Normative study on motor fitness test for university boys

Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
288X
Vol 3, No 11, 2012

Normative Study on Motor Fitness Test for University Boys
Dr. Kalpana Sharma1 Dr. Ajit2
1. Professor & Director, Amity School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Amity University Uttar
Pradesh, Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida, India
2. Assistant Professor, Amity School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Amity University Uttar
Pradesh, Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida, India
* E-mail of the corresponding author: ksharma1@amity.edu / drkalpanas@gmail.com
mail

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to construct a motor fitness test for identification and selection of talent at university
level. Various test items were selected in the initial phase which was finally reduced to a four test item battery after
scientific evaluation of the items selected. The study involved 258 college boys between the age group of
uation
17-25years belonging to various colleges of Delhi NCR, India. Percentile norms were constructed for the
25years
evaluation of motor fitness level, which could be used as standard criteria for identification and selection of
standard
potential talent at the university level.
Keywords: Motor fitness, physical fitness, motor abilities, university
university.

1. Introduction
University boys can be an asset for working towards excellence if identification, selection and nurturing of
psychomotor abilities required for selection and nurturing of talent are done through a systematic and scientific
process. Such a process requires standard measurement tools in the form of motor fitness test batte instrument
battery
which can measure the aspects of youth which are desirable traits and qualities to pursuit towards excellence.
Toward this endeavor, general fitness test to assess the ability to carry out daily task without fatigue (Davis 2000)
and to measure capability to meet successfully the present and potential challenges of life (Lamb 1984) are not
e
valid for meeting the particular objective. Instead motor fitness test batteries are required which could include
elements that involve more abilities than those of basic fitness components of cardio endurance, muscular
those
endurance, strength, flexibility (Johnson & Nelson, 1974) and emphasis on assessment of motor qualities that
enhance performance (Bucher & Wuest, 1987)
1987).

2. Methodology
258 university boys ranging between the age group of 18 25 years were consented for the study from various
ing 18-25
colleges of Delhi NCR, India who had participated in one or more inter college, state, national sports competitions.
Selection of test components involved a systematic and scientific approach, as the process was divided into various
scientific
phases. Initial phase included identification of five components and nine test items basis on:
(a) The items ability to measure the motor fitness component based on previous research studies.
(b) The items administrative feasibility
ms
(c) Established validity and reliability of the test items.
Second phase was of expert opinion for content validity, which involved the opinions of six experts who were
having research experience in physical education and sports sciences, actively involved into training and coaching
at university level. The process led to merger of four items namely coordinative ability, coordination, balance,
agility into one item named as coordination ability. Strength and power were clubbed int one item named as
into
explosive strength. The process led to identification of five test items from the existing nine. No test for flexibility
was selected as it was considered as a bi
bi-product of fitness (Johnson & Nelson, 1974), hence not considered to be
,
measured directly. Third phase included focus group discussion involving five experts. All items were discussed
easured
and debated logically. The discussion resulted in retaining and sequencing of the test items as agility, speed,
strength, endurance and explosive strength to be used as part of motor fitness test battery.
The following items were considered as measures of the motor fitness components selected for inclusion in the
study.
Table No. 1 Motor fitness test battery and measuring test items
S.N. Test Item and ability measured Ability measured Reference test Battery
1 Illinois Agility test Agility and speed test Illinois Agility test
2 Muscular strength test Push-ups Marine Corp Physical Fitness Program
3 Explosive strength Standing broad jump AAHPER
4 Cardio-vascular endurance 12 min. run/walk Cooper test

27

288X
Vol 3, No 11, 2012

Final phase was of scientific authenticity through reliability and objectivity. Test re test method was used on 30
re-test
subjects for reliability and inter-tester consistency was performed on 30 subjects.
tester

Table No. 2 Reliability and Inter Tester Reliability Scores
S. No. Reliability Inter tester

(Test-Retest) Reliability

Illinois agility test .815 .803

Push-up .982 .896

Standing Broad Jump .865 .618

Cooper 12 min. run/walk .852 .165

Norms Development
Table No. 3 Norms for Motor Fitness Test Battery in Percentile
Percentile
12 min.
Standing broad jump Illinois test Push-ups Composite Score
run-walk

100 <2748 <2.42 >16.57 <41 10

90 2748-2482 2.41-2.34
2.41 17.32 - 16.58 35 - 40 9

80 2482-2402 2.26 - 2.33 17.65 - 17.33 31 - 34 8

70 2402-2213 2.23 - 2.25 17.86 - 17.66 27 - 30 7

60 2213-2061 2.13 - 2.22 18.23 - 17.87 25 - 26 6

50 2061-1958 2.09 - 2.12 18.58 - 18.24 21 - 24 5

40 1958-1816 2.01 - 2.08 18.89 - 18.59 16 - 20 4

30 1816-1639 1.96 – 2 19.38 - 18.9 15 - 18 3

20 1639-1546 1.82 - 1.95 19.73 - 19.39 12 - 14 2

10 1546-1115 1.49 – 1.81 20.27- 19.74 4 - 11 1

3. Out Come
All four test items of the motor fitness battery are converted into percentile and class is formed using the interval
between every tenth percentiles starting from 0 till 100th percentile. Hence, total ten tables were formulated. The
percentile on top of the table was 100th percentile and 10 points were assigned to the subjects scoring between 90th
– 100th percentiles.

4. Conclusions
In India, the institutional pattern, student behavior, food habits, lifestyle etc together contribute in deciding the
physical fitness standard of university boys. Motor fitness standard existing in Indian students may differ from the
existing standards due to change in geographic location (Barrow & McGee, 1979) to a very large extent, hence
ng
norms developed and followed within different geographic location would not support in making inferences on the
Indian population. Considering these issues, the construction of motor physical fitness test for university boys of
Delhi NCR, India with Indian standards and the setting up of norms in grading the motor fitness level at university
will help in making valid judgments regarding the motor fitness level of the students at university and could create
a sound foundation towards effective evaluation system of youth who at present constitute a major percentage of
owards
the total population in India.

28

288X
Vol 3, No 11, 2012

References
Barrow, H., & McGee. (1979). A practical approach to measurement in physical education . London: Henry
Kimpton.
Bucher, C., & Wuest, D. (1987). Foundation of physical education and sport, (vol. 10th). St.Louis: Mosby
College Publishing.
Clarke, H. Harrison. (1976). Application of measurement of physical education and sport ( th ed). St. Louis:
(10
Mosby College Publishing.
Davis. (2000). Physical Education and the Study of Sport UK: Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
Sport.

Johnson, B. L., & Nelson, J. K. (1974). Practical measurements for evaluation in physical education. Minnesota:
Burgess publishing company.
Lamb. (1984). Physiology of Exercise: Responses & Adaptations (2da. ed., pp. 1-9). New York: Macmillan
xercise: 9).
Publishing Company.

First Author Prof. Kalpana Sharma, Director, born at Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh India on 15th January 1965. She
completed her post graduation in physical education in the year 1987 and PhD in the year 1995 in Physical
education
Education (Exercise Physiology) from the pioneer institution in south east Asia, Lakshmibai National College of
south-east
Physical Education, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. Has always been a front runner be it academics or sports. To
be
her credit she has 5 international publications, 12 national publications besides participating in national &
international seminars and conferences. She has a authored a book and has 2 chapters in other books. She is life
member of various associations in physical education & sports medicine. She has over 20 years of experience in
er
the field of Physical Education & Sports in teaching, training & research. She is presently Director at Amity
School of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, NOIDA, India.
Sciences,

Second Author Dr. Ajit, awarded junior research fellowship from University of Delhi, India & awarded PhD in
2012 for a study on public perception of Commonwealth Games 2010 held at New Delhi. Associat with
Games-2010 Associated
professional soccer club in Delhi for grass root youth development program and coaching university soccer team.
At present working as assistant professor, involved in teaching sports psychology and measurement evaluation for
masters program at Amity School of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh,
y
India besides promoting research in physical education and sports sciences through presenting and sharing the
findings, concepts and ideas conceived through scientific testing and investigations at various national and
testing
international conferences.

29

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