The document discusses road safety issues in India such as increasing vehicle numbers, types of unsafe vehicles plying on roads, and factors contributing to road accidents. It notes that India has a high road accident rate, accounting for 6% of global accidents and 10% of fatalities despite having only 1% of the world's vehicles. Various government agencies, laws, and schemes related to road safety and treatment of accident victims are also summarized.
This document discusses road safety and causes of road accidents in India. It notes that road safety is important for protecting all road users, including pedestrians, vehicles, cyclists, etc. [1] It states that pedestrian safety is a key aspect of road safety and that 42% of reported accidents involve pedestrians. [2] It recommends various measures that can be taken to improve road safety culture and enforcement of rules through education, awareness campaigns, and strict penalties for violations. [3]
Road accidents are a major problem in India, with over 1214 occurring daily and 377 deaths daily. Two-wheelers account for 25% of deaths and 16 children die daily. The top three causes are drunken driving, rash driving, and bad infrastructure. There are also issues of untrained drivers, lack of emergency services, and unsafe vehicle and road design not meeting international standards. The government proposes a new road safety bill and various measures to address these problems, improve enforcement, and ensure safety of vulnerable road users. Everyone needs to work together to promote awareness and responsible driving behavior to reduce accidents.
Road Safety for India, tech century sociology education future shift happens technology change shifthappens globalization trends china world shift happens web2.0 presentation design facts know india web did you palo innovation internet alto cool statistics 2.0 stats interesting social population marketing global media best good ....? e.g: information great futuro us eg inspiration did you know misc usa knowledge ppt data info development new culture changing style business paradigm learning presentations 'social of shit ideas computers media' layout general changes tecnologia didyouknow evolution communication strategy cambio flatworld separate tags by comma globalisation awesome zen creative demographics trend excellent the it society wow 21st powerpoint thinking life fisch web 2.0 futurology winner educação shifts content my a brenman mudanças economy numbers jobs stuff next digital amazing career work vision study visual to flat shift_happens teaching pace jeff myspace brand flat world economia in fav mankind statistik exemplo social_media scenario social media examples shock futur shifting graphics branding slideshare slide goodpresentation elearning pedagogy time clean pop singularity image karl curiosidades will idea sociologie tics issues simple is viz fun veranderingen edu concepts. de personal socialmedia america shithappens countries template think predictions best presentation computer management contest web20 humanity transformation presentationzen impacto happen figures pres shift cambio nice conhecimento brilliant mindshift high u generation worldchindiathe competitive sci-fi pov ,
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How to prevent Road Accidents, Road Safety tips, Road Safety Seminar, Road Sa...Road Safety
Steps to be taken to prevent Road Accidents, How to prevent Road Accidents, Road Accident Preventions Tips, Steps to be taken by Government to reduce road accidents. Traffic safety awareness, How to avoid accidents, How to reduce road accidents, Safety habits, Parenting, Action by Public Works, Home ministr, State governments, Union Goverment, Police etc.
american highway safety, indian road safety, taffic safety, aashto, nchrp, nhtsa, school safety, general safety, aaa traffic safety, ADTSEA, road safety foundation, road safety organisation ,national road safety, nhtsa, national safety, american highway, indian highway, auto safety, automobile safety ,parents, children, road accident prevention tips, road safety, accident control, child, helmet, india, indian government ,slide share, powerpoint .
This document discusses road safety issues in India and proposes improvements. It notes that over 490,000 accidents occurred in India in 2011 resulting in 142,485 deaths. The majority of accidents are due to driver error, negligence of safety norms, and drunk driving. To address this, the document recommends increasing road safety priorities and funding, improving driver training programs, strengthening enforcement of traffic laws, upgrading road infrastructure, and implementing public awareness campaigns. The goal is to reduce accidents by changing policies and promoting best practices for road and driver safety across India.
Road safety involves methods to prevent injuries from traffic accidents. The main danger is the risk of collisions. Children are especially vulnerable because of lack of supervision. More than 1.2 million people die worldwide in road accidents each year. The main causes of accidents are distracted driving, speeding, drunk driving, rain, and running red lights. Solutions include better driver education, public safety campaigns, and improved road conditions.
Its a presentation on road safety. Cover the topics of road language i.e. lane, line, double line, sign boards, signals, safety tips, pre/post cautionary measures, topic of motorcyclist and pedestrians as well.
This document discusses road safety and causes of road accidents in India. It notes that road safety is important for protecting all road users, including pedestrians, vehicles, cyclists, etc. [1] It states that pedestrian safety is a key aspect of road safety and that 42% of reported accidents involve pedestrians. [2] It recommends various measures that can be taken to improve road safety culture and enforcement of rules through education, awareness campaigns, and strict penalties for violations. [3]
Road accidents are a major problem in India, with over 1214 occurring daily and 377 deaths daily. Two-wheelers account for 25% of deaths and 16 children die daily. The top three causes are drunken driving, rash driving, and bad infrastructure. There are also issues of untrained drivers, lack of emergency services, and unsafe vehicle and road design not meeting international standards. The government proposes a new road safety bill and various measures to address these problems, improve enforcement, and ensure safety of vulnerable road users. Everyone needs to work together to promote awareness and responsible driving behavior to reduce accidents.
Road Safety for India, tech century sociology education future shift happens technology change shifthappens globalization trends china world shift happens web2.0 presentation design facts know india web did you palo innovation internet alto cool statistics 2.0 stats interesting social population marketing global media best good ....? e.g: information great futuro us eg inspiration did you know misc usa knowledge ppt data info development new culture changing style business paradigm learning presentations 'social of shit ideas computers media' layout general changes tecnologia didyouknow evolution communication strategy cambio flatworld separate tags by comma globalisation awesome zen creative demographics trend excellent the it society wow 21st powerpoint thinking life fisch web 2.0 futurology winner educação shifts content my a brenman mudanças economy numbers jobs stuff next digital amazing career work vision study visual to flat shift_happens teaching pace jeff myspace brand flat world economia in fav mankind statistik exemplo social_media scenario social media examples shock futur shifting graphics branding slideshare slide goodpresentation elearning pedagogy time clean pop singularity image karl curiosidades will idea sociologie tics issues simple is viz fun veranderingen edu concepts. de personal socialmedia america shithappens countries template think predictions best presentation computer management contest web20 humanity transformation presentationzen impacto happen figures pres shift cambio nice conhecimento brilliant mindshift high u generation worldchindiathe competitive sci-fi pov ,
how to make money on the internet ,how to make moneyo make money fast,how to make money online,how to make quick money,make money on the internet,make money now , make money,make money at home,make money easy,make money quick ,make money fast,make money online ,make money online fast, leadership powerpoint ,powerpoint on leadership,free ebooks leadership ,
leadership powerpoint presentations , leadership powerpoints ,leadership ppt , wordpress, youtube videos, blogpost
How to prevent Road Accidents, Road Safety tips, Road Safety Seminar, Road Sa...Road Safety
Steps to be taken to prevent Road Accidents, How to prevent Road Accidents, Road Accident Preventions Tips, Steps to be taken by Government to reduce road accidents. Traffic safety awareness, How to avoid accidents, How to reduce road accidents, Safety habits, Parenting, Action by Public Works, Home ministr, State governments, Union Goverment, Police etc.
american highway safety, indian road safety, taffic safety, aashto, nchrp, nhtsa, school safety, general safety, aaa traffic safety, ADTSEA, road safety foundation, road safety organisation ,national road safety, nhtsa, national safety, american highway, indian highway, auto safety, automobile safety ,parents, children, road accident prevention tips, road safety, accident control, child, helmet, india, indian government ,slide share, powerpoint .
This document discusses road safety issues in India and proposes improvements. It notes that over 490,000 accidents occurred in India in 2011 resulting in 142,485 deaths. The majority of accidents are due to driver error, negligence of safety norms, and drunk driving. To address this, the document recommends increasing road safety priorities and funding, improving driver training programs, strengthening enforcement of traffic laws, upgrading road infrastructure, and implementing public awareness campaigns. The goal is to reduce accidents by changing policies and promoting best practices for road and driver safety across India.
Road safety involves methods to prevent injuries from traffic accidents. The main danger is the risk of collisions. Children are especially vulnerable because of lack of supervision. More than 1.2 million people die worldwide in road accidents each year. The main causes of accidents are distracted driving, speeding, drunk driving, rain, and running red lights. Solutions include better driver education, public safety campaigns, and improved road conditions.
Its a presentation on road safety. Cover the topics of road language i.e. lane, line, double line, sign boards, signals, safety tips, pre/post cautionary measures, topic of motorcyclist and pedestrians as well.
The document discusses road safety issues globally and in India. Some key points:
- Over 1.2 million people are killed in road accidents worldwide every year, with majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries. India ranks 9th highest for road accident deaths.
- Speeding, drunk driving, distracted driving, and lack of safety precautions like helmet and seatbelt usage are major causes of accidents. Developed countries have much stricter traffic rules and enforcement.
- Comprehensive driver training programs and difficult license tests in developed nations help produce safer drivers. Traffic safety education should begin in schools to cultivate safe driving habits from a young age.
This document provides information on traffic signs, signals, and road markings. It explains that signs are used to regulate traffic, warn of dangers, and provide information. The most common sign shapes - stop sign octagon, railroad crossbuck, no passing diamond, warning triangles, and school bus sign - are described along with their meanings. Road markings like center lines and lane lines are also discussed. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding and obeying all traffic controls as a driver.
- Road traffic accidents kill an estimated 1.2 million people worldwide each year and injure 50 million more, making it the 9th leading cause of death globally. India accounts for 10% of road fatalities despite having only 1% of the world's vehicles.
- Developed countries have much lower accident rates because drivers face stricter licensing requirements like lengthy learning periods, frequent testing, and high penalties for violations that can include license cancellation. Public transportation is also more widely available as an alternative to driving.
- The document outlines numerous recommended safety measures for drivers, authorities, and vehicles - including strict enforcement of traffic rules, use of seatbelts and child seats, banning cell phone use and drinking while driving,
1) Over 1.2 million people die in road accidents worldwide every year, costing 3-4% of global GDP. One child dies every 3 minutes in a traffic accident globally.
2) The annual death toll from traffic accidents, at 1.2 million, is equivalent to 5 tsunamis worth of lives lost each year.
3) Various recommendations are provided to improve road safety culture and reduce accidents, including better driver education, enforcement of traffic rules, infrastructure improvements, and community involvement.
The document discusses road safety and statistics related to road accidents worldwide and in India. Some key points:
- Over 1.2 million people are killed in road accidents worldwide each year, with 3,000 deaths daily and 500 of them children.
- In India in 2007, 1,14,590 people were killed in road accidents, with Kerala accounting for 3,802 deaths.
- The annual economic loss due to road accidents in India is over Rs. 300,000 crores.
The document then provides various technological, infrastructural, educational, enforcement and other suggestions to improve road safety in India.
This document discusses the importance of road safety and provides tips for staying safe on the road. It notes that the number of vehicles is increasing, leading to more accidents. Road safety involves rules and regulations to ensure the safe functioning of vehicles and protection of people. Some key safety measures include wearing seatbelts and helmets, maintaining vehicles, following speed limits, using crosswalks, and following traffic lights. Drivers are advised to drive carefully and not drink and drive.
This presentation is part of the L.A.D, "Law Abiding Day" -31st July 2011, Awareness Campaign in India, and informs the viewer about the various Road Markings used in India, following which the traffic can be disciplined, and driving will become easier.
This document discusses road safety and provides guidance on driver safety and vehicle safety. It recommends that drivers conduct pre-drive, on-drive, and post-drive vehicle inspections, wear seatbelts, follow traffic laws, drive defensively, and not drink and drive. Emergency equipment that should be in vehicles is also listed, including a first aid kit, fire extinguisher, triangles, and seatbelt cutter. The document emphasizes that safety should be a priority every day.
Road safety refers to how safe road users are on roads and aims to reduce the likelihood of traffic collisions. Some key facts:
- Over 1.2 million people are killed worldwide in road accidents each year.
- 3-4% of a country's GDP can be lost to road accidents.
- Common causes of accidents include speeding, drunk driving, phone use while driving, reckless driving, and not wearing seatbelts or helmets.
Steps to improve safety include strict enforcement of speed limits, heavy penalties for accidents, mandatory licensing tests, and making helmets compulsory. Education on safety for drivers and children is also important.
The term road traffic safety is an indication of how safe individual users are on some particular road, or on the roads belonging to some region.
It is sharing of knowledge for education purpose for road users - By Bimal Chandra Das / Kolkata / Bokaro
You can’t control the actions of other drivers. But updating your defensive driving skills can help you avoid the dangers caused by other people’s bad driving. So before you get behind the wheel of that two-ton frame of glass and steel, here are some tips to help you stay in control:
The document provides extensive information and suggestions to prevent road accidents. It discusses road accident statistics worldwide and in various countries. It then lists numerous specific measures that can be taken by governments, organizations, schools, parents and individuals to improve road safety and reduce accidents through better enforcement of rules, public awareness campaigns, vehicle and road improvements, and changes in driver behavior.
This document contains information about Ravindra Yadav, a first year mechanical engineering student. It discusses traffic engineering, factors affecting traffic such as road users, vehicles, roadways and environment. It covers traffic characteristics, studies, operation, planning, design, management and administration. Specific topics discussed include road user characteristics, vehicular characteristics, density, capacity, time headway and space headway. The document also discusses traffic regulation through devices like licenses, vehicle registration, transport authorities, speed limits and control devices. It describes different types of traffic signs used for regulation, warning and providing information.
This document discusses road safety and road safety engineering. It notes that over 1.3 million deaths occur each year from traffic accidents, with 90% occurring in low and middle income countries. Road safety engineering aims to modify the physical road environment to reduce risks for all users. It involves road design, traffic engineering, analysis, and applying techniques like proper super elevation, pavement structure, traffic signs and signals, and designing intersections and interchanges. The goal is to counteract forces that could cause vehicles to overturn or skid and help ensure safe travel.
This document discusses the various causes of road accidents. It states that road accidents are rarely accidental and are usually caused by careless or reckless behavior. Some of the key causes mentioned include driver condition factors like being untrained, unfit, distracted, or intoxicated. Vehicle condition, road condition, traffic condition, and weather can also contribute to accidents if the vehicle or road infrastructure is unsafe or the traffic is poorly managed. The document emphasizes that road accidents can be avoided or minimized if drivers are well-trained, attentive, sober, and knowledgeable about safe driving practices.
This document discusses road accident management and provides guidelines for road safety. It notes that man-made disasters include transportation hazards like road, rail, air and water accidents. A traffic collision occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, or stationary object. Road accidents result in injuries, deaths and property damage. Causes of road accidents include human factors, road design/environment, and vehicle design/maintenance. The government of India is taking steps like road engineering, enforcement of laws, education and training, and emergency response to improve road safety. Public guidelines emphasize using sidewalks, crossing safely, avoiding distractions, and following traffic rules.
Road crashes are a major cause of death globally and in the Philippines. Each year over 1.2 million people are killed in road crashes worldwide, with most deaths occurring in low and middle income countries like the Philippines. In the Philippines, road crashes are the 4th leading cause of death. Metro Manila sees over 240 road crashes per day resulting in hundreds of deaths and thousands injured annually. The economic and social costs of road crashes amount to billions of pesos each year in the Philippines. Proper interventions targeting risk factors like speeding, lack of restraint use, non-use of helmets, and drunk driving have been shown to significantly reduce road crashes and deaths.
Hi; Dearest Friends!!!!
Road accidents major issue of the World. So many people affected & dead for its every day,
So; I would like to greetings on Road safety Life Safety all of you for universal, social and , humanity etc.
This document summarizes various traffic control devices and rules of the road. It describes common signage like mandatory, warning, and informational signs used to regulate traffic. It also outlines situations requiring extra care around emergency vehicles, buses, railways and street repairs. Key traffic rules are provided regarding keeping left, overtaking, yielding at intersections, and allowing passage of emergency vehicles. Finally, it discusses other traffic control devices like road markings, traffic lights, and channelizing devices used to direct traffic flow.
This document discusses road accidents in India. It highlights that road accidents are a major problem, with over 1 lakh deaths annually. Some key causes of accidents are identified as overspeeding, drunk driving, use of mobile phones while driving, and not wearing helmets or seatbelts. Consequences of accidents like injuries and economic losses are also outlined. The document calls for stricter enforcement of traffic rules and regulations to prevent accidents in the future.
This document provides tips and information for driving safely on campus. It discusses yielding to pedestrians, watching for unpredictable crossings, and paying attention near buses. Simple rules are outlined like following the 15 MPH speed limit and not being distracted by phones. The dangers of texting while driving are explained. Defensive driving involves having knowledge of traffic laws and routes, anticipating problems based on time and weather, and using good judgement like wearing seat belts. Accident reporting procedures and consequences for violations are also covered.
This document provides tips for appearing professional and presenting well during a job interview. It emphasizes the importance of confidence, competence, making a connection, and showcasing your core skills and abilities (KSA). Proper grooming and attire are also essential - wearing conservative, dark colors and avoiding excessive jewelry, perfume, or visible tattoos. Both verbal and nonverbal communication during the interview are important, such as making eye contact, sitting up straight, speaking clearly and concisely while also taking time to think. Proper preparation such as rehearsing answers to common questions and maintaining a professional demeanor can help make a strong, positive impression on interviewers.
The document discusses road safety issues globally and in India. Some key points:
- Over 1.2 million people are killed in road accidents worldwide every year, with majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries. India ranks 9th highest for road accident deaths.
- Speeding, drunk driving, distracted driving, and lack of safety precautions like helmet and seatbelt usage are major causes of accidents. Developed countries have much stricter traffic rules and enforcement.
- Comprehensive driver training programs and difficult license tests in developed nations help produce safer drivers. Traffic safety education should begin in schools to cultivate safe driving habits from a young age.
This document provides information on traffic signs, signals, and road markings. It explains that signs are used to regulate traffic, warn of dangers, and provide information. The most common sign shapes - stop sign octagon, railroad crossbuck, no passing diamond, warning triangles, and school bus sign - are described along with their meanings. Road markings like center lines and lane lines are also discussed. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding and obeying all traffic controls as a driver.
- Road traffic accidents kill an estimated 1.2 million people worldwide each year and injure 50 million more, making it the 9th leading cause of death globally. India accounts for 10% of road fatalities despite having only 1% of the world's vehicles.
- Developed countries have much lower accident rates because drivers face stricter licensing requirements like lengthy learning periods, frequent testing, and high penalties for violations that can include license cancellation. Public transportation is also more widely available as an alternative to driving.
- The document outlines numerous recommended safety measures for drivers, authorities, and vehicles - including strict enforcement of traffic rules, use of seatbelts and child seats, banning cell phone use and drinking while driving,
1) Over 1.2 million people die in road accidents worldwide every year, costing 3-4% of global GDP. One child dies every 3 minutes in a traffic accident globally.
2) The annual death toll from traffic accidents, at 1.2 million, is equivalent to 5 tsunamis worth of lives lost each year.
3) Various recommendations are provided to improve road safety culture and reduce accidents, including better driver education, enforcement of traffic rules, infrastructure improvements, and community involvement.
The document discusses road safety and statistics related to road accidents worldwide and in India. Some key points:
- Over 1.2 million people are killed in road accidents worldwide each year, with 3,000 deaths daily and 500 of them children.
- In India in 2007, 1,14,590 people were killed in road accidents, with Kerala accounting for 3,802 deaths.
- The annual economic loss due to road accidents in India is over Rs. 300,000 crores.
The document then provides various technological, infrastructural, educational, enforcement and other suggestions to improve road safety in India.
This document discusses the importance of road safety and provides tips for staying safe on the road. It notes that the number of vehicles is increasing, leading to more accidents. Road safety involves rules and regulations to ensure the safe functioning of vehicles and protection of people. Some key safety measures include wearing seatbelts and helmets, maintaining vehicles, following speed limits, using crosswalks, and following traffic lights. Drivers are advised to drive carefully and not drink and drive.
This presentation is part of the L.A.D, "Law Abiding Day" -31st July 2011, Awareness Campaign in India, and informs the viewer about the various Road Markings used in India, following which the traffic can be disciplined, and driving will become easier.
This document discusses road safety and provides guidance on driver safety and vehicle safety. It recommends that drivers conduct pre-drive, on-drive, and post-drive vehicle inspections, wear seatbelts, follow traffic laws, drive defensively, and not drink and drive. Emergency equipment that should be in vehicles is also listed, including a first aid kit, fire extinguisher, triangles, and seatbelt cutter. The document emphasizes that safety should be a priority every day.
Road safety refers to how safe road users are on roads and aims to reduce the likelihood of traffic collisions. Some key facts:
- Over 1.2 million people are killed worldwide in road accidents each year.
- 3-4% of a country's GDP can be lost to road accidents.
- Common causes of accidents include speeding, drunk driving, phone use while driving, reckless driving, and not wearing seatbelts or helmets.
Steps to improve safety include strict enforcement of speed limits, heavy penalties for accidents, mandatory licensing tests, and making helmets compulsory. Education on safety for drivers and children is also important.
The term road traffic safety is an indication of how safe individual users are on some particular road, or on the roads belonging to some region.
It is sharing of knowledge for education purpose for road users - By Bimal Chandra Das / Kolkata / Bokaro
You can’t control the actions of other drivers. But updating your defensive driving skills can help you avoid the dangers caused by other people’s bad driving. So before you get behind the wheel of that two-ton frame of glass and steel, here are some tips to help you stay in control:
The document provides extensive information and suggestions to prevent road accidents. It discusses road accident statistics worldwide and in various countries. It then lists numerous specific measures that can be taken by governments, organizations, schools, parents and individuals to improve road safety and reduce accidents through better enforcement of rules, public awareness campaigns, vehicle and road improvements, and changes in driver behavior.
This document contains information about Ravindra Yadav, a first year mechanical engineering student. It discusses traffic engineering, factors affecting traffic such as road users, vehicles, roadways and environment. It covers traffic characteristics, studies, operation, planning, design, management and administration. Specific topics discussed include road user characteristics, vehicular characteristics, density, capacity, time headway and space headway. The document also discusses traffic regulation through devices like licenses, vehicle registration, transport authorities, speed limits and control devices. It describes different types of traffic signs used for regulation, warning and providing information.
This document discusses road safety and road safety engineering. It notes that over 1.3 million deaths occur each year from traffic accidents, with 90% occurring in low and middle income countries. Road safety engineering aims to modify the physical road environment to reduce risks for all users. It involves road design, traffic engineering, analysis, and applying techniques like proper super elevation, pavement structure, traffic signs and signals, and designing intersections and interchanges. The goal is to counteract forces that could cause vehicles to overturn or skid and help ensure safe travel.
This document discusses the various causes of road accidents. It states that road accidents are rarely accidental and are usually caused by careless or reckless behavior. Some of the key causes mentioned include driver condition factors like being untrained, unfit, distracted, or intoxicated. Vehicle condition, road condition, traffic condition, and weather can also contribute to accidents if the vehicle or road infrastructure is unsafe or the traffic is poorly managed. The document emphasizes that road accidents can be avoided or minimized if drivers are well-trained, attentive, sober, and knowledgeable about safe driving practices.
This document discusses road accident management and provides guidelines for road safety. It notes that man-made disasters include transportation hazards like road, rail, air and water accidents. A traffic collision occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, or stationary object. Road accidents result in injuries, deaths and property damage. Causes of road accidents include human factors, road design/environment, and vehicle design/maintenance. The government of India is taking steps like road engineering, enforcement of laws, education and training, and emergency response to improve road safety. Public guidelines emphasize using sidewalks, crossing safely, avoiding distractions, and following traffic rules.
Road crashes are a major cause of death globally and in the Philippines. Each year over 1.2 million people are killed in road crashes worldwide, with most deaths occurring in low and middle income countries like the Philippines. In the Philippines, road crashes are the 4th leading cause of death. Metro Manila sees over 240 road crashes per day resulting in hundreds of deaths and thousands injured annually. The economic and social costs of road crashes amount to billions of pesos each year in the Philippines. Proper interventions targeting risk factors like speeding, lack of restraint use, non-use of helmets, and drunk driving have been shown to significantly reduce road crashes and deaths.
Hi; Dearest Friends!!!!
Road accidents major issue of the World. So many people affected & dead for its every day,
So; I would like to greetings on Road safety Life Safety all of you for universal, social and , humanity etc.
This document summarizes various traffic control devices and rules of the road. It describes common signage like mandatory, warning, and informational signs used to regulate traffic. It also outlines situations requiring extra care around emergency vehicles, buses, railways and street repairs. Key traffic rules are provided regarding keeping left, overtaking, yielding at intersections, and allowing passage of emergency vehicles. Finally, it discusses other traffic control devices like road markings, traffic lights, and channelizing devices used to direct traffic flow.
This document discusses road accidents in India. It highlights that road accidents are a major problem, with over 1 lakh deaths annually. Some key causes of accidents are identified as overspeeding, drunk driving, use of mobile phones while driving, and not wearing helmets or seatbelts. Consequences of accidents like injuries and economic losses are also outlined. The document calls for stricter enforcement of traffic rules and regulations to prevent accidents in the future.
This document provides tips and information for driving safely on campus. It discusses yielding to pedestrians, watching for unpredictable crossings, and paying attention near buses. Simple rules are outlined like following the 15 MPH speed limit and not being distracted by phones. The dangers of texting while driving are explained. Defensive driving involves having knowledge of traffic laws and routes, anticipating problems based on time and weather, and using good judgement like wearing seat belts. Accident reporting procedures and consequences for violations are also covered.
This document provides tips for appearing professional and presenting well during a job interview. It emphasizes the importance of confidence, competence, making a connection, and showcasing your core skills and abilities (KSA). Proper grooming and attire are also essential - wearing conservative, dark colors and avoiding excessive jewelry, perfume, or visible tattoos. Both verbal and nonverbal communication during the interview are important, such as making eye contact, sitting up straight, speaking clearly and concisely while also taking time to think. Proper preparation such as rehearsing answers to common questions and maintaining a professional demeanor can help make a strong, positive impression on interviewers.
1) The document discusses defensive driving techniques, including identifying common causes of road accidents such as unsafe driving conditions, practices, and adverse weather.
2) It outlines important traffic rules and regulations in India and describes proper signaling and emergency procedures.
3) The summary emphasizes the need for drivers to identify hazards posed by human error and dangerous conditions, obey traffic rules using common sense, and remember their defensive driving training.
This document provides tips for preparing for and facing job interviews. It discusses what interviews are, what interviewers look for in candidates, how to dress and present yourself, essential things to know before an interview like researching the company and having a good CV, expected questions, fundamentals, and tips for the interview itself like being confident. The key points are to research the company thoroughly, know what value you can provide, prepare your own questions to ask, and present yourself professionally through dress, demeanor, and confidence. Proper preparation is emphasized as important for a successful interview.
The document provides tips for facing an interview confidently and being well prepared. It discusses researching the company and position, preparing examples of your relevant skills and accomplishments, dressing professionally, maintaining positive body language, being prepared to answer common interview questions, asking your own questions, and following up with a thank you note after the interview. The goal is to determine if the candidate is a good match for the job and company through their resume, interview performance, skills, and experience.
Milk and Milk Products
This document summarizes the composition, types, processing, and applications of milk and milk products. It discusses the main components of milk including water, proteins, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It also outlines various forms of milk like whole milk, skim milk, dry milk, and flavored milk. Key milk products are described such as yogurt, butter, cheese, and cream. The document concludes that milk and its products provide important nutrients and are useful for human life.
Dairy products, especially milk, provide many essential nutrients. Milk contains protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals that are important for growth, energy, bone and tooth health, and more. The document recommends daily milk consumption amounts based on age. It also discusses the processing of milk including pasteurization and fortification, different forms of milk like whole, low-fat and skim, and grades of milk quality.
This document provides an overview of milk and milk products. It discusses the composition of milk including water, fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. It also covers milk flavor, contamination issues, physical properties, nutritive value, and various milk products produced through processes like fermentation, evaporation, homogenization and more. The document concludes with a discussion of common milk products like cream, butter, cheese, yogurt and ice cream.
This document provides an overview of dairy products and milk. It discusses the main dairy foods such as milk, yogurt, cheese, cream, and ice cream. It describes different types of milk including pasteurized, UHT, flavored, dried, evaporated, and condensed. Specialist dairy products from sheep and goats are also outlined. The nutritional value of milk and why calcium is important is summarized. The document then discusses the production of cheese and lists common British and European cheeses. Other dairy foods like butter, yogurt, and ice cream are briefly described.
Road accidents are caused by distracted driving, speeding, drunk driving, rain, and running red lights. Impacts include damage to vehicles, medical costs, pain and suffering, hospitalization, handicaps, and death. Solutions involve education through driving schools and moral lessons, improving road conditions with signs and lighting, and safety campaigns to raise awareness.
The document discusses road accident prevention and control. It lists several common causes of accidents, including speeding, not wearing a helmet or seatbelt, and using a phone while driving. It emphasizes the importance of following traffic rules and warnings about speeding in wet conditions. Statistics are provided on road deaths in India and economic losses. Suggestions for prevention include stricter enforcement of speed limits and installation of speed controllers.
The document provides an overview of essential interview skills presented by Vinh Nguyen. It discusses preparing for interviews through researching the company and role, rehearsing answers, and dressing appropriately. It also covers types of interviews like behavioral and phone interviews. Body language, communication skills, dealing with nerves, and closing the interview are also summarized.
The document discusses road safety issues in India such as traffic mix, overloading of vehicles, and lack of enforcement of safety regulations. It notes that India has a high rate of road accidents despite having only 1% of the world's vehicles. Common causes of accidents include unsafe driving behaviors, lack of proper traffic management, and non-adherence to safety rules. Addressing this major public health issue requires coordination between different sectors like road design, transport, health, legal, and insurance.
This presentation discusses road safety issues in India. It notes that road accidents are a major public health concern, as India has the second longest road network in the world. Most passenger and freight traffic is carried by road. It then outlines many factors that contribute to road accidents, such as types of roads and users, vehicle overloading, lack of parking, and unsafe driving behaviors. Solutions proposed include better driver training, enforcement of regulations, and public awareness campaigns. The goal is to reduce the deaths, disabilities, and economic costs caused by road traffic injuries.
Road safety involves methods and measures to prevent injuries from traffic accidents. It is important that all road users, including children, follow safety rules and measures like wearing seatbelts and helmets. Statistics show over 1 million people die in road accidents worldwide each year, with 3-4% of GDP lost and a child dying every 3 minutes. Factors that contribute to accidents include driver behavior, road conditions, enforcement of regulations, and types of road users. Efforts are needed across many sectors to improve road design, education, enforcement of laws, and emergency response to make roads safer.
This document discusses road safety in India. It notes that over 1.5 lakh lives were lost to road accidents in India in 2018, with over-speeding being the main cause. Other major causes of accidents included drunken driving, poor road conditions, driver distractions, jumping red lights, and not wearing safety gear. The document recommends strategies like dedicating road safety funds, improving infrastructure, establishing accident databases, and raising public awareness to reduce accidents.
This document discusses road accidents in Raigarh and provides statistics and information on causes and prevention of road accidents:
1) Road accidents are a major problem worldwide, killing over 1 million people each year according to UN estimates, with 85% of deaths occurring in developing countries.
2) Common causes of road accidents include human factors like speeding and reckless driving, road defects, and vehicle defects from lack of maintenance.
3) Prevention strategies discussed include stricter licensing tests, mandatory speed controllers, higher penalties for traffic violations, and making helmets compulsory.
Advancing Road Safety in India:Challenges and OpportunitiesWaseemAhmad186
India has seen rising road accidents as the number of vehicles has increased dramatically in recent decades while road infrastructure has not kept pace. Over 5 lakh road accidents occurred in India in 2015, resulting in 1.46 lakh deaths. Young people between 15-35 years old account for over half of road accident victims. The top causes of accidents are reckless or drunk driving, speeding, and not wearing seatbelts. The government has created policies and programs focused on education, enforcement, engineering, and emergency response to try to advance road safety in India.
The document discusses road accidents, their causes, and preventative measures. It states that human factors like alcohol consumption, distraction, and speeding are the primary causes of accidents, accounting for 69% of total accidents. Vehicle defects and poor road infrastructure account for the remaining 27% and 4% respectively. Some key preventative measures proposed include strict enforcement of speed limits, more stringent licensing tests, mandatory seatbelt and helmet laws, and better road infrastructure like signage and speed breakers. Adopting and enforcing these measures could significantly reduce the millions of deaths and injuries from road accidents worldwide each year.
A presentation about Road safety in our country. The presentation was created for a Public speaking course. Due to privacy concern, only the group members names are kept where the student ID's are removed.
Road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, resulting in over one million deaths per year. India has a particularly high road fatality rate and sees over 150,000 deaths from traffic accidents annually. The risks are greater for certain groups like motorcyclists, young people, and those of low socioeconomic status. Most accidents are caused by human error factors like speeding, distracted driving, and alcohol use, though vehicle and road infrastructure issues also contribute. Prevention efforts include education, enforcement of traffic laws, improving vehicle and road design, and managing land use to reduce risk exposure.
AMBASSADOR STEVE MBUGUA ROAD SAFETY CULTURE CAMPAIGN.pdfAmb Steve Mbugua
A Road Safety Culture
For the last 8 years since 2015, I have been conducting annual Road Safety Campaigns in a mission to lower the traffic accidents statistics. The campaign dubbed #AmbSteveMbuguaRoadSafetyCampaign takes place at different parts of the country.
We have so far lost lives through road accidents in Kenya more than Tripple the number we have lost through Covid-19. Kenya loses on average 4900 lives every year through road traffic accidents. The high rate of road accidents in the world at large is highly worrisome. Many people lost their loved ones on road accidents while many others are injured or disabled. Based on the statistics given by WHO, nearly 1.3 million people die in road accidents each year and on average, 3,287 die daily. More so, 20 to 50 million people are injured or disabled due to road traffic accidents. It is also important to note that road traffic accidents have no respect for anyone or class of people; in other words, rich and poor, young and old etc. are dying in road accidents nearly every day, around the world. Furthermore, it is also known that road traffic accidents constitute the leading cause of death among the youths. For instance, almost 400,000 people under age 25 die in road accidents every year in the world and on average over 1,000 people die per day. The major reason for the high rate of deaths on the road is simply because many road users around the world have not seen road safety as an individual key responsibility. This explains why good road safety culture is almost non-existent in many societies particularly in Africa. Road safety is of prime importance as road accidents are among the biggest causes of deaths in the country. With the number of vehicles on our roads increasing with every passing hour, it’s of vital importance for everyone to have traffic awareness and understand and respect all the road safety rules in Kenya.
Road traffic safety refers to the methods and measures used to prevent road users from being killed or seriously injured. Typical road users include pedestrians, cyclists, motorists, vehicle passengers, skaters, horse riders, and passengers of on-road public transport.
The regular road users include: pedestrians, cyclists, motorists and passengers in public transport. In a simple language, everybody is a road user. Hence, road safety can be described as the methods and measures put in place in order to prevent all road users from being killed or seriously injured.
Traffic Safety Culture includes the values, beliefs, and attitudes that influence road user behaviors and stakeholder actions.
Road safety presentation(PPT) by FaisalFaisal Ayub
hi friends.....I m Faisal...this is my road safety ppt...feel free to clip and download...its about it safety, statistics and signs.....hope u like it.....comment down its rating out of 10
Road traffic accidents occur when a vehicle collides with another vehicle or object on a public road. They are a major public health issue and one of the leading causes of death globally for people aged 5-29. In Nepal, about 7 people die every day from road accidents, which account for 7% of all deaths in the country. The number of accidents and deaths from accidents has been increasing in Nepal over the past decade. Common causes of road accidents include speeding, drunk driving, not wearing seatbelts or helmets, and violating traffic rules. Preventive measures like enforcing speed limits, seatbelt and helmet laws, banning phone use while driving, and improving road infrastructure can help reduce accidents.
ROAD TRAFFIC
INJURIES
Road Traffic
Injuries
Approximately 1.35 million
people die each year as a result
of road traffic crashes
Between 20 and 50
million more people
suffer non-fatal
injuries
Many incur
disabilities as
a result of
their injury
Road Traffic Injuries
Cause considerable economic losses to individuals, their families, and
to nations as a whole
Losses arise from the cost of
treatment
Lost productivity for those killed or disabled by
their injuries, and for family members who need to
take time off work or school to care for the injured
Road traffic crashes cost most countries 3% of their gross domestic
product.
Road Traffic Injuries
Globally, road traffic
injuries are the leading
cause of death for
children and young
adults aged 5–29 years
Are the 8th leading
cause of death overall
Surpasses HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis and
diarrheal diseases
EVERY 24
SECONDS
SOMEONE DIES
ON THE ROAD
Road Traffic Injuries
Low-income countries use 1%
of the world’s vehicles
Account for 13% of all deaths
High-income countries use 40%
of the world’s vehicles
Account for only 7% of all deaths
Road Traffic Injuries
Some reductions were observed in 48 middle- and high-income countries
Overall, the number of deaths increased in 104 countries during this period.
Between 2013 and 2016, no reductions in the number of road traffic deaths
were observed in any low-income country
100,000 population, 2000-2016
income category, 2016
population by WHO regions, 2013, 2016
At Risk Groups
More than half of global traffic deaths
are amongst pedestrians, cyclists, and
motorcyclists
Often still neglected in road traffic system design in
many countries
Road traffic injury death rates highest in the African region
People from lower socioeconomic
backgrounds more likely to be involved
in road traffic crashes
Even in high-income countries
At Risk Groups
◦ Males more likely to be involved in road traffic crashes
than females
◦ About three quarters (73%) of all road traffic deaths
occur among young males under the age of 25 years
◦ Almost 3 times as likely to be killed in a road traffic crash versus
young females
Risk Factors -
Speeding
◦ Increases in average speed directly related both to the
likelihood of a crash occurring and to severity of the
consequences of the crash
◦ Every 1% increase in mean speed produces a 4%
increase in the fatal crash risk and a 3% increase in
the serious crash risk
◦ Death risk for pedestrians hit by front of car rises
rapidly (4.5 times from 31 mph to 40 mph)
◦ In car-to-car side impacts, the fatality risk for car
occupants is 85% at 40 mph
Risk Factors – Alcohol and Drugs
◦ Driving under the influence of alcohol and any psychoactive drug increases the risk of a crash resulting in
death or serious injuries
◦ Risk of a road traffic crash starts at low levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and increa.
Road traffic accidents are a major public health issue globally. Over 1.2 million people die each year in road accidents worldwide, with low and middle income countries disproportionately affected. Risk factors include excessive speed, alcohol use, poor road infrastructure, and lack of safety measures like seatbelts and helmets. Prevention requires a multisectoral approach including strict enforcement of traffic laws, improved road design, safer vehicles, and public education campaigns.
Road traffic accidents a major teen killerCPBansal
To bring awareness about this major cause of teen deaths, RTA have many predisposing factors - like road conditions, poor licencing, poor condition of vehicles apart from speed and distracted driving.
This document discusses epidemiology of road traffic accidents. It provides definitions of road traffic accidents and some key facts such as road accidents being a global problem that disproportionately impact low and middle income countries. Speeding, drinking and driving, lack of helmet and seatbelt use, and poor road infrastructure are identified as major risk factors. The document also outlines the epidemiological triad of host, agent, and environmental factors in road accidents. It discusses the burden of road accidents in India and provides data on deaths by type of road users and vehicles. Prevention strategies covered include education, legislation around drinking and driving, helmet and seatbelt use, speed management, and improving trauma care systems.
The document discusses pedestrian safety and outlines safe driving practices around pedestrians. It notes that pedestrian deaths are higher than other modes of transportation. It recommends drivers slow down, especially around schools and areas with many pedestrians, increase defensive scanning to spot pedestrians, and exercise extra caution for high-risk groups like children, seniors, and distracted pedestrians. The key message is for drivers to be alert of pedestrians and slow down to avoid collisions.
Road accidents have become a major problem in India, with over 130,000 deaths annually, more than any other country. Some key facts about road accidents in India include that there is an average of one accident per minute, resulting in 290 deaths per day. Improper or reckless driver behavior such as speeding, drunk driving, distraction, and not wearing seatbelts are among the primary causes. Road accidents also have significant financial costs, imposing losses of 1-3% of India's GDP each year. The government has implemented various initiatives and preventative measures through the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways to improve road safety, but more remains to be done.
The document discusses the 46th National Safety Day/Week campaign in India. The campaign aims to promote safety, health and environment practices in workplaces across different industrial sectors. It has been spearheaded by the Council for nearly three decades and has contributed to reducing industrial accidents. The campaign encourages organizations to develop specific safety activities and promotes voluntary compliance with safety standards. It also seeks to strengthen safety culture and integrate it with overall work culture. A variety of activities are organized at the national, state, and enterprise levels to raise awareness about safety during the Safety Week observation.
The document provides an overview of OSHA's Lockout/Tagout standard which requires energy control procedures to prevent injury during servicing of machines. It defines lockout and tagout, describes the types of employees involved (authorized to perform lockout/tagout, affected, and other employees), hazardous energy sources, common causes of injuries, and the key elements of an energy control program including procedures, training, inspections. It provides details on lockout/tagout procedures, use of locks and tags, group lockouts, shift changes, removal of locks/tags, and restoring energy to equipment.
The document discusses various workplace hazards grouped into four categories: chemical, physical, ergonomic, and biological. It provides examples and details of common hazards within each category. The goal of industrial hygiene is to anticipate hazards, recognize their effects, evaluate exposures, and implement controls to protect worker safety and well-being. The document emphasizes that occupiers have a responsibility to be aware of hazards, design safer systems, and encourage proper safety procedures through good management.
This health tips document provides advice to take care of one's health. It emphasizes that health is wealth and encourages the reader to prioritize their well-being. Contact information is provided for Vasant Oak, who prepared the tips.
This document provides information on staying healthy and managing risks for diabetes. It discusses maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight and waistline. Making lifestyle changes can be difficult and require considering risks of not changing and costs and benefits. While family and friends may be upset by changes initially, communication and asserting one's goals can help. Regular exercise is important for stress management and improving self-image, and finding enjoyable activities makes it more sustainable. Small improvements are better than no changes.
This document provides an overview of OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard and chemical hazards. It discusses what constitutes a chemical hazard, physical and health hazards, and specific types of hazardous chemicals like flammables and corrosives. It describes the requirements of OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard including developing a written hazard communication program, obtaining material safety data sheets, labeling containers, and training employees. The purpose is to ensure chemical hazards are evaluated and information about those hazards is communicated to employers and employees.
Diwali is a Hindu festival celebrated over six days that marks the victory of light over darkness and good over evil. It is celebrated with the lighting of lamps, fireworks, sharing of sweets and gifts, and worship of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. Key events during Diwali include Govatsa Dwadashi, Dhanteras, Narak Chaturdashi, Diwali/Laxmi Pujan, Bali Pratipada/Govardhan Puja, and Bhai Dooj. Ancient legends associated with Diwali include the defeat of the demon Narakasura by Krishna and the return of Rama and Sita to Ayodhya
The document outlines three consistent approaches to investigating workplace accidents: data collection, event charting, and root cause identification. It then provides details on each approach and how to apply them to an investigation of a kitchen fire accident. Data collection involves gathering evidence like interviews, photos, and records. Event charting creates a timeline of the incident. Root cause identification determines the underlying causes that led to the accident through causal factor analysis, barrier analysis, and change analysis. The document uses the kitchen fire example to demonstrate how to apply these approaches to identify root causes and make recommendations to prevent future occurrences.
Diwali is a time of celebration, but safety should be ensured. The document provides tips for celebrating Diwali safely such as wearing cotton clothes while bursting firecrackers, purchasing from licensed shops, supervising children, having a fire extinguisher on hand, discarding used fireworks carefully, and being sensitive to noise pollution. Following these tips can help prevent accidents and ensure a happy festival.
This document celebrates International Women's Day and highlights the achievements of many influential women. It recognizes women who have broken barriers and glass ceilings in various fields like education, politics, sports, science and the military. The document pays tribute to women who have empowered others through their leadership, courage and accomplishments. It also acknowledges that while progress has been made, many women around the world still face challenges of poverty, discrimination, violence and lack of equal rights and opportunities.
This document contains information about a photo album belonging to Vasant Oak, who works as the DGM of EHSS. It also includes a phone number that is likely Vasant Oak's contact number.
National Safety Day/Week is celebrated annually in India from March 4-11 to raise awareness about safety in workplaces and reduce industrial accidents. The campaign has been spearheaded for nearly three decades by the National Safety Council to mark its foundation day on March 4. The objectives of the campaign are to promote safety, health, and environment movements across different industrial sectors and involve employees in safety activities through a participatory approach. The 2016 theme is "Strengthen Safety Movement To Achieve Zero Harm." Previous themes focused on building a safety culture, managing workplace stress, ensuring safe workplaces, and establishing a preventative safety culture.
1) Always slow down, stay in your lane, drive with both hands on the wheel, don't tailgate, use signals properly, keep your eyes moving, and always wear a seat belt to modify your driving and avoid accidents.
2) When driving, only drive and don't text or talk on the phone to avoid distractions. Also try to avoid driving at night, in bad weather, or when tired.
3) Keep your car safe by keeping tires properly inflated, going to regular tune-ups, keeping windows and mirrors clean, and replacing windshield wipers regularly.
The document provides information about personal protective equipment (PPE). It discusses the importance of PPE and outlines employer and employee responsibilities regarding PPE. Specific types of PPE are described in detail, including eye and face protection, head protection, hand protection, foot protection, and body protection. Training requirements for PPE are also summarized.
This document provides safety tips for cold weather activities and winter season hazards. It addresses safety for cold exposure, walking, driving, home safety, holidays, recreation, snow removal and seasonal affective disorder. Key tips include wearing layered, loose clothing; driving safely for road conditions; home safety like checking furnaces and using space heaters safely; and taking precautions for recreational activities like snowmobiling, hockey and skiing/snowboarding.
This document summarizes a presentation on healthy living. It discusses how most people want to live long, disease-free lives with energy but typically do not achieve this. It notes that the average lifespan is 70-75 years and many suffer from diseases by middle age. However, it argues that our health is within our control and we can live over 100 years if we have the right knowledge, conviction, and take action regarding diet, exercise, lifestyle habits. It provides extensive tips and charts on healthy foods, supplements, and daily habits to promote longevity and well-being.
The document discusses the importance of personal hygiene for physical and mental health. It emphasizes that good hygiene practices like regular bathing, dental hygiene through brushing and flossing, hand washing especially before eating, and sun protection can keep germs and diseases at bay. In contrast, poor hygiene allows germs and bacteria to spread and cause illnesses. The document provides guidelines for proper techniques to maintain good hygiene including how to effectively wash hands and care for oral health.
New Year greetings through social media are a good way to wish friends and family a happy new year even if they are far away. Sending New Year greetings helps convey wishes for happiness, health, contentment, peace, luck, and sparkling memories in the new year 2016. This collection of greetings can be selected and sent to closest friends and family to impress emotions and wish them a happy family new year.
2. “Health of the Nation is more important
than the wealth of the Nation”
Road safety is a major public health concern.
Indian road network is second longest in the world covering
more than 3 million Kilometers.
80% of road length consists of village and other roads and
12% constitutes major districts roads.
85% of passenger loads and 70% of freight load is carried by
road.
As per 2004 data there were 72.7 million vehicles on roads and
vehicle fleets are doubling after every 6 to 7 years.
Financial outlay for road transport sector during 10th plan i.e.
2002-2007 was 9416.90 crores.
3. Types of vehicles plying on
Indian roads along with their
wrong usage according to their
capacity is a matter of great
concern for road safety. These
vehicles create traffic chaos and
are a cause of road crashes.
Few examples are :--
13. Road Accidents in India (In Thousands)
Year Road
Accidents
Persons Killed Persons
Injured
1970 114.1 14.5 70.1
1980 153.2 24.6 109.1
1990 282.6 54.1 244.1
2000 391.4 78.9 399.3
2005 439.2 94.9 465.2
14. India has only 1 % of world vehicle population, but
accounts for 6 % of the accidents and 10 % fatalities
due to road traffic injuries.
Total economic loss to society on account of road
accidents is estimated to be Rs. 55000 crores per
annum.
In India 11 % of deaths due to non communicable
diseases are due to injuries and 78 % of these injury
deaths are due to road traffic crashes. Hence road
safety becomes important responsibility of the
governments.
15. Factors affecting Road Traffic
Crashes:--
Types of roads and road users.
Colliding vehicles.
Environment and road related factors like road
geometry, design, visibility, diversions etc.
Vehicle related causing traffic mix.
16. Composition and flow of road traffic.
Adherence / enforcement of road safety regulations.
Unsafe driving behavior.
Traffic congestion caused by increased use of private
mode of transport and less practice of vehicle
pooling.
Highway capacity shortages (National Highways
constitute less than 2 % of the road length of the
country but carry 40 % of road based traffic).
Lack of valid and fake driving licenses
Nature of traffic management.
17. •Over loading of vehicles particularly trucks and tractor
trolleys.
Improper and overloading
21. Bottle necks in Road Safety:-
Drivers especially of heavy vehicles operate under
inhospitable conditions which induces high levels of
stress and possibility of accidents.
No organized wayside amenities, maintenance and
repair facilities.
Coverage of extra long distances by drivers leading to
fatigue and long spells of absence from home leading
to emotional and sexual deprivation causing increased
mental stress.
Concessions given to drivers by wayside eateries also
known as “Dhabas” in the form of free food and
alcohol for their own profit.
22. Lack of parking space alongside highways leading to
parking on roads.
23. Inexperienced, untrained and underage,
cyclists and rickshaw pullers on the road with
no separate path for them.
Presence of beggars on busy road junctions
and traffic lights.
Use of mobile phones while driving.
Drug addiction.
Presence of wine outlets near the roads.
Sale of lotteries, helmets etc near roadside.
27. Sale of small items like tissue papers, agarbatis,
Christmas caps, car shades, balloons,
newspapers, magazines etc on traffic light.
28. Roads used as dumping place for
construction material.
29. Dangers to Road safety due to religious reasons :--
Astrologers, palmists, tarot card readers etc. advise people to do certain
rituals known as “Upaayays” which cause traffic chaos. eg. throwing
something in flowing rivers, placing certain things on centre of the road or
at cross junctions etc.
Practice of donating money on certain specific days of the week in the
name of religion and presence of these donation seekers on busy roads and
traffic lights eg people on Saturday worship Saturday God known as “Shani
Devta” and there are special persons known as “Dandaut” who dress up
specially and hold a utensil in hand containing mustard oil and a iron
casting of Saturday God.
Partial encroachment of roads in the name of religion by building religious
structures which may be small or big.
Creating indigenous road blocks for organizing religious community
kitchens also known as “Langars” .
Organizing religious community kitchens on road and participation by
overenthusiastic devotees on road.
36. Other Threats to Road Safety :-
Movement of animals on busy roads -
Flouting of rules by road users.
No separate pathway for the non motorized transport and
pedestrians.
Poor visibility due to fog.
Parking of any type of vehicle at own convenience.
Playing mischief on road (specially with women drivers) while
driving.
Seeking attention on road by playing gimmicks like leaving
the handle while driving, standing while driving etc.
Use of pressure horns or horns with loud and funny noises.
Listening to loud music etc.
45. Road Traffic Injuries cause:--
Death.
Disability.
Hospitalization.
High Social and economic costs which include medical costs,
cost related to administration, Legal and police expenditure,
collateral damage in terms of damage to property and motor
vehicles, loss due to income forgone rising out of absence
from work or disability.
In 2005, there were 4.4 Lakh road accidents leading to death of
94,968 persons i.e. there was one road accident every minute
and one road accident death every 6 minutes.
Quality of life of accident survivors becomes poor as they live
with pain and suffering.
46. Multisectorial Involvement in Road Traffic Crash
Complete co-ordination in all these sectors is needed for the
rescue, transportation, trauma care and relief, investigation and
compilation of data to achieve total road safety in the interest
of road users.
Road Traffic
Crash
Road Designers Transport Sector
Legal Sectors
Automobile Manufacturers
Insurance Sector
Health Sector
Civic Agencies
47. Flow of information in case of road traffic
crash:--
Road Traffic crash
Informer
Police Control Room
(PCR)
PCR Van or Ambulance
Traffic Police
Police Station
Removes injured to the
hospital after giving first
aid and pre-hospital care
where ever possible.
50. Existing Health care setup:-
Sub Centres at village level
Primary Health Centres
Community Health Centres
Civil Hospitals
District Civil Hospitals and Trauma Centres
Tertiary Care / Referral Hospitals and Medical Colleges with
Super specialist set up.
All through the chain of setup private practitioners are present,
who also treat road traffic crash victims and form a very
important link in treating and providing data for road traffic
crash victims.
Data regarding road traffic crashes and the treatment of crash
victims can be collected from all these health set ups.
51. Post Road Traffic Crash Care:--
Aim is speedy and effective trauma care and management to save life.
Assistance by bystanders. People are reluctant for the fear that they may be
involved in police case. Awareness is now being spread that any body who
shifts the traffic crash victims to hospital will not be harassed as per law.
For any vehicle involved in accident that has caused injury to the person it
is the duty of the driver to shift the accident victim to the nearest doctor and
report the accident to the nearest police station with in 24 hours and the
insurance company.
Any vehicle government or private without any jurisdictional formality
should shift the accident victim to the hospital at the earliest to save life
even in cases of fatal accidents rather than declaring the victim dead on the
spot. There might be hope for him.
Courteous behavior by police and health staff towards the person who has
shifted the crash victim to the hospital.
Help the crash victim promptly and to the best of your ability. Remember
some time it could be you or your near and dear one. Think and act
empathetically and try to save life of the victim.
52. Treatment of the Road Crash Victim:--
Thrust is on saving life by providing prompt and best medical care right from the
site of accident, during transportation, in hospital and post hospital care period,
which may be in form of medication, counseling, rehabilitation and compensation.
As soon as crash victim is received in emergency prompt treatment is started for
resuscitation and maintenance of vital parameters and then according to severity
and type of injury treatment / surgical intervention by specialists is done
immediately in emergency operation theatres itself and the patient is kept under
emergency care post operatively until he stabilizes and is then shifted to respective
ward where he is fully treated and then discharged.
Medico legal work is done only after initial treatment.
In case of serious patients treatment even surgical intervention is started without
waiting for any relative to come for consent in the interest of saving life of the
accident victim. All legal formalities are done at later stage.
When ever accident victim is shifted to tertiary care hospitals a referral form
containing full detail of the injury and physical status of the patient along with
treatment given is filled but if patient is very serious he is immediately shifted and
emergency of tertiary care hospital is informed telephonically by referring doctor so
that every thing is ready there to receive and treat the patient.
As per law any body accompanying the road crash victim is not to be unduly
questioned or harassed to encourage public participation in shifting the road crash
victims to hospitals to save life.
53. Health Records on Road Traffic Crashes:--
Health records are inadequate in detail as they lack information on:--
Pre Hospital care.
On the spot deaths.
Transportation details from accident site to the hospital.
Data about intoxicated and unconscious states.
Injury details.
Details of road accident.
Use of variable forms in various health institutes in accident cases leading
to problems in data compiling.
Lack of specific Nodal Officers for collection and compilation of road
traffic injury treatment cases.
Lack of collection of data on treatment of road crash victims from private
practitioners.
Lack of matching of data of police and health records.
Inadequate data makes it difficult to improve Rapid Evaluation Techniques
for having authentic information on road traffic crashes and the treatment
of accident victims there after, but the process to improve the data
collection, compilation and analysis has now begun as road safety has
become a public health concern.
54. Factors Affecting Quality Care of Road Crash Victims:-
Lack of awareness in general public about the legal procedures.
Crowd of onlookers at the accident site without serving any purpose.
Chaos in emergencies of public hospitals due to overcrowding of patients.
Political interference.
Lack of adequate spiritual and moral training workshops for casualty
doctors and nurses.
In adequate data on road traffic injuries and their treatment records.
Incomplete registration of road traffic crashes. Mostly compromise is
reached between the crash causing vehicle owner and crash victim and
accident case is not reported.
Due to low awareness level lack of trust by relatives of crash victims in
health care facilities being provided leading to frequent shifting of patient
and thus affecting his treatment.
Inadequate link between all health institutions for trauma care and
compilation of data.
55. Employee State Insurance Scheme:--
It is participative health and social insurance scheme to
provide protection to workers in the organized sector and their
dependants in contingencies such as sickness, maternity or
death and disablement due to an employment injury or
occupational disease. This scheme is administered by
corporate body called Employee State Insurance Corporation
which has its central headquarters at New Delhi.
ESI Health infrastructure has :--
1422 ESI Dispensaries.
2000 Panel Clinics.
307 Diagnostic Centres.
144 ESI Hospitals
42 Hospital Annexes.
28000 Hospital Beds.
For Super Specialty Treatment, there is tie up with advanced medical
institutions in country both private as well as public.
825 Branch Offices for payment of cash and other ESI related works.
56. Role of ESI in treating road crash victims:--
It provides all types of care to road crash victims even if
the person is not a insured person (IP) with the ESI in order
to save life.
In case of insured person meeting with road accident
complete treatment along with sickness benefit for 91 days
and extended sickness benefit for 2 years with 50 % and 70
% of wages respectively is given after authentication by
designated authorities.
Any expenditure by the IP in his treatment after road crash
is reimbursed by ESI in case he has been treated elsewhere
in emergency outside the ESI health network.
Free supply of physical aids and appliances such as
crutches, wheel chairs, dentures, spectacles etc.
Funeral expenses on death of an IP subject to a maximum
of Rs 2500/- payable at branch office.
57. Clinical Overview of Causes of Road
Traffic Crashes among industrial
workers:--
Stress due to :--
Employer behavior.
Interpersonal Stress among employees.
Domestic stresses.
Professional Stress.
Fatigue caused by :--
Long working hours.
Rigid and odd working hours.
Practice of overtime irrespective of health status of workers.
Haphazard and unhealthy working environment.
Time bound irrational target oriented work approach.
Inadequate flexible leave for recreation or for doing personal work.
Employment at mercy of employer.
58. Lack of counselors to de-stress workers.
Lack of sincere efforts to check working
environment.
Lack of awareness among workers regarding various
benefits.
Drug addiction, improper and unhealthy diet intake
from factory canteens leading to physical ailments in
industrial workers.
Maximum use of non-motorized transport by
industrial workers.
These workers who are either physically weak or
fatigued or under mental stress often become a cause
or a victim of road crash as even while driving /
walking on the road their mind is occupied.
59. Road Safety ---- A Responsibility:---
Department of Road Transport and Highways with its head
office at New Delhi is responsible for :--
Formulation / Implementation of policies for road transport
development.
Maintenance of National Highways.
Transport Research.
Updating of norms for road safety.
Ensure safe mobility of the road transport system in the country.
Administration of Motor Vehicle Act 1988, which lays downs
principles and procedures and makes authorities responsible for issue of
driving licenses, issue of permits, grant of fitness certificates for
vehicles on roads, prescription of emission and safety related norms for
motor vehicles, norms for type approval in production of new motor
vehicles, issues relating to compensation in case of motor vehicle
accidents and compilation of data.
61. National Highway Accident Relief Service
Scheme (NHARSS):--
Under this scheme crash victim is shifted to
nearest hospital, medical assistance is provided,
damaged vehicle is removed from site, cranes and
ambulances are given to NGOs and state
authorities.
65. Proposal to setup National Road Safety and
Traffic Management Board to provide a co-
ordinated approach in the area of road
accidents.
Proposal to build and re-strengthen existing
public private partnerships to enhance road
safety.
Adherence to National Road Transport Policy.
66. Road Safety – A Challenge:--
Thrust of road safety is 4 E’s i.e. education,
enforcement, engineering and environment.
80 % of road accidents are due to driver negligence
and fault, so there is a need to monitor driver training
school regarding their infrastructure, equipment,
quality control, qualified driver training instructors,
strict code for issue of driving licenses, regular and
random health checkups of drivers along with
counseling sessions, checking for any drug and
alcohol addiction, overloading, over speeding and
refresher training for existing drivers.
Need for parking spaces and truck terminals out side
the cities to reduce traffic crashes.
Need to avoid using mobiles while driving.
67. Need to use helmets and seat belts while driving.
Need to inculcate road safety culture.
Need to count traveling time for reaching the
destination.
Need to design roads in a way that even if a person is
wrong the system does not permit him to do that
wrong.
Need to strictly enforce yellow colour code for school
buses and to regulate their speed.
Need to stop the ringing up a e person while he is
driving.
Need for stress free driving, avoid driving while
under stress.
68. Road Safety Awareness Measures:--
Organization of road safety weeks, seminars and
exhibitions. This year road safety week was observed
throughout the country from 1st to 7th January 2009
and theme was “Carefully Drive Reach Alive”.
Display of banners and distribution of pamphlets on
road safety.
Telecasting and broadcasting of TV spots / Radio
Jingles.
Organizing Essay Competitions, Declamation
Contests on Road Safety.
Printing of calendars, stickers, posters containing
road safety measures.
Display of road safety slides in cinema halls.
69. Organizing street plays on road safety.
Organizing workshop cum training programs on road
safety management, road transport regulation and
planning.
Display of road signs and Do’s and Don’ts regarding
road safety at important locations / traffic junctions to
inculcate road discipline.
Special training for school and college students for
sensitization to traffic rules.
Involvement of NGOs, print, audio and audio visual
media in all the above activities.
Organizing rallies to create awareness on road safety
measures.
70. Remember ….
“Your Life is Precious and so is the
Life of Others. Drive Safely and Live
and Let Others Live”