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Ray Nattrass, Shanks Waste Management

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Anaerobic Digestion & Biogas Association
Anaerobic Digestion & Biogas Association

Ray Nattrass discusses the history and future of anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion has been used since the 1800s but saw setbacks due to cheaper fossil fuels. Key drivers now include high energy prices, climate change, and government incentives. However, feedstock availability is shrinking and costs are rising. New opportunities exist to produce higher value chemicals and fuels through diversification and new technologies, but managing technology risk is important for success. Proper design, implementation, and handover are needed to ensure reliable plant operations over the long term.

Environment
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MAKING THE MOST OF BIORESOURCES #UKADBiogas @adbioresources CHAIR: RICHARD GUETERBOCK, CLEARFLEAU KEYNOTES: DAVID NEWMAN, BIOBASED AND BIODEGRADABLE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (BBIA) RAY NATTRASS, SHANKS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Developing a Working Bioeconomy Engineering & Design Ray Nattrass Head of Process Engineering & Design
History of Anaerobic Digestion Key drivers forcing change Opportunities to diversify & grow Successful introduction of new technologies Engineering Design Project Management 3 Introduction
History of Anaerobic Digestion 4
Shanks - Wakefield 5 MRF HWRC IVCPre-sort MRF Autoclave AD
1808 – Sir Humphrey Davy – found methane in gas from manure 1859 – 1st AD plant in India 1895 – 1st AD plant in UK - Exeter – fuel for street lamps 1930’s Anaerobic bacteria identified Used mainly in waste water sludge digestion Set back by low cost of coal and oil Many early failures Technical improvements and larger plants driven by energy price 2000 - Diversification into food waste, agriculture and MSW Recent growth drivers – high energy price, climate change, energy security and government incentives History of Anaerobic Digestion 6
7
Feedstock availability Shrinking gate fees Increased costs for recycling digestate Uncertainty of land routes for recycling Incentives for AD are distorting the market Methane and digestate are low value products Other technologies offer greater efficiency “Existing policy dealing with waste recovery is largely focussed on energy generation rather than creation of higher-value products” Royal Society of Chemistry – Lords Report March 2014 Key drivers forcing change 8
Opportunities to diversify 9 Dewatering/Thickening VFA Rich Liquor Thickene d Sludge Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) Acetone Butanol Ethanol PHA production Fuel for Energy Recovery Biorefining High value Chemicals Biodegradable packaging Biocoal
Managing the technology risk 10 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s
High level business case Feedstock specification Output quality/end destination R&D Technical due diligence Share/off-set the technology risk Be realistic on timescales and expectations Start a risk register 11 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s
“Fail to prepare – prepare to fail” Fully develop the business case. Fully define the project scope Consult with all interested stakeholders, utility companies etc Capex and opex budgets at the heart of the business model Implementation strategy & programme Handover plan Update the risk register STOP – review against business case 12 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s
During design we lay down the foundations for a: Robust plant Reliable plant Capable of excellent “Operational Performance” 13 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s Design Procure Construct Commissio n “The bitterness of poor design and quality lasts long after the sweetness of making the date and budgets are forgotten”
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Organisational Arrangements Programme Cost Plan Key Plant Operational Documents Final Documentation from Suppliers Snagging/ Safety Tours Defect Management/Warranty Work Ongoing Contractor Support Optimisation Maintenance Operational Staff & Resources Non Organisational Arrangements Programme Cost Plan Key Plant Operational Documents Final Documentation from Suppliers Snagging/ Safety Tours Defect Management/Warranty Work Ongoing Contractor Support Optimisation Maintenance Operational Staff & Resources Non-Capex Procurement 15 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s Business Systems Plant Performance Monitoring Spares and Plant Consumables Feedstock and Off-Take Agreements Liaison with 3rd Parties Grants and applications Planning & permitting Staff Training Mobile Plant Performance Testing
History of Anaerobic Digestion Key drivers forcing change Opportunities to diversify Successful introduction of new technologies 16 Summary
MAKING THE MOST OF BIORESOURCES #UKADBiogas @adbioresources CHAIR: RICHARD GUETERBOCK, CLEARFLEAU KEYNOTES: DAVID NEWMAN, BIOBASED AND BIODEGRADABLE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (BBIA) RAY NATTRASS, SHANKS WASTE MANAGEMENT

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Ray Nattrass, Shanks Waste Management

  • 1. MAKING THE MOST OF BIORESOURCES #UKADBiogas @adbioresources CHAIR: RICHARD GUETERBOCK, CLEARFLEAU KEYNOTES: DAVID NEWMAN, BIOBASED AND BIODEGRADABLE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (BBIA) RAY NATTRASS, SHANKS WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • 2. Developing a Working Bioeconomy Engineering & Design Ray Nattrass Head of Process Engineering & Design
  • 3. History of Anaerobic Digestion Key drivers forcing change Opportunities to diversify & grow Successful introduction of new technologies Engineering Design Project Management 3 Introduction
  • 4. History of Anaerobic Digestion 4
  • 6. 1808 – Sir Humphrey Davy – found methane in gas from manure 1859 – 1st AD plant in India 1895 – 1st AD plant in UK - Exeter – fuel for street lamps 1930’s Anaerobic bacteria identified Used mainly in waste water sludge digestion Set back by low cost of coal and oil Many early failures Technical improvements and larger plants driven by energy price 2000 - Diversification into food waste, agriculture and MSW Recent growth drivers – high energy price, climate change, energy security and government incentives History of Anaerobic Digestion 6
  • 7. 7
  • 8. Feedstock availability Shrinking gate fees Increased costs for recycling digestate Uncertainty of land routes for recycling Incentives for AD are distorting the market Methane and digestate are low value products Other technologies offer greater efficiency “Existing policy dealing with waste recovery is largely focussed on energy generation rather than creation of higher-value products” Royal Society of Chemistry – Lords Report March 2014 Key drivers forcing change 8
  • 9. Opportunities to diversify 9 Dewatering/Thickening VFA Rich Liquor Thickene d Sludge Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) Acetone Butanol Ethanol PHA production Fuel for Energy Recovery Biorefining High value Chemicals Biodegradable packaging Biocoal
  • 10. Managing the technology risk 10 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s
  • 11. High level business case Feedstock specification Output quality/end destination R&D Technical due diligence Share/off-set the technology risk Be realistic on timescales and expectations Start a risk register 11 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s
  • 12. “Fail to prepare – prepare to fail” Fully develop the business case. Fully define the project scope Consult with all interested stakeholders, utility companies etc Capex and opex budgets at the heart of the business model Implementation strategy & programme Handover plan Update the risk register STOP – review against business case 12 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s
  • 13. During design we lay down the foundations for a: Robust plant Reliable plant Capable of excellent “Operational Performance” 13 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s Design Procure Construct Commissio n “The bitterness of poor design and quality lasts long after the sweetness of making the date and budgets are forgotten”
  • 14. 14
  • 15. Organisational Arrangements Programme Cost Plan Key Plant Operational Documents Final Documentation from Suppliers Snagging/ Safety Tours Defect Management/Warranty Work Ongoing Contractor Support Optimisation Maintenance Operational Staff & Resources Non Organisational Arrangements Programme Cost Plan Key Plant Operational Documents Final Documentation from Suppliers Snagging/ Safety Tours Defect Management/Warranty Work Ongoing Contractor Support Optimisation Maintenance Operational Staff & Resources Non-Capex Procurement 15 Concept Definition Implementation Handover Stable Operation s Business Systems Plant Performance Monitoring Spares and Plant Consumables Feedstock and Off-Take Agreements Liaison with 3rd Parties Grants and applications Planning & permitting Staff Training Mobile Plant Performance Testing
  • 16. History of Anaerobic Digestion Key drivers forcing change Opportunities to diversify Successful introduction of new technologies 16 Summary
  • 17. MAKING THE MOST OF BIORESOURCES #UKADBiogas @adbioresources CHAIR: RICHARD GUETERBOCK, CLEARFLEAU KEYNOTES: DAVID NEWMAN, BIOBASED AND BIODEGRADABLE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (BBIA) RAY NATTRASS, SHANKS WASTE MANAGEMENT
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