1) The document discusses using n-gram analysis to segment Google Shopping queries by value in order to optimize bidding. It involves analyzing performance of unigrams, bigrams, and trigrams to identify high- and low-value queries. 2) Negative keywords are then used to segment campaigns and drive traffic from low-value queries to low-priority campaigns and high-value queries to high-priority campaigns. 3) Regularly updating the n-gram analysis and negative keyword lists ensures the campaigns remain optimized to the most valuable queries over time.