This document discusses the differences between monolithic and microservice architectures. In a monolithic architecture, all components of an application are interconnected and maintained within a single codebase, which can be inefficient to manage and scale as the codebase grows. Microservices address these issues by decomposing an application into smaller, independent services that communicate through APIs. This improves fault isolation, allows individual services to be developed and scaled independently, and makes it easier to adopt new technologies.