Quality Assurance with Manual Testing

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View Software Testing course details at www.edureka.co/software-testing
Quality Assurance with Manual Testing

Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
Software Testing fundamentals
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and different types of models
Test Planning
Test Design

www.edureka.co/software-testingSlide 3
Software Testing
Software Testing is the process of validating and verifying that a software application or product works as expected

Typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code requirements, and specifications
This can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meeting
Verification and Validation
Verification
Validation
Typically involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed
Validation and Verification process continue in a cycle till the software becomes defects free

Why Software Testing?
Software developed by human beings is likely to have faults/bugs
Failures can be very expensive
Learn about the reliability of the software
Avoid being sued by customers
To stay in business

What is a “Bug”?
A person makes
an error ...
… that creates a
fault in the
software ...
… that can cause
a failure
in operation
Error - Fault - Failure

Why do Faults Occur in Software?
Wrong Requirements : Erroneous, incomplete, inconsistent requirements.
Design: Fundamental design flaws in the software.
Implementation: Mistakes in chip fabrication, wiring, programming faults, malicious code.
Support Systems: Poor programming languages, faulty compilers and debuggers, misleading development tools.

What do Software Faults Cost?
Huge Loss
Very Large
Impact
Inconvenience
Cost of Software Faults

Cost of Software Faults
An F-18 crashed because of a missing exception condition: if ... then ... without the else clause that was thought
could not possibly arise.
In the US, five nuclear power plants were shut down in 1979 because of a program fault in a simulation program
used to design nuclear reactor to withstand earthquakes.
In Washington, 1987, a patient received 8,000-10,000 radiation instead of the prescribed 86 radiation .
The patient died of complications of the radiation overdose.
A software flaw caused a UK bank to duplicate every transfer payment request for half an hour. The bank lost 2
billion British pounds!

Classification of Software Testing
Software Testing can broadly be classified into two categories
Manual Testing
Manual testing includes testing a software
manually
The tester takes over the role of an end-user
and tests the software to identify any
unexpected behavior or bug
There are different stages for manual testing
Automation testing also known as Test
Automation, is when the tester writes scripts
and uses another software to test the product
Automation testing automates the manual
testing process by using some tool like
Selenium
By using Automation testing we can re-run the
test scenarios that were performed manually,
quickly, and repeatedly
Automation Testing

Principles of Testing
Testing shows presence of defects
Exhaustive testing is impossible
Early testing
Defect clustering
Pesticide paradox
Testing is context depending
Absence of errors fallacy

What is Quality?
Quality is defined as meeting the customer’s requirements and according to the standards
The best measure of Quality is given by FURPS
Functionality
Usability
ReliabilityPerformance
Scalability
Best measure
of
Quality

Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance is a planned and systematic set of activities necessary to provide confidence that products
and services will conform to specified requirements and meet user needs
Process oriented
Defect prevention based
Throughout the life cycle
Management process

Quality Control
Quality control is the process by which product quality is compared with the applicable standards and the
action taken when non conformance is detected
Product oriented
Defect detection based

QA Versus QC
QA QC
To make sure that we are doing the right
things, the right way
To make sure that the results of what
we’ve done are what we expected
Focuses on building in quality and hence
preventing defects
Focuses on testing for quality and hence
detecting defects
Deals with process Deals with product
For entire life cycle For testing part in SDLC
Preventive process Corrective process

Roles of a Tester
Requirement
gathering
Phase
Design
Phase
Development
Phase
Testing
Phase
Deployment
Phase
Support
Phase
Requirement
analysis
Use case analysis
and
contribute to test plan
Author/Review test case
and
finalize test plan
Test execution
and
log defects
Training documentation
and
lessons learnt
Test production
issues

When to Start Testing?
Testing is done in different forms at every phase of SDLC like
» Requirement gathering phase: The analysis and verifications of requirements also considered as testing
» Design phase: Reviewing the design with intent to improve the design is also considered as testing
» Development phase: Testing performed by a developer on completion of the code is also categorized as
Unit type of testing
Requirement
gathering
Phase
Design
Phase
Development
Phase
Testing
Phase
Deployment
Phase
Support
Phase
Phases at which testing is started

When to Stop Testing?
Unlike when to start testing it is difficult to determine when to stop testing, as testing is a never ending process
and no one can say that any software is 100% tested
Following are the aspects which should be considered to stop the testing:
» Testing Deadlines
» Completion of test case execution
» Completion of functional and code coverage to a certain point
» Bug rate falls below a certain level and no high priority bugs are identified
» Management decision

Software Life Cycle Models
Waterfall
Model
V
Model
Spiral
Model
Prototype
Model
Incremental
Model
Software Life
Cycle Models

Software Life Cycle Phases
Phase-3
Design
Phase-4
Implemen
tation
Phase-6
Evolution
Phase-5
Testing
Phase-1
Planning
Phase-2
Analysis

Test Planning Tasks
To determine the scope and risks
To determine the test approach
To implement the test strategy
To determine the required test resources like people, test environments, PCs, etc.
To schedule test analysis and design tasks, test implementation, execution and evaluation
To determine the Exit criteria we need to set criteria such as Coverage criteria

Test Plan
Test plan is the project plan for the testing work to be done
It is not a test design specification, a collection of test cases or a set of test procedures; in fact, most of our test
plans do not address that level of detail
 Many people have different definitions for test plans

Purpose of Test Plan
Guides our thinking - forces us to confront the challenges
Means of communication with other members of the project team, testers, peers, managers and other stakeholders
Helps us to manage change

Testing Activities
Functional
Requirement
Scenario
Test Cases
Test set
Test Script
Any Statement describing a functionality that is expected
of the system
Any condition that could possibly happen in production
Input + Pre-Conditions Post-Conditions + Output
A group of Test similar test cases that require the
same steps to be executed
A set of steps (manual/automated) to execute
a set of similar test cases

A test case is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will
determine whether an application, software system or one of its
features satisfies requirements and works correctly
Test Case

Sample Test Case
Test Case
Name
Test
Description
Prerequisites Steps Input
Expected
Result
Actual Result Status Comments
Admin_Log
in_01
Verify
whether
Admin can
login with
valid
username
and
password
Admin should
have
registered
with valid
Login ID &
Password
1. Goto
htttp://ww
w.abc.com
1.Login ID –
admin01
ABC home page
should appear
JavaScript error
is show
Fail
2. Click on
Login link
2. Password
–
Welcome01
Login Screen
should appear
3. Enter
Valid login
id and
password
and Click
OK
User account
page should be
opened

Demo

LIVE Online Class
Class Recording in LMS
24/7 Post Class Support
Module Wise Quiz
Project Work
Verifiable Certificate
Course Features

Questions

Course Topics
 Module 6
» Test Execution
 Module 7
» Defect Management
 Module 8
» Reporting & Team Collaboration
 Module 9
» Metrics & Measurement
 Module 10
» Testing Tools & FAQs
 Module 1
» Introduction to Software Testing Life Cycle
 Module 2
» Test Planning
 Module 3
» Test Design
 Module 4
» Test Techniques
 Module 5
» Levels & Types Of Testing

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