also notes that while general systems theory promised to connect different fields, project management, cybernetics, and systems thinking ultimately diverged. The document reviews different perspectives on categorizing project complexity and shares insights from interviews where project managers discussed experiencing uncertainty, renegotiating plans, and maintaining progress despite radical uncertainty.
Exraindo informações de negócio a partir de logs de aplicações dom o ELKMarcus Vinicius Leandro
O documento discute o uso da solução ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash e Kibana) para extrair informações de negócio a partir de logs de aplicações. Apresenta os desafios iniciais de análise manual e lentos dos logs, a construção da solução ELK para coleta e análise em tempo real dos dados, e os primeiros resultados como redução do tempo de troubleshooting. Também mostra dashboards criados no Kibana para métricas de desempenho transacional e análises de negócio.
This document discusses the development of a new type of battery that could revolutionize energy storage. It describes how the battery uses a solid electrolyte material that conducts ions quickly without using liquid electrolytes. This leads to a battery that charges faster, lasts longer and poses less risk of leaks or fires. The solid-state battery is expected to be commercially available within the next five years and could replace lithium-ion batteries in many applications.
Este documento apresenta uma solução para monitoramento de logs de aplicações utilizando a stack ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash e Kibana). Apresenta a necessidade de coleta centralizada de logs de diversas tecnologias, a solução proposta com cada ferramenta da stack ELK, a instalação, configuração, inicialização e topologia da solução.
AngularJS: A framework to make your life easierWilson Mendes
AngularJS is a javascript framework built and maintained by Google engineers Group, it uses HTML as a "template engine", all this in order to provide a complete solution for the client-side of your application. Also has full compatibility with the most used javascript libraries such as jQuery. It's a new concept for developing web apps client-site.
The staff meeting focused on planning an alternate site evacuation drill. Staff were asked to review evacuation procedures before the meeting to discuss how to improve safety plans. On April 1st, staff would participate in a lockdown drill and evacuation to the designated alternate site, the Chisago Community Center. On May 23rd, a drill with students would take place. Staff were given questions to consider regarding the logistics and roles for an off-site evacuation. The role of law enforcement would also be discussed. Staff were asked to review lockdown and evacuation procedures in preparation for the meeting.
The document discusses key aspects of e-business models and factors for success. It covers:
1) New e-business models like flash sales, subscriptions, social bookmarking, collaborative commerce, and next generation marketplaces.
2) Categories of e-business models including B2C, B2B, B2G, C2C, and C2B.
3) Factors that affect e-business success such as the network effect, innovative marketing, scalability, ease of entry, and ability to adapt to changes.
The document discusses requirements and design specifications for software systems. It provides definitions and descriptions of requirements specifications, design specifications, and the contents of requirements documents. Key points covered include:
- Requirements specifications define the services a system is expected to provide, acting as a contract between procurer and developer.
- Design specifications describe how requirements will be achieved and are intended for designers/implementers rather than users/management.
- Contents of requirements documents typically include system description, model, evolution, functional requirements, constraints, priorities, and interfaces.
- Requirements must be testable, consistent, complete, and unambiguous.
Rescop B.V. provides regulatory compliance solutions for automated systems, document management, and CAPA processes. It offers software solutions and consulting services to help clients maintain compliance. Rescop's software products include solutions for document management (RC-DMS), deviation handling and CAPA (RC-CAPA), inventory management (RC-CMDB), electronic logbooks (RC-Logbook), validation master planning (RC-VMP), and validation/qualification project management (RC-SDLC). The company aims to help clients efficiently achieve and maintain regulatory compliance through standardized, paperless processes and centralized electronic systems.
This document outlines a marketing plan for Taco Bell. It provides background on Taco Bell including its founding, number of locations, and ownership. It then discusses Taco Bell's challenges in changing perceptions about quality and service. The plan proposes using Facebook, Twitter, blogging and public relations to showcase deals, events, and community involvement. It will evaluate success through analytics and allocate budget evenly across media, emphasizing blogging and PR. The timeline is to advertise year-round with possible increased spending in summer months.
This document discusses solving for unknown forces and reactions in statically determinate structures using free body diagrams and equations of equilibrium. Key examples shown include solving for support reactions on a simply supported beam with a central point load, and demonstrating that a structure with more unknowns than equations is statically indeterminate.
This document appears to be a list of names of children in a class about felines who are working on self-portraits. The names listed are Núria, Sira, Adrián, Carla, Gerard, Andrea, Marina, and Judith.
Makalah ini membahas tentang autisme pada anak. Ada beberapa poin penting yang diangkat, yaitu: (1) pengertian autisme sebagai gangguan perkembangan pervasif yang menyebabkan kesulitan dalam berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi sosial, (2) gejala klinis seperti penarikan diri, kesulitan berkomunikasi, dan perilaku ritualistik, (3) penanganannya memerlukan pendekatan multidisplin meliputi terapi edukasi,
Este documento discute como monitorar a infraestrutura usando o Elasticsearch. Ele descreve como o Elasticsearch, Kibana e Beats (Winlogbeat, Metricbeat) podem ser usados para indexar, pesquisar e analisar dados em tempo real de CPUs, rede, memória, disco e processos, e fornecer dashboards para visualização. Ele também explica como instalar e configurar esses produtos da Elastic.
The document outlines an Ocean Observations user experience session on designing for a startup weekend, including introductions of the presenters, an overview of Ocean Observations and its process for UX design. The session covers principles of user experience design like structure, simplicity and feedback and provides a graphic design crash course covering topics like wireframes, inspiration, iteration and delivering on time.
1. Scenario based design uses narratives or stories to describe how users will interact with a system. These scenarios help designers understand user needs and how people will accomplish tasks with the system.
2. Scenarios are both concrete, providing specific examples of usage, and flexible, allowing for refinement and elaboration. This helps designers manage the fluid nature of design situations.
3. Considering scenarios promotes a work-oriented design process focused on the needs of users. Scenarios also help designers reflect on and evaluate their work throughout the design process.
SE2018_Lec 18_ Design Principles and Design PatternsAmr E. Mohamed
The document discusses software design patterns. It defines design patterns as general and reusable solutions to commonly occurring problems in software design. It describes the key parts of a design pattern as the pattern name, the problem it addresses, the solution it provides, and the consequences of applying the pattern. The document also outlines some of the benefits of using design patterns such as codifying good design practices and providing a common vocabulary for designers.
Exraindo informações de negócio a partir de logs de aplicações dom o ELKMarcus Vinicius Leandro
O documento discute o uso da solução ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash e Kibana) para extrair informações de negócio a partir de logs de aplicações. Apresenta os desafios iniciais de análise manual e lentos dos logs, a construção da solução ELK para coleta e análise em tempo real dos dados, e os primeiros resultados como redução do tempo de troubleshooting. Também mostra dashboards criados no Kibana para métricas de desempenho transacional e análises de negócio.
This document discusses the development of a new type of battery that could revolutionize energy storage. It describes how the battery uses a solid electrolyte material that conducts ions quickly without using liquid electrolytes. This leads to a battery that charges faster, lasts longer and poses less risk of leaks or fires. The solid-state battery is expected to be commercially available within the next five years and could replace lithium-ion batteries in many applications.
Este documento apresenta uma solução para monitoramento de logs de aplicações utilizando a stack ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash e Kibana). Apresenta a necessidade de coleta centralizada de logs de diversas tecnologias, a solução proposta com cada ferramenta da stack ELK, a instalação, configuração, inicialização e topologia da solução.
AngularJS: A framework to make your life easierWilson Mendes
AngularJS is a javascript framework built and maintained by Google engineers Group, it uses HTML as a "template engine", all this in order to provide a complete solution for the client-side of your application. Also has full compatibility with the most used javascript libraries such as jQuery. It's a new concept for developing web apps client-site.
The staff meeting focused on planning an alternate site evacuation drill. Staff were asked to review evacuation procedures before the meeting to discuss how to improve safety plans. On April 1st, staff would participate in a lockdown drill and evacuation to the designated alternate site, the Chisago Community Center. On May 23rd, a drill with students would take place. Staff were given questions to consider regarding the logistics and roles for an off-site evacuation. The role of law enforcement would also be discussed. Staff were asked to review lockdown and evacuation procedures in preparation for the meeting.
The document discusses key aspects of e-business models and factors for success. It covers:
1) New e-business models like flash sales, subscriptions, social bookmarking, collaborative commerce, and next generation marketplaces.
2) Categories of e-business models including B2C, B2B, B2G, C2C, and C2B.
3) Factors that affect e-business success such as the network effect, innovative marketing, scalability, ease of entry, and ability to adapt to changes.
The document discusses requirements and design specifications for software systems. It provides definitions and descriptions of requirements specifications, design specifications, and the contents of requirements documents. Key points covered include:
- Requirements specifications define the services a system is expected to provide, acting as a contract between procurer and developer.
- Design specifications describe how requirements will be achieved and are intended for designers/implementers rather than users/management.
- Contents of requirements documents typically include system description, model, evolution, functional requirements, constraints, priorities, and interfaces.
- Requirements must be testable, consistent, complete, and unambiguous.
Rescop B.V. provides regulatory compliance solutions for automated systems, document management, and CAPA processes. It offers software solutions and consulting services to help clients maintain compliance. Rescop's software products include solutions for document management (RC-DMS), deviation handling and CAPA (RC-CAPA), inventory management (RC-CMDB), electronic logbooks (RC-Logbook), validation master planning (RC-VMP), and validation/qualification project management (RC-SDLC). The company aims to help clients efficiently achieve and maintain regulatory compliance through standardized, paperless processes and centralized electronic systems.
This document outlines a marketing plan for Taco Bell. It provides background on Taco Bell including its founding, number of locations, and ownership. It then discusses Taco Bell's challenges in changing perceptions about quality and service. The plan proposes using Facebook, Twitter, blogging and public relations to showcase deals, events, and community involvement. It will evaluate success through analytics and allocate budget evenly across media, emphasizing blogging and PR. The timeline is to advertise year-round with possible increased spending in summer months.
This document discusses solving for unknown forces and reactions in statically determinate structures using free body diagrams and equations of equilibrium. Key examples shown include solving for support reactions on a simply supported beam with a central point load, and demonstrating that a structure with more unknowns than equations is statically indeterminate.
This document appears to be a list of names of children in a class about felines who are working on self-portraits. The names listed are Núria, Sira, Adrián, Carla, Gerard, Andrea, Marina, and Judith.
Makalah ini membahas tentang autisme pada anak. Ada beberapa poin penting yang diangkat, yaitu: (1) pengertian autisme sebagai gangguan perkembangan pervasif yang menyebabkan kesulitan dalam berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi sosial, (2) gejala klinis seperti penarikan diri, kesulitan berkomunikasi, dan perilaku ritualistik, (3) penanganannya memerlukan pendekatan multidisplin meliputi terapi edukasi,
Este documento discute como monitorar a infraestrutura usando o Elasticsearch. Ele descreve como o Elasticsearch, Kibana e Beats (Winlogbeat, Metricbeat) podem ser usados para indexar, pesquisar e analisar dados em tempo real de CPUs, rede, memória, disco e processos, e fornecer dashboards para visualização. Ele também explica como instalar e configurar esses produtos da Elastic.
The document outlines an Ocean Observations user experience session on designing for a startup weekend, including introductions of the presenters, an overview of Ocean Observations and its process for UX design. The session covers principles of user experience design like structure, simplicity and feedback and provides a graphic design crash course covering topics like wireframes, inspiration, iteration and delivering on time.
1. Scenario based design uses narratives or stories to describe how users will interact with a system. These scenarios help designers understand user needs and how people will accomplish tasks with the system.
2. Scenarios are both concrete, providing specific examples of usage, and flexible, allowing for refinement and elaboration. This helps designers manage the fluid nature of design situations.
3. Considering scenarios promotes a work-oriented design process focused on the needs of users. Scenarios also help designers reflect on and evaluate their work throughout the design process.
SE2018_Lec 18_ Design Principles and Design PatternsAmr E. Mohamed
The document discusses software design patterns. It defines design patterns as general and reusable solutions to commonly occurring problems in software design. It describes the key parts of a design pattern as the pattern name, the problem it addresses, the solution it provides, and the consequences of applying the pattern. The document also outlines some of the benefits of using design patterns such as codifying good design practices and providing a common vocabulary for designers.
SE2_Lec 19_Design Principles and Design PatternsAmr E. Mohamed
The document discusses software design patterns and principles. It defines what design patterns are, their benefits, and some commonly used patterns like Singleton, Observer, and Strategy. It also covers software design principles like the Single Responsibility Principle, Open-Closed Principle, Liskov Substitution Principle, and others. The document provides examples to illustrate how patterns and principles can be applied to improve software design.
Course material from my Object-Oriented Development course.This presentation covers the design phase and focuses on a variety of software design principles.
The document discusses various approaches to designing software architectures and systems. It covers the standard engineering design process, potential problems that can arise, and alternative design strategies like cyclic, parallel, adaptive, and incremental processes. It also discusses tools for design like abstraction, separation of concerns, and applying experience. Architectural patterns, styles, and domain-specific software architectures are introduced as ways to apply lessons learned to new designs.
The document discusses several techniques for developing software architectures when no existing architecture exists to build upon. It describes strategies like analogy searching, brainstorming, literature searching, and morphological charts that can be used to generate novel ideas for the architecture. It also emphasizes controlling the design strategy through techniques like identifying critical decisions, relating costs to risks, and continually re-evaluating requirements and implementation constraints.
This document discusses software design in construction. It defines design as linking requirements to coding and debugging. It describes design as a "wicked" and sloppy process involving trade-offs. Good design depends on concepts like managing complexity, desirable characteristics, and multiple levels of design. Effective heuristics for design include identifying real-world objects, forming consistent abstractions, encapsulating details, using inheritance, and information hiding. Design practices that can be used include iteration, dividing problems, and experimental prototyping.
This document discusses software design in construction. It defines design as linking requirements to coding and debugging. It describes design as a "wicked" and sloppy process involving trade-offs. Good design depends on concepts like managing complexity, desirable design characteristics, and different design levels. Effective design heuristics include finding real-world objects, forming consistent abstractions, encapsulating details, using inheritance, and information hiding. Design practices that can be used include iteration, dividing problems, and experimental prototyping.
This document introduces the FreeNEST Project Platform (P3), an open-source and virtualization-based solution for enabling efficient project work. Some key points:
- P3 provides a customizable and portable virtual working environment for project teams that can be deployed quickly and modified as needed. This increases flexibility and productivity while reducing IT costs.
- It integrates best-of-breed open source tools in one package covering the entire product development lifecycle from tasks to testing to documentation.
- By using virtualization, the same base FreeNEST image can be deployed for multiple projects/teams and customized independently, allowing organizations to support various contexts efficiently on a shared infrastructure.
- P3 has potential applications for
This document discusses different approaches to designing software architectures, including methods, creativity, and developing judgment. It outlines an engineering design process and potential problems that can arise. Alternative design strategies like cyclic, parallel, adaptive, and incremental processes are presented. Key concepts of abstraction, separation of concerns, and leveraging experience are emphasized as fundamental design tools. The document also introduces domain-specific software architectures, architectural patterns, and architectural styles as ways to apply lessons learned from prior work. Specific patterns like model-view-controller and sense-compute-control are described, along with an example application to a lunar lander game.
This document discusses multimedia authoring tools and techniques. It covers 3D modeling software like 3D Studio Max and how to use texture mapping and animation. It also discusses web page authoring using Dreamweaver and how layers can represent different HTML objects. Automatic authoring of multimedia is discussed, specifically problems with moving from text-based to image-based authoring and managing nodes from legacy documents. Simple animation is demonstrated using a fish sprite moving along a path overlaid on video.
discuss about System system analysis, system design, system analyst's role, Development of System through analysis, SDLC, Case Tools of SAD, Implementation, etc.
The document provides an overview of reverse engineering and its applications. It defines reverse engineering as the process of analyzing a system to understand its design and components without access to original documentation. The document discusses that reverse engineering can be used for (1) interoperability to understand proprietary systems and file formats, (2) security testing to discover vulnerabilities, and (3) understanding cryptographic algorithms and authentication mechanisms. Reverse engineering is commonly used both maliciously to create malware and beneficially by security professionals to improve system defenses.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in human-computer interaction (HCI). It defines HCI and related fields like usability engineering. The document discusses HCI in the design process using models like the waterfall model and spiral lifecycle model. It presents a general framework for HCI including the human, task, computer, environment, and interface. The document also describes Norman's action cycle model and sources of errors. Finally, it discusses design rules, principles, guidelines, and standards for HCI like those from Shneiderman, Norman and Nielsen.
The document discusses layered architectures for enterprise applications. It introduces layered architectures as having three main layers - presentation layer, business logic layer, and data access layer. This separation of concerns helps address forces like complexity, reuse, and change. The document uses an example application to demonstrate how to implement layered architectures using patterns and best practices. It previews the upcoming sessions which will cover topics like business entities, business logic, data access, improvements, and distributed applications.
The document discusses key concepts in software design including abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. It explains that software design is an iterative process that transforms requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software through design models, data structures, system architecture, interfaces, and components. Good software design exhibits qualities like being bug-free, suitable for its intended purpose, and a pleasurable user experience.
The document discusses various design concepts and elements of the design model in software engineering. It covers 12 key design concepts including abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, and information hiding. It also discusses design classes, refinement, aspects, and refactoring. Additionally, it outlines elements of the design model including data design, architectural design, interface design, component-level design, and deployment-level design. The goal of design is to create a model of software that will correctly implement requirements and provide joy to users.
This document discusses how aspect-oriented programming (AOP) enables modular reasoning in the presence of crosscutting concerns. It introduces key concepts, including aspect-aware interfaces that describe how aspects cut new interfaces through the primary decomposition of a system. The document argues that while this dependency on system configuration seems anti-modular, it is an inherent property of crosscutting concerns, and AOP makes the requirements for modular reasoning more explicit. It presents an example to illustrate aspect-aware interfaces and discusses how interfaces in AOP systems depend on the complete deployment configuration. The document concludes that with aspect-aware interfaces, modular reasoning is possible once the deployment configuration is known.
The document summarizes key concepts from Stephen Covey's book "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People". It discusses the first three habits: 1) Be Proactive - take responsibility for your life and focus on things within your control. 2) Begin with the End in Mind - develop a personal mission statement and envision your goals. 3) Put First Things First - prioritize important tasks and spend time on high-impact activities to achieve your goals. Effective time management involves focusing on important tasks rather than urgent tasks.
Us navy introduction to helicopter aerodynamics workbook cnatra p-401 [us n...Mohamed Yaser
Here are the answers to the review questions from Chapter 1:
1. Oxygen comprises approximately 21 percent of the earth's atmosphere.
2. Air density changes in direct proportion to pressure and inverse proportion to temperature, altitude, and humidity.
3. d. less dense.
4. pressure altitude
5. temperature and humidity
6. True
7. As temperature increases above standard day conditions, density altitude increases and air density decreases.
8. 4,500 feet
9. 6,600 feet
10. Increases density altitude, which decreases rotor efficiency.
11. Increased density altitude adversely affects both power required and power available. Power required increases due
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research from the early work in the 1950s to modern advances in machine learning using neural networks. While progress has been made, fully general human-level artificial intelligence remains an ongoing challenge being worked on by researchers.
Seddon j. basic helicopter aerodynamics [bsp prof. books 1990]Mohamed Yaser
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The 10 natural_laws_of_successful_time_and_life_managementMohamed Yaser
The document summarizes the 10 natural laws of successful time and life management. It discusses how inner peace comes from aligning daily activities with core values. It provides a pyramid model showing the relationship between values, goals, and tasks. The laws discuss controlling events through planning, setting goals beyond one's comfort zone, and managing behavior by examining beliefs and needs. Behavior patterns reflect underlying beliefs, and negative behaviors are overcome by changing incorrect beliefs.
The 10 Natural Laws Of Successful Time And Life ManagementMohamed Yaser
The document outlines 10 natural laws of successful time and life management according to Hyrum W. Smith. The three most important laws are:
1. Your governing values are the foundation of personal fulfillment. Identifying your core values through writing a "personal constitution" allows you to plan your time effectively.
2. When your daily activities reflect your governing values, prioritized in order of importance, you experience inner peace and avoid neglecting what matters most.
3. You control your life by controlling your time. Focus on identifying vital versus urgent tasks and spend maximum time on important priorities rather than what is simply urgent. Managing events according to your values leads to fulfillment.
The Northrop F-20 Tigershark was a privately developed fighter aircraft intended to compete with the F-16 Fighting Falcon. It began flying in 1982 but failed to secure any orders due to the US relaxing restrictions on F-16 sales. While the F-20 had performance comparable to early F-16 models, its airframe was based on the older F-5 design with limited expansion capabilities. The last prototype is displayed at the California Science Center.
This document lists dates from January 29th to February 28th. It includes columns for important events and tasks but these columns are empty. The document appears to be a monthly calendar intended to log events and tasks but it currently contains no information.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the structural design process for aerospace structures. It discusses that structural integrity is key to prevent failure, and the majority of accidents are due to structural material failure. The course will provide tools to properly design aerospace structures to ensure integrity. It notes that while aircraft structures have been the main focus, the techniques can be generalized to other structures like space structures. The structural design process is then outlined, with the goal being to ensure integrity while minimizing cost, often meaning weight. Key aspects of structural integrity are also defined.
This document provides a summary of basic MATLAB commands organized into sections:
1) Basic scalar, vector, and matrix operations including declaring variables, performing arithmetic, accessing elements, and clearing memory.
2) Using character strings to print output and combine text.
3) Common mathematical operations like exponents, logarithms, trigonometric functions, rounding, and converting between numeric and string formats.
The document demonstrates how to perform essential tasks in MATLAB through examples and explanations of core commands. It serves as an introductory tutorial for newcomers to learn MATLAB's basic functionality.
This document provides an introduction to using MATLAB for numerical methods in chemical engineering. It discusses how computers solve problems by breaking them down into linear algebraic systems that can be represented as matrix equations. While compiled languages like FORTRAN are efficient, MATLAB is better suited for education and small-to-medium projects because it is an interpreted language, allowing interactive use without needing to compile code. MATLAB handles tasks like input/output, variable naming, and graphics internally through pre-compiled routines.
This document provides a tutorial on basic MATLAB commands for creating, manipulating, and operating on vectors and matrices. It describes how to create vectors and matrices, change their entries, perform matrix multiplication and inversion, extract submatrices, and create special matrices like identity and diagonal matrices. Examples are provided to illustrate various commands like eye, inv, backslash, and how to input vectors, matrices, and create M-files for functions and scripts.
This document introduces an alternative theoretical framework to Einstein's theory of special relativity called Realitivistic Relativity 2.0. It proposes that star systems and atomic systems are fundamentally similar, with stars behaving like protons and planets like electrons. The author derived mathematical relationships between celestial objects and their quantum counterparts with high accuracy. This work maps objects in star systems to particles in atoms and vice versa, challenging existing interpretations of physics. It aims to simplify and unite physics through reexamining data from first principles without preconceived theories.
This document summarizes a lecture on forces and moments transmitted by slender members. It defines slender members as long, skinny structural elements like skis, golf clubs, and I-beams. It discusses axial forces that act along the member's axis, shear forces that act in the plane of the member's face, and bending moments. Sign conventions for these internal loads are also defined. An example is provided to demonstrate calculating the internal forces and moments in a beam by setting up free body diagrams at different points.
1. c
Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
1980s:
OO design: added inheritance, multiple inheritance, and
polymorphism to ADT.
In process added complexity and increased
some types of connectivity.
Lots of claimed advantages -- so far empirical
evaluation is not supporting them well.
1990s:
Architecture
Patterns
Frameworks
Kits
etc.
�
2. c
Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
Software Design Principles
Design is a creative, problem-solving activity.
No recipe for doing it - always need some type of "magic".
Quality and expertise of designers is determinant for success.
Simon: An expert has over 50,000 chunks of domain
knowledge at hand.
Solving a problem involves mapping into knowledge
available.
The larger this knowledge and the more accessible,
the more successful the process will be.
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
Software Design Principles (2)
Brooks, Curtis: Successful software development often
depends on small number of exceptional designers who
think on a system level.
Curtis: Such people might not be particularly good
programmers.
Design problem: How to decompose system into parts
each with a lower complexity than system as a whole
while minimizing interaction between the parts
such that the parts together solve the problem.
No universal way of doing this.
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
Four Primary Design Principles
1. Separation of concerns
Deal with separate aspects of a problem separate.
2. Abstraction
Identify important aspects of a phenomenon and ignore
details that are irrelevant at this stage.
Hierarchical abstraction: build hierarchical layers of abstraction
Procedural (functional) abstraction
Data abstraction
Control abstraction (abstract from precise sequence of
events handled, e.g., nondeterminacy)
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
Four Primary Design Principles (2)
3. Simplicity
Emphasis on software that is clear, simple, and
therefore easy to check, understand, and modify.
4. Restricted visibility
Locality of information
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
General Software Design Concepts
Implementations of the general principles
Decomposition
Can decompose with respect to time order, data flow,
logical groupings, access to a common resource,
control flow, or some other criterion.
Functional decomposition seems to be a natural way for
people to solve problems as evidenced by its wide use.
Top-down decomposition: start at high levels of abstraction
and progress to levels of greater and greater detail.
Bottom-up: form and layer groups of instruction sequences
until work way up to a complete solution.
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
General Software Design Concepts (2)
Decomposition (con’t.)
Iterative decision making process:
List difficult decisions and decisions likely to change
Design a module specification to hide each such decision
Break module into further design decisions.
Continue refining until all design decisions hidden
in a module
Program Families: design for flexibility, not generality
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
General Software Design Concepts (3)
Virtual Machines
A module provides a virtual machine: a set of operations
that can be invoked in a variety of ways and orders to
accomplish a variety of tasks.
Don’t think of systems in terms of components that
correspond to steps in processing.
Do provide a set of virtual machines that are useful for
writing many programs.
Information Hiding
Each design unit hides internal details of processing activities.
Design units communicate only through well-defined interfaces.
Each design unit specified by as little information as possible
If internal details change, client units should need no change
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
General Software Design Concepts (4)
Modularity
Separation of concerns:
1. Deal with details of each module in isolation (ignoring
details of other modules)
2. Deal with overall characteristics of all modules and their
relationships in order to integrate them into a coherent
system.
Base on hierarchy and abstraction:
Abstraction handled through information hiding
Hierarchy by defining uses and is-composed-of relations
Minimize connectivity
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
General Software Design Concepts (5)
Modularity (con’t.)
Sample things to modularize and encapsulate:
abstract data types
algorithms (e.g., sort)
input and output formats
processing sequence
machine dependencies (e.g., character codes)
policies (e.g., when and how to do garbage collection)
external interfaces (hardware and software)
Benefits:
Allows understanding each part of a system separately
Aids in modifying system
May confine search for a malfunction to a single module.
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
Design Methods
Set of guidelines, heuristics, and procedures on how to go
about designing a system.
Usually offer a notation to express result of design process.
Trying to provide a systematic means for organizing the
design process and its products.
Design method may be based on:
Functional decomposition
Data flow
Data structures
Control flow
Objects
Vary in degree of prescriptiveness
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
David Budgen, Software Design Methods: Life Belt
or Leg Iron (IEEE Software, Sept/Oct. 99)
Will the adoption of a design method help the software
development process (be a life belt) or is there significant
risk that its use will lead to suboptimum solution (be a
leg iron)?
Argument:
Two general design characteristics:
1. Wicked nature of any design process:
Adopting a particular solution approach to a problem
may make task of solving it more intractible, i.e., the
design process is not neutral.
2. Expert designers engage in opportunistic behavior:
As solution’s form emerges, problem solving strategy
is adapted to meet new characteristics that are revealed,
i.e., expert designers do not follow a single method.
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
These challenge the belief that good software engineering design
solutions will most likely come from systematically following a
prescriptive procedural method.
60s and 70s: people recognized that a systematic approach to
development needed to cope with large-scale projects. Needed
a way to promulgate and encourage the adoption of desirable
practices.
A procedural form (do this, then do this, then this ...) lent
itself to this role.
Also easily conveyed through books and courses, easy to
teach, easy to write exam questions.
Yourdan, Michael Jackson, etc.
Met some real needs.
By late 70s, use of procedural form was entrenched.
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Copyright Nancy Leveson, Sept. 1999
But some good practices that did not lend themselves to such a
form, e.g., information hiding (for which no satisfactory form of
procedural development practice has yet been devised).
Reaction in 80s to shortcomings was to pile more on
More diagrammatical forms
More models
More complexity
Arguably, much of this complexity stems from the paradox of
object orientation, which seems to provide excellent paradigms
for analysis and implementation, but present major difficulties
for the designer.
In 90s, attempts to develop other paradigms for transferring design
knowledge, e.g., patterns and architectures.
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15. Peculiarity of software design: extent to which commercial
interests have dominated the codifying of associated practices
More widely known design methods have been developed
and marketed largely by consultants and commercial
organizations.
Not true for requirements or testing
Suggests a real need for design skills, but does not create
an objective forum for evaluation.
Conclusions:
Life belt has become waterlogged and acting more like a leg iron.
Need to stop pretending that software design is largely a matter
of following a set of well-defined activities. Recognize it as a
creative process that requires us to develop design skills needed
to build software systems of the future.
How do we identify, grow, and encourage those talents needed
for the great designers who will create elegant and effective
solutions to problems?
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