This document provides information about an International Trade Procedures and Documentation course taught at IILM Graduate School of Management in Greater Noida, India. The course is designed to give students a clear understanding of international trade frameworks, export and import documentation procedures, export shipment processes, export financing, and incentives. Over 24 sessions, the course will cover topics such as institutional frameworks, documentation, strategies, payment methods, financing, incentives, and shipping. Upon completing the course, students will be able to understand issues related to globalization and apply skills related to export management and documentation.
E:\Notes Of M Com 2\Converted Pdf Notes\International Businessguesta42743
This document provides an overview of international business. It defines international business as commercial transactions between two countries. It discusses why companies engage in international business, including expanding sales, acquiring resources, diversifying sources of sales/supplies, and minimizing competitive risk. Recent growth in international business is due to expansion of technology, liberalization of trade barriers, development of supporting services, and increased global competition. There are various modes of international business, including merchandise exports/imports, service exports/imports, foreign direct investment, and portfolio investment.
The document outlines 5 stages of internationalization:
1. Domestic operations focus solely within the home country.
2. Export operations expand the market internationally but production remains domestic.
3. Subsidiaries or joint ventures physically move some operations abroad through cost and profit sharing partnerships.
4. Multinational operations establish assembly facilities across several world regions with some decentralized decision making.
5. Transnational operations achieve both global efficiency and local responsiveness using worldwide markets and resources.
The document discusses the benefits and types of international business. It notes that international business allows for the flow of ideas, services, capital, and provides new choices and opportunities for mergers and acquisitions. It also discusses the risks companies face engaging in international business, such as political and economic instability in developing countries. Governments can encourage international business by allowing foreign direct investment and bringing expertise to particular sectors.
The document discusses four approaches to international business: ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric. The ethnocentric approach relies on exporting domestic products overseas without adaptation. The polycentric approach treats each foreign market uniquely and establishes local subsidiaries. The regiocentric approach views regions as unified markets and implements strategies at a regional level. Finally, the geocentric approach views the entire world as a single market and uses standardized global marketing strategies.
The document provides an overview of international business management. It defines international business as commercial transactions that cross national borders and involve two or more countries. It discusses the nature of international business, including involvement of multiple countries and currencies. The objectives of international business are outlined as integrating economies, offering new markets, and facilitating the exchange of ideas, services, and capital globally. The document also examines factors like political systems, economic environments, socio-cultural differences, and the natural/technological landscape that comprise the international business environment.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international business including definitions of globalization and globalism, factors of the global business environment, the mechanics of international trade transactions, the role of technology, cultural considerations, trade finance, logistics, relevant policies and regulations, and how to develop an international business plan. It discusses topics such as global supply chains, trade in services, high and low context cultures, business ethics, and transportation modes. The document aims to equip readers with foundational knowledge for understanding and engaging in global commerce.
International Business Introduction, Nature and ScopeDheeraj Rajput
This document provides an overview of international business, including its nature, benefits, problems, and scope. It discusses various entry strategies for international business such as licensing, exporting, franchising, contract manufacturing, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and foreign direct investment. Examples are given for each entry strategy. The document aims to introduce the key concepts of international business.
This document provides an overview of a course on the political economy of international trade. It discusses various policy instruments governments use to restrict imports and promote exports, and why governments intervene in international trade. The course will cover tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, export restraints, antidumping policies, and arguments for and against government intervention in trade. It will also discuss implications for businesses and provide examples.
E:\Notes Of M Com 2\Converted Pdf Notes\International Businessguesta42743
This document provides an overview of international business. It defines international business as commercial transactions between two countries. It discusses why companies engage in international business, including expanding sales, acquiring resources, diversifying sources of sales/supplies, and minimizing competitive risk. Recent growth in international business is due to expansion of technology, liberalization of trade barriers, development of supporting services, and increased global competition. There are various modes of international business, including merchandise exports/imports, service exports/imports, foreign direct investment, and portfolio investment.
The document outlines 5 stages of internationalization:
1. Domestic operations focus solely within the home country.
2. Export operations expand the market internationally but production remains domestic.
3. Subsidiaries or joint ventures physically move some operations abroad through cost and profit sharing partnerships.
4. Multinational operations establish assembly facilities across several world regions with some decentralized decision making.
5. Transnational operations achieve both global efficiency and local responsiveness using worldwide markets and resources.
The document discusses the benefits and types of international business. It notes that international business allows for the flow of ideas, services, capital, and provides new choices and opportunities for mergers and acquisitions. It also discusses the risks companies face engaging in international business, such as political and economic instability in developing countries. Governments can encourage international business by allowing foreign direct investment and bringing expertise to particular sectors.
The document discusses four approaches to international business: ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, and geocentric. The ethnocentric approach relies on exporting domestic products overseas without adaptation. The polycentric approach treats each foreign market uniquely and establishes local subsidiaries. The regiocentric approach views regions as unified markets and implements strategies at a regional level. Finally, the geocentric approach views the entire world as a single market and uses standardized global marketing strategies.
The document provides an overview of international business management. It defines international business as commercial transactions that cross national borders and involve two or more countries. It discusses the nature of international business, including involvement of multiple countries and currencies. The objectives of international business are outlined as integrating economies, offering new markets, and facilitating the exchange of ideas, services, and capital globally. The document also examines factors like political systems, economic environments, socio-cultural differences, and the natural/technological landscape that comprise the international business environment.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international business including definitions of globalization and globalism, factors of the global business environment, the mechanics of international trade transactions, the role of technology, cultural considerations, trade finance, logistics, relevant policies and regulations, and how to develop an international business plan. It discusses topics such as global supply chains, trade in services, high and low context cultures, business ethics, and transportation modes. The document aims to equip readers with foundational knowledge for understanding and engaging in global commerce.
International Business Introduction, Nature and ScopeDheeraj Rajput
This document provides an overview of international business, including its nature, benefits, problems, and scope. It discusses various entry strategies for international business such as licensing, exporting, franchising, contract manufacturing, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and foreign direct investment. Examples are given for each entry strategy. The document aims to introduce the key concepts of international business.
This document provides an overview of a course on the political economy of international trade. It discusses various policy instruments governments use to restrict imports and promote exports, and why governments intervene in international trade. The course will cover tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, export restraints, antidumping policies, and arguments for and against government intervention in trade. It will also discuss implications for businesses and provide examples.
Stages of International Orientation - Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Geocentric a...Sundar B N
The document discusses international orientation and the EPRG framework for stages of international involvement. It begins with an introduction to international orientation and the EPRG model. It then explains the four stages of the EPRG model: ethnocentric orientation where companies export excess domestic production; polycentric orientation where companies establish foreign subsidiaries; regiocentric orientation where companies export to neighboring countries; and geocentric orientation where the world is viewed as a single market. The document concludes that international orientation requires producing different products to satisfy various country customers.
The document provides information on international business management. It discusses the evolution of international business from the first phase of globalization in 1870 to the present. It also outlines the characteristics of international business, including regional integration, declining trade barriers, and the growth of multinational corporations. Finally, it examines the stages of internationalization for businesses and the influences and approaches to international business.
This document provides an overview of the process of negotiating export documents under a letter of credit. It defines negotiation of documents as submitting relevant documents to the advising bank within 21 days of shipment to obtain payment for exported goods. Key documents that may be negotiated include the commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, and inspection certificate. The document outlines important steps in examining letters of credit for compliance, scrutinizing documents for errors, presenting documents to the negotiating bank, and the flow of documents and payments between banks after presentation.
1. Export management involves conducting export activities in an orderly, efficient, and profitable manner to increase exports and profits for exporters and satisfaction for importers.
2. Export management needs to be considered at both the national level for goals like earning foreign exchange and the business level for goals like higher profits.
3. Key aspects of export management for businesses include identifying export products and markets, conducting SWOT analyses, obtaining necessary licenses, managing costs, understanding foreign exchange rates, mitigating risks, and properly packing and labeling goods.
The document discusses four orientations - or levels of involvement - that firms can take when entering international business:
1. Ethnocentric orientation views foreign markets as an extension of the domestic market. Management and operations are controlled from the home country. This approach has minimal risk but also limited potential.
2. Polycentric orientation establishes independent foreign subsidiaries that adapt to local conditions. Each market is viewed as distinct. This increases commitment but allows for better adaptation.
3. Regiocentric orientation groups countries into regions and coordinates strategy at a regional level. This provides improved control while considering regional differences.
4. Geocentric orientation treats the entire world as a single market. A uniform global strategy is developed
This document defines and describes various types of entities involved in international trade from India. It explains that manufacturer exporters produce and export their own goods. Merchant exporters act as middlemen between Indian producers and foreign buyers. Export houses must be registered and hold an export certificate. Star trading houses and star export houses are recognized for high export performance. Other entities discussed include trading houses, canalizing agencies, state export corporations, export consortia, and government trading corporations.
Direct import refers to a major retailer purchasing products directly from an overseas manufacturer, bypassing local suppliers. This allows the retailer to potentially save on costs compared to indirect imports, where a local supplier acts as an intermediary between the overseas manufacturer and the retailer. The key stages of direct importing are locating a foreign manufacturer, procuring the goods from them, and ensuring all required import documentation is in order, such as bills of lading, invoices, bills of entry, import licenses, insurance certificates, purchase orders, and other documents required for import customs clearance depending on the good and any applicable duty benefits.
International investment and foreign direct investment play an important role in the global economy. There are different types of foreign investment such as foreign direct investment, portfolio investment, and investment in depository receipts. Foreign direct investment provides benefits like increased investment, technology transfer, and competition but it also faces criticism like undermining economic autonomy. Factors like natural resources, market size, production efficiency, interest rates, and government policies affect international investment flows. India moved from a restrictive policy on foreign investment pre-1991 to a more liberalized policy with automatic approval for foreign investment in many industries.
This document provides an overview of international business. It defines international business as transactions involving the selling of items produced in other countries. The benefits for businesses engaging in international trade include access to larger markets, cheaper labor costs, and access to more resources. The document also discusses some of the costs of international trade like outsourcing and potential human rights and environmental issues. It outlines various barriers to international trade such as tariffs and currency fluctuations. Finally, it looks at Canada's major trading partners and various trade agreements that can help reduce barriers between countries.
This document discusses international strategic management. It begins by defining strategy and strategic management, which involves analyzing internal capabilities and external environments to meet organizational objectives. It then outlines the framework for international strategic management, including external/internal analysis, strategic choice, leveraging competitive advantages, and implementing strategic plans. Companies face strategic compulsions to go global to gain market share. Areas driving this include globalization, e-commerce, competition, and corporate social responsibility. The document also discusses standardization versus differentiation, strategic options, global portfolio management, global entry strategies, organizational issues, and controlling international business.
The document discusses various topics related to international business including:
- The key aspects of international business such as trade across borders and enterprises expanding activities globally.
- The differences between domestic and international business including currencies, geographical conditions, legal systems, and political barriers.
- The importance of international business for expansion, managing product lifecycles, accessing new opportunities and technologies, utilizing resources efficiently, and earning foreign exchange.
- Trends in international business like regional trade agreements, developing country trade, air cargo, global production networks, intra-firm trade, and e-commerce.
- Theories of international trade such as mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage.
This document discusses different modes that companies can use to enter international business, including exporting, licensing, franchising, foreign direct investment, and strategic alliances. It describes the key features and differences between indirect exporting, direct exporting, intra-corporate transfers, licensing, franchising, contract manufacturing, management contracts, turnkey projects, greenfield investment, mergers and acquisitions, and joint ventures. It also provides the advantages and disadvantages of each entry mode.
Global pricing is a critical issue for international firms that can impact revenue. It is important because price generates revenue while other marketing strategies involve costs, and global pricing maintains a consistent brand image. Factors that influence international pricing include costs, competition, product differentiation, exchange rates, the economic conditions of importing countries, and government policies.
Lecture 2 - Tariff and Non-tariff Barriers to International TradeShai Nomani Chishty
This document discusses tariff and non-tariff barriers to international trade. It defines trade barriers as taxes or regulations imposed on goods crossing national borders that increase import and export costs. It outlines different types of tariff barriers like ad valorem duties and specific duties. Non-tariff barriers include quotas and regulations. The document also discusses dumping, calculating effective protection rates, and provides examples of import duties and taxes in Bangladesh.
International Business – Meaning, Definition, History, Scope and Features Sundar B N
International business involves commercial transactions between two parties located in different countries. It includes importing and exporting goods and services, as well as foreign direct investment through vehicles like licensing and franchising agreements. While international business opens opportunities for increased trade and specialization, it also introduces higher risks related to foreign exchange rates, legal compliance in multiple jurisdictions, and longer timeframes. Proper analysis of political, economic, cultural and legal factors is needed before a company establishes foreign operations.
This document discusses international business and strategy. It defines key terms like multinational enterprises, exports, imports, and foreign direct investment. It also outlines major trading blocs like NAFTA and organizations like the WTO and OECD. Finally, it discusses strategies for multinational enterprises, including developing regional strategies tailored to local markets and forming strategic alliances.
This document discusses various strategies for entering global markets. It begins by defining a global entry strategy and identifying key considerations such as target markets, goals, and entry modes. It then covers major issues in global entry like political risks. Different rules for selecting entry modes are presented, including naive, pragmatic, and strategic rules. Benefits of going global such as new revenue streams and talent pools are outlined. Finally, factors affecting entry mode selection, examples of modes like exporting, and their advantages/disadvantages are summarized.
The document outlines the 5 main stages of the export procedure in India:
1. Registration which involves registering the business and obtaining necessary licenses and certifications.
2. Pre-shipment procedures such as finding buyers, obtaining orders, and arranging financing and production.
3. Shipment which includes booking cargo space, transporting goods to ports, and completing customs clearance.
4. Realizing export incentives provided by the Indian government such as duty exemptions and financing.
5. Post-shipment including submitting shipping documents, negotiating payments, and processing forms.
Inline image 1
WORLD TRADE SERVICES
Advisory & Consultancy for Export & Import Incentives
WTS….is Emerging Export Import Consultancy Firm Promoted by Experienced & Expert Foreign Trade Consultant and Advocate.
WTS offer a prompt and hassle free Import Export Consultancy work like Import Export Documentation, Custom Clearance, Fema Cases, Freight Forwarding and DGFT Applications i.e. IEC/VKUY/ FMS/FPS/MIES/EPCG/DFIA /EXPORT HOUSE/100% EOU/SEZ/ APPROVAL/NORMS FIXATION and APEAL CASES.
WTS handle all comprehensive paper work with ATMOST CARE and provide Excellent/ valuable Services on Export Import Matters to our valued clients. We strive hard to ensure prompt execution of all necessary documents and formalities as per current EXIM POLICY. Through proper and professional approach we save our clients TIME and MONEY and Control Hidden Cost/Overhead Expenses.
We have Design SMS/Email System to update clients of their day to day paper works and DGFT Applications status.
Our Result Oriented Excellent EXIM Consultancy Services lead us a Emerging Export Import Consultancy Firm in India.
WTS is active Player in DUTY FREE IMPORT LICENCE Sale/Purchase having tie-up with leading Exporters - Importers for Buying and Selling DEPB/VKUY/FMS/FPS&DFIA Licences at Best Competitive Market Premium.
Inline image 3
OUR SERVICES
IEC – Import Export Code
RCMC - REGISTRATION & EXPORT COMPANY SET-UP
VKGUY License – Vishesh Krishi and Gram Upaj Yojana
FMS License - Focus Market Scheme
FPS License – Focus Product Scheme
MLFPS Licence - Market Linked Focus Products Scheme
MEIS Licence - Merchandise Export from India Scheme
EPCG License – Export Promotion Capital Goods
DFIA License – Duty Free Authorisation
ADVANCE AUTHORISATION SCHEME
EXPORT HOUSE CERTIFICATE
OTHER SERVICES
- AGRI. INFRASTRUCTURE INCENTIVE SCRIP.
- SEZ APPROVAL.
- ISO 9000/ISO 14000.
- D.S.C.: E-TOKEN INSTALLATION AND RENEWAL.
- CUSTOM CLEARANCE.
- FREIGHT FORWARDING & CHARTERING.
- IMPORT SOURCING.
- JOINT VENTURE.
This document provides information about an export-import vocational training institute. The institute offers a 15-session export-import course taught over 8 weeks. Topics covered include international trade basics, international marketing, export order processing, import procedures, insurance, and more. The course is taught through multimedia presentations and practical videos. It is designed for graduates, existing exporters, and business owners looking to enter international markets. The fee is Rs. 12,000 with payment plans available. The institute is located in Jamnagar, Gujarat and provides study materials, books, and stationery with course registration.
Introduction to Imports and Exports: Meaning and Definition of Imports and Export – Classification – Strategy
and Preparation for Export Marketing – Export Marketing Organizations – Registration Formalities – IEC – RCMC
– Export Licensing – Selection of Export Product – Identification of Markets – Methods of Exporting – Pricing
Quotations – Payment Terms – Letter of Credit - Liberalization of Imports – Negative List for Imports – Categories
of Importers – Special Schemes for Importers. (7+2)
2. Management of Import and Exports: Basic Concept of Import and Exports - Understanding an Export
Transaction - Direct Quotation Method - Spot & Forward rates and booking of Forward contract for exports –
Understanding NOSTRO, VOSTRO and LORO - Payment terms - contents and types of Letter of credit - Uniform
Customs Procedures for Documentary Credits (UCPDC) - Excise clearance - Customs house agents - Marine
insurance. (7+2)
3. Import Export Documentation: Aligned Documentation System – Commercial Invoice – Shipping Bill –
Certificate of Origin – Consular Invoice – Mate’s Receipt – Bill of Lading – GR Form – ISO 9000 – Procedure for
obtaining ISO 9000 – BIS 14000 Certification – Types of Marine Insurance Policies - Import Documents – Transport
Documents – Bill to Entry – Certificate of Inspection – Certificate of Measurements – Freight Declaration - Principal,
Auxiliary & Regulatory set of documents. (7+2)
4. Import Export Procedures: Steps in Export Procedure – Export Contract – Forward Cover – Export Finance –
Institutional framework for Export Finance – Excise Clearance – Pre-shipment Inspection – Methods of Preshipment
Inspection – Marine Insurance – Role of Clearing and Forwarding Agents – Shipping and Customs
Formalities – Customs EDI System – Negotiation of Documents – Realisation of Exports Proceeds - Pre-Import
Procedure – Steps in Import Procedure – Legal Dimensions of Import Procedure – Customs Formalities for Imports
– Warehousing of Imported goods – Exchange Control Provisions for Imports – Retirement of Export Documents.
(7+2)
5. Policy Framework for Imports and Exports: Foreign Trade Policy – Highlights – Special Focus Initiatives – Duty
Drawback – Deemed Exports – ASIDE – MAI & MDA – Star Export Houses – Town of Export Excellence – EPCG
Scheme – Incentives for Exporters. Export Promotion Councils-Commodity Boards – FIEO – IIFT – EOUs – SEZs –
ITPO – ECGC – EXIM Bank.
Stages of International Orientation - Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Geocentric a...Sundar B N
The document discusses international orientation and the EPRG framework for stages of international involvement. It begins with an introduction to international orientation and the EPRG model. It then explains the four stages of the EPRG model: ethnocentric orientation where companies export excess domestic production; polycentric orientation where companies establish foreign subsidiaries; regiocentric orientation where companies export to neighboring countries; and geocentric orientation where the world is viewed as a single market. The document concludes that international orientation requires producing different products to satisfy various country customers.
The document provides information on international business management. It discusses the evolution of international business from the first phase of globalization in 1870 to the present. It also outlines the characteristics of international business, including regional integration, declining trade barriers, and the growth of multinational corporations. Finally, it examines the stages of internationalization for businesses and the influences and approaches to international business.
This document provides an overview of the process of negotiating export documents under a letter of credit. It defines negotiation of documents as submitting relevant documents to the advising bank within 21 days of shipment to obtain payment for exported goods. Key documents that may be negotiated include the commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, and inspection certificate. The document outlines important steps in examining letters of credit for compliance, scrutinizing documents for errors, presenting documents to the negotiating bank, and the flow of documents and payments between banks after presentation.
1. Export management involves conducting export activities in an orderly, efficient, and profitable manner to increase exports and profits for exporters and satisfaction for importers.
2. Export management needs to be considered at both the national level for goals like earning foreign exchange and the business level for goals like higher profits.
3. Key aspects of export management for businesses include identifying export products and markets, conducting SWOT analyses, obtaining necessary licenses, managing costs, understanding foreign exchange rates, mitigating risks, and properly packing and labeling goods.
The document discusses four orientations - or levels of involvement - that firms can take when entering international business:
1. Ethnocentric orientation views foreign markets as an extension of the domestic market. Management and operations are controlled from the home country. This approach has minimal risk but also limited potential.
2. Polycentric orientation establishes independent foreign subsidiaries that adapt to local conditions. Each market is viewed as distinct. This increases commitment but allows for better adaptation.
3. Regiocentric orientation groups countries into regions and coordinates strategy at a regional level. This provides improved control while considering regional differences.
4. Geocentric orientation treats the entire world as a single market. A uniform global strategy is developed
This document defines and describes various types of entities involved in international trade from India. It explains that manufacturer exporters produce and export their own goods. Merchant exporters act as middlemen between Indian producers and foreign buyers. Export houses must be registered and hold an export certificate. Star trading houses and star export houses are recognized for high export performance. Other entities discussed include trading houses, canalizing agencies, state export corporations, export consortia, and government trading corporations.
Direct import refers to a major retailer purchasing products directly from an overseas manufacturer, bypassing local suppliers. This allows the retailer to potentially save on costs compared to indirect imports, where a local supplier acts as an intermediary between the overseas manufacturer and the retailer. The key stages of direct importing are locating a foreign manufacturer, procuring the goods from them, and ensuring all required import documentation is in order, such as bills of lading, invoices, bills of entry, import licenses, insurance certificates, purchase orders, and other documents required for import customs clearance depending on the good and any applicable duty benefits.
International investment and foreign direct investment play an important role in the global economy. There are different types of foreign investment such as foreign direct investment, portfolio investment, and investment in depository receipts. Foreign direct investment provides benefits like increased investment, technology transfer, and competition but it also faces criticism like undermining economic autonomy. Factors like natural resources, market size, production efficiency, interest rates, and government policies affect international investment flows. India moved from a restrictive policy on foreign investment pre-1991 to a more liberalized policy with automatic approval for foreign investment in many industries.
This document provides an overview of international business. It defines international business as transactions involving the selling of items produced in other countries. The benefits for businesses engaging in international trade include access to larger markets, cheaper labor costs, and access to more resources. The document also discusses some of the costs of international trade like outsourcing and potential human rights and environmental issues. It outlines various barriers to international trade such as tariffs and currency fluctuations. Finally, it looks at Canada's major trading partners and various trade agreements that can help reduce barriers between countries.
This document discusses international strategic management. It begins by defining strategy and strategic management, which involves analyzing internal capabilities and external environments to meet organizational objectives. It then outlines the framework for international strategic management, including external/internal analysis, strategic choice, leveraging competitive advantages, and implementing strategic plans. Companies face strategic compulsions to go global to gain market share. Areas driving this include globalization, e-commerce, competition, and corporate social responsibility. The document also discusses standardization versus differentiation, strategic options, global portfolio management, global entry strategies, organizational issues, and controlling international business.
The document discusses various topics related to international business including:
- The key aspects of international business such as trade across borders and enterprises expanding activities globally.
- The differences between domestic and international business including currencies, geographical conditions, legal systems, and political barriers.
- The importance of international business for expansion, managing product lifecycles, accessing new opportunities and technologies, utilizing resources efficiently, and earning foreign exchange.
- Trends in international business like regional trade agreements, developing country trade, air cargo, global production networks, intra-firm trade, and e-commerce.
- Theories of international trade such as mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage.
This document discusses different modes that companies can use to enter international business, including exporting, licensing, franchising, foreign direct investment, and strategic alliances. It describes the key features and differences between indirect exporting, direct exporting, intra-corporate transfers, licensing, franchising, contract manufacturing, management contracts, turnkey projects, greenfield investment, mergers and acquisitions, and joint ventures. It also provides the advantages and disadvantages of each entry mode.
Global pricing is a critical issue for international firms that can impact revenue. It is important because price generates revenue while other marketing strategies involve costs, and global pricing maintains a consistent brand image. Factors that influence international pricing include costs, competition, product differentiation, exchange rates, the economic conditions of importing countries, and government policies.
Lecture 2 - Tariff and Non-tariff Barriers to International TradeShai Nomani Chishty
This document discusses tariff and non-tariff barriers to international trade. It defines trade barriers as taxes or regulations imposed on goods crossing national borders that increase import and export costs. It outlines different types of tariff barriers like ad valorem duties and specific duties. Non-tariff barriers include quotas and regulations. The document also discusses dumping, calculating effective protection rates, and provides examples of import duties and taxes in Bangladesh.
International Business – Meaning, Definition, History, Scope and Features Sundar B N
International business involves commercial transactions between two parties located in different countries. It includes importing and exporting goods and services, as well as foreign direct investment through vehicles like licensing and franchising agreements. While international business opens opportunities for increased trade and specialization, it also introduces higher risks related to foreign exchange rates, legal compliance in multiple jurisdictions, and longer timeframes. Proper analysis of political, economic, cultural and legal factors is needed before a company establishes foreign operations.
This document discusses international business and strategy. It defines key terms like multinational enterprises, exports, imports, and foreign direct investment. It also outlines major trading blocs like NAFTA and organizations like the WTO and OECD. Finally, it discusses strategies for multinational enterprises, including developing regional strategies tailored to local markets and forming strategic alliances.
This document discusses various strategies for entering global markets. It begins by defining a global entry strategy and identifying key considerations such as target markets, goals, and entry modes. It then covers major issues in global entry like political risks. Different rules for selecting entry modes are presented, including naive, pragmatic, and strategic rules. Benefits of going global such as new revenue streams and talent pools are outlined. Finally, factors affecting entry mode selection, examples of modes like exporting, and their advantages/disadvantages are summarized.
The document outlines the 5 main stages of the export procedure in India:
1. Registration which involves registering the business and obtaining necessary licenses and certifications.
2. Pre-shipment procedures such as finding buyers, obtaining orders, and arranging financing and production.
3. Shipment which includes booking cargo space, transporting goods to ports, and completing customs clearance.
4. Realizing export incentives provided by the Indian government such as duty exemptions and financing.
5. Post-shipment including submitting shipping documents, negotiating payments, and processing forms.
Inline image 1
WORLD TRADE SERVICES
Advisory & Consultancy for Export & Import Incentives
WTS….is Emerging Export Import Consultancy Firm Promoted by Experienced & Expert Foreign Trade Consultant and Advocate.
WTS offer a prompt and hassle free Import Export Consultancy work like Import Export Documentation, Custom Clearance, Fema Cases, Freight Forwarding and DGFT Applications i.e. IEC/VKUY/ FMS/FPS/MIES/EPCG/DFIA /EXPORT HOUSE/100% EOU/SEZ/ APPROVAL/NORMS FIXATION and APEAL CASES.
WTS handle all comprehensive paper work with ATMOST CARE and provide Excellent/ valuable Services on Export Import Matters to our valued clients. We strive hard to ensure prompt execution of all necessary documents and formalities as per current EXIM POLICY. Through proper and professional approach we save our clients TIME and MONEY and Control Hidden Cost/Overhead Expenses.
We have Design SMS/Email System to update clients of their day to day paper works and DGFT Applications status.
Our Result Oriented Excellent EXIM Consultancy Services lead us a Emerging Export Import Consultancy Firm in India.
WTS is active Player in DUTY FREE IMPORT LICENCE Sale/Purchase having tie-up with leading Exporters - Importers for Buying and Selling DEPB/VKUY/FMS/FPS&DFIA Licences at Best Competitive Market Premium.
Inline image 3
OUR SERVICES
IEC – Import Export Code
RCMC - REGISTRATION & EXPORT COMPANY SET-UP
VKGUY License – Vishesh Krishi and Gram Upaj Yojana
FMS License - Focus Market Scheme
FPS License – Focus Product Scheme
MLFPS Licence - Market Linked Focus Products Scheme
MEIS Licence - Merchandise Export from India Scheme
EPCG License – Export Promotion Capital Goods
DFIA License – Duty Free Authorisation
ADVANCE AUTHORISATION SCHEME
EXPORT HOUSE CERTIFICATE
OTHER SERVICES
- AGRI. INFRASTRUCTURE INCENTIVE SCRIP.
- SEZ APPROVAL.
- ISO 9000/ISO 14000.
- D.S.C.: E-TOKEN INSTALLATION AND RENEWAL.
- CUSTOM CLEARANCE.
- FREIGHT FORWARDING & CHARTERING.
- IMPORT SOURCING.
- JOINT VENTURE.
This document provides information about an export-import vocational training institute. The institute offers a 15-session export-import course taught over 8 weeks. Topics covered include international trade basics, international marketing, export order processing, import procedures, insurance, and more. The course is taught through multimedia presentations and practical videos. It is designed for graduates, existing exporters, and business owners looking to enter international markets. The fee is Rs. 12,000 with payment plans available. The institute is located in Jamnagar, Gujarat and provides study materials, books, and stationery with course registration.
Introduction to Imports and Exports: Meaning and Definition of Imports and Export – Classification – Strategy
and Preparation for Export Marketing – Export Marketing Organizations – Registration Formalities – IEC – RCMC
– Export Licensing – Selection of Export Product – Identification of Markets – Methods of Exporting – Pricing
Quotations – Payment Terms – Letter of Credit - Liberalization of Imports – Negative List for Imports – Categories
of Importers – Special Schemes for Importers. (7+2)
2. Management of Import and Exports: Basic Concept of Import and Exports - Understanding an Export
Transaction - Direct Quotation Method - Spot & Forward rates and booking of Forward contract for exports –
Understanding NOSTRO, VOSTRO and LORO - Payment terms - contents and types of Letter of credit - Uniform
Customs Procedures for Documentary Credits (UCPDC) - Excise clearance - Customs house agents - Marine
insurance. (7+2)
3. Import Export Documentation: Aligned Documentation System – Commercial Invoice – Shipping Bill –
Certificate of Origin – Consular Invoice – Mate’s Receipt – Bill of Lading – GR Form – ISO 9000 – Procedure for
obtaining ISO 9000 – BIS 14000 Certification – Types of Marine Insurance Policies - Import Documents – Transport
Documents – Bill to Entry – Certificate of Inspection – Certificate of Measurements – Freight Declaration - Principal,
Auxiliary & Regulatory set of documents. (7+2)
4. Import Export Procedures: Steps in Export Procedure – Export Contract – Forward Cover – Export Finance –
Institutional framework for Export Finance – Excise Clearance – Pre-shipment Inspection – Methods of Preshipment
Inspection – Marine Insurance – Role of Clearing and Forwarding Agents – Shipping and Customs
Formalities – Customs EDI System – Negotiation of Documents – Realisation of Exports Proceeds - Pre-Import
Procedure – Steps in Import Procedure – Legal Dimensions of Import Procedure – Customs Formalities for Imports
– Warehousing of Imported goods – Exchange Control Provisions for Imports – Retirement of Export Documents.
(7+2)
5. Policy Framework for Imports and Exports: Foreign Trade Policy – Highlights – Special Focus Initiatives – Duty
Drawback – Deemed Exports – ASIDE – MAI & MDA – Star Export Houses – Town of Export Excellence – EPCG
Scheme – Incentives for Exporters. Export Promotion Councils-Commodity Boards – FIEO – IIFT – EOUs – SEZs –
ITPO – ECGC – EXIM Bank.
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International trade procedures and documentation
1. IILM Graduate School of Management, Greater Noida.
Course Manual : International Trade Procedures and Documentation
Academic Year : PGDM(IB) 2011-2013
Dr. Himanshu Mohan : himanshu.mohan@iilmgsm.ac.in
2. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE
During the last few decades world trade has grown phenomenally in terms of volume as
well as value. After liberalization their has been a gradual increase in the classification and
direction of exports and imports. Superior commodities, services at competitive prices has
opened the doors of world markets for goods and services. The spurt in world trade has
evoked interest to many to learn about different dimensions of international trade.
This course has been designed to enable the students to have a clear understanding of
framework of Export Import Trade , various documents related to procedures in exporting
and importing ,export shipment procedures, export finance and export incentives. In a
nutshell the course will prepare the students for exporting and importing.
Following are the key elements of this course
1. Foreign Trade – Institutional Framework and Basics
2. Export Import Documentation
3. Export Shipment Procedure
4. Methods and Instruments of Payment
and Pricing Inco terms
5. Methods of Financing Exporters
6. Export Incentives
7. Shipping and Containerization
On successful completion of this course you will be able to:
-- Understand the various issues related to globalization and their importance to make
an organization successful.
--Understand the steps, procedures and formalities in export business and its
applications.
-- Be able to develop exporting skills
3. -- Analyze and solve cases in globalization and export management.
INTRODUCTION TO THE TUTOR
Dr Himanshu Mohan : He is a B.Tech, MBA & PhD. He has seventeen years of
teaching , and corporate experience wherein he has offered courses in International
Business and Marketing areas namely Export Import Documentation, International
Marketing, International Sales Management, International Business Management,
Marketing Management, Logistics Management, Global Services & Outsourcing. His
research interest is in the area of Sales Management and Green Marketing. He has also
handled training programmes in the area of Sales Management and Customer Services.
Has been associated with various academic institutions like IILM GSM, Greater Noida ,
IILM Lucknow ,IMS Dehradun, Jaipuria Institute of Management, Ghaziabad in various
capacities as Program Director, Deputy Director and Director . In the Corporates he has
worked with LG Electronics and Hindustan Lever Ltd(Industrial Division) for around six
years handling engineering, marketing, applications functions and business operations
for Uttar Pradesh and some other parts of North India.
BOOKS AND REFERENCES:
Main Text Book
1) Export and Import Management by Justin Paul and R. Aserkar, Oxford Press
Reference Readings
1) International Business - Competing in the Global Market place by Charles
Hill and Arun Jain, Tata McGraw Hill
2) Export and Import Management by Aseem Kumar, Excel Publications,
3) International Trade and Export and Management by Francis Cherunilam,
Himalaya Publishing .
4) International Marketing and Export Management by Gerald Albaum, Edwin
Duerr and Jesper Strandskov, Pearson
Journals:
5. Session Plan – Lectures
S.No TOPICS LECTURE TOTAL
. S
1 Foreign Trade – Institutional Framework and Basics 3 3
2 Export Import Documentation 6 6
3 Export Import Strategies 3 3
4 Methods and Instruments of Payment and Pricing Inco 3 3
Terms
5 Methods of Financing Exporters 2 2
6 Export Incentives 3 3
7 Shipping and Containerization 4 4
TOTAL 24 24
Weekly Plan
Weeks Topic Covered Sessions
1-3 1, 2 1- 9
4-5 3,4 10-15
6-9 5,6,7 16-24
6. Detailed Session Plan – International Trade Procedures and Documentation
Topic 1 : Foreign Trade – Institutional Framework and Basics
Sessions 1-3 : In these sessions there will be discussions about the role and
impact of various Global and Indian Institutions reqd. for foreign trade.
Pre-Reading
CH 1, Export Import Management by Paul and Aserkar
Question for discussion in class
“Effect of Govt. Bodies on export Scenario.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the session, the student should be able
to identify the role of Govt, Semi-Govt and Private Institutions and .
organizations in promoting exports
Topic 2 : Export Import Documentation
Sessions 4-9 : In this sessions initially there will be discussions on the
various steps in an export process sequentially. Further their will be detailed
discussions on the registration process with various bodies , commercial documents
required for exporting, regulatory documents required for exporting and importing
various commodities and services.
Pre-Reading :
CH 2 and 5, Export Import Management by Paul and Aserkar
Questions for discussion in class :
“ How to become an export oriented entrepreneur?”
“Is IEC No a must for everyone who wants to be in export business ? Or
there are exceptions also.”
“Different Invoices , Different Importing Countries, Discuss.”
Case discussions :
Caselet : Steering the Indian Seafood Industry Ahead
Case: A global manufacturing hub in the making.
Caselet: Kelkar and Alpha Tyres
7. Learning Outcomes: At the end of the sessions, the students should be
able to understand the step by step procedures of exporting business. The students
would be knowing the registration requirements to obtain an IEC number to be entitled
for export business. They will also be able to make and use proper and accurate
commercial and regulatory documents and their applications required for export and
import business.
Topic 3 : Export Import Strategies
Sessions 10-12 : In these sessions the students will be understanding the
business plans and various export-import strategies adopted by organizations.
Pre-Reading
CH 4 , Export Import Management by Paul and Aserkar
Question for discussion in class :
“Export Strategies for Dairy products in India”.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of these sessions, the students would be able to formulate successful
export strategy to achieve global competitiveness.
Topic 4 : Methods and Instruments of Payment and Pricing Incoterms
Sessions 13-15 : In these sessions the students will be understanding the
various methods and aspects of Instruments of Payments . Also they will understand
the various International Contract Terms used.
Pre-Reading
CH 3 , Export Import Management by Paul and Aserkar
Case discussions :
Caselet :
“Pricing EXIM Incoterms”.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of these sessions, the students would be able to formulate various types of
Letters of Credit and other Instruments of Payments and apply the various
International Contract Terms in export usage.
8. Topic 5 : Methods of Financing Exporters
Sessions 16-17 : In these sessions the students will be understanding the
Basics of Export Financing and develop a deep knowledge about pre-shipment and
post–shipment finance patterns.
Pre-Reading
CH 6 , Export Import Management by Paul and Aserkar
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of these sessions, the students would be able to know the ways to arrange
finance pre and post shipment for the various export obligations.
Topic 6 : Export Incentives
Sessions 18-20 : In these sessions the students will be knowing about the various
export incentive schemes given by the Govt of India and its allied bodies for various
export obligations.
Pre-Reading
CH 15 , Export Import Management by Paul and Aserkar
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of these sessions, the students would be able to know the ways to benefit
from the various export incentive schemes while exporting various commodities and
services to different countries.
Topic 7 : Shipping and Containerization
Sessions 21-24 : In these sessions the students will be understanding the various
characteristics of shipping industry and the role of intermediaries involved in logistics
and shipping industry. The students will also be learning about the various concepts in
containerization.
Pre-Reading
9. CH 10,11,12 , Export Import Management by Paul and Aserkar
Case discussions :
Caselet : Shipping Conference VS Shippers Council
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of these sessions, the students would be able to know the structure and
benefits accruing from shipping industry. They will also be learning about the various
types of containers and their usage and advantages.
10.
11. ASSESSMENT PLAN
Assessment Method Weight age ( %)
1. Class Test 20
2. Project /Viva Voce 20
2. End Term Examination 60
TOTAL 100
DETAILS OF ASSESSMENT
COMPONENT 1: CLASS TEST (20%)
A Class Test of 1 Hour comprising of a Caselet and applicatory questions to test the
understanding and application based knowledge of the student.
COMPONENT 2 : PROJECT /VIVA VOCE (20%)
FORMAT FOR SUBMISSION OF PROJECT
Project components must be submitted according to the deadline specified in the table
below, or by the instructor at the beginning of the module. The documents must be
submitted to the instructor before 4 pm on the day of submission. Failure to submit without
good cause (illness supported by a medical certificate or similar) will result in a zero mark.
Submissions are to be made in hard copy or soft copy - as instructed by the faculty.
When submitting coursework in hard-copy, you must include a cover page which specifies:
• The component name
• Your name / group member names
• Student ID number (s)
• Your section
• The Module title
• The name of the module instructor
When sending documents on e-mail, you must ensure the following:
• Subject Line to read "component name_your name_your section"
• Body of the email specifying the enclosed attachments and your details (name (s),
student
ID number (s), section)
COMPONENT 3 : END TERM EXAM (60%)
A three-hour, closed book end term examination will be held at the conclusion of the
course. The examination will test students' theoretical understanding through questions
and their ability to apply various concepts to business problems, through case-lets.
Feedback on students' performance in the exam will be provided when answer scripts are shown to
students after a month of the exam.
12. Assessment Map
This table shows main assessment methods which are used across module and its
stages:
Methods of Assessment
Module A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
* * * *
Notes:
A1: Individual test/ Assignment
A2: Group Assignment/ Project
A3: Open Book Examination
A4: Close Book Examination
A5: Group Presentation
Teaching Map
This table shows main delivery methods which are used across module and its stages:
Methods of Delivery
Module T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
* * * *
Notes:
T1: Lectures
T2: Seminar/ Tutorials
T3: Live Projects & Presentations
T4: Case Discussion
T5: Guest Lectures/ Industrial Visits
T6: Lab Session
Curriculum Map
This table shows the main learning outcomes which are developed and/or assessed in
this module:
Methods of Delivery
Module L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9
* * * * * * * *
Notes:
L1: An understanding of organizations, their external context and their management.
L2: An awareness of current issues in business & management which is informed by
13. research & practice in the field.
L3: An understanding of appropriate techniques sufficient to allow investigation into
relevant business & management issues.
L4: The ability to acquire & analyze data and information.
L5: The ability to apply relevant knowledge to practical situation.
L6: The ability to work & lead effectively in a team based environment.
L7: An improvement in both oral & written communication skills.
L8: Be cognizant of the impact of their individual & corporate actions on society and
recognize ethical business practices.
L9: Be sensitive to the social economic and environmental responsibilities of business.