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INTERFACE NEURONALE 
DIRECTE 
-Brain computing interface 
Presented by: 
P.Anisha 
M.Rajeshwari 
INFORMATION 
TECHNOLOGY
Overview: 
• Introduction 
• History 
• BCI technologies 
• Component 
• Working 
• How information is transmitted 
• Applications 
• Advantages 
• Disadvantages 
• Future scope 
• Conclusion
Introduction 
• Interface Neuronale Directe is also called as 
brain computer interface(BCI) 
• It is a mind-to-movement system that allows a 
quadriplegic man to control a computer using his 
Thoughts. 
• The system is to help those who have lost control 
of their limbs or other bodily functions, such as 
patients with spinal cord injury to operate various 
gadgets such as TV, computer ,lights, fan etc. 
• It monitors brain activity in the patient and 
converts the intention of the user into computer 
commands
History 
• In 1924 Hans Berger, a German neurologist was 
first to record human brain activities by means of 
EEG(Electroencephalography ). 
• In 1970 researchers on BCIs began at the 
university of California Los Angeles(UCLA). 
• In 1978 a prototype was planted into a man 
blinded in adulthood. 
• In 2005 Matthew Nagle was one of the first person 
to use BCI to restore functionality lost due to 
paralysis. 
• In 2013 duke university researchers 
successfully connected the brains two rats. 
It is the first ever brain to brain interface.
BCI Technology 
• BCIs usually connects the brain (or nervous 
system) with a computer system. 
• A Brain Computer Interface, called as direct 
neural interface or brain machine interface is a 
direct communication pathway between human or 
animal brain and an external device. 
• Based on the communicative Pathway BCI is 
classified as follows 
 One Way BCI 
 Two Way BCI
BCI Technology (Cont.) 
• One Way BCI: Computers either accept 
commands from the brain or send signals to it (for 
example, to restore vision) but not both. 
• Two Way BCI: Brains and external devices can 
exchange information in both directions but have 
yet to be successfully implanted in animals or 
humans. 
• Brain Computer interface is of three types based 
on its features and are 
 Invasive BCI 
 Non Invasive BCI 
 Partially invasive BCI
Invasive BCI: 
• Invasive BCI are directly implanted into the grey 
matter of the brain during neurosurgery. They 
produce the highest quality signals of BCI devices. 
• BCIs focusing on motor Neuroprosthetics aim to 
either restore movement in paralyzed individuals 
or provide devices to assist them, such 
as interfaces with computers or 
robot arms.
Partially Invasive BCI: 
• Partially invasive BCI devices are implanted 
inside the skull but rest outside the brain rather 
than amidst the grey matter. 
• Electrocorticography(ECoG) uses the same 
technology as non-invasive 
electroencephalography, but the electrodes are 
embedded in a thin plastic pad that is placed 
above the cortex, beneath the duramater. 
• Light Reactive Imaging BCI devices are still in the 
realm of theory. These would involve implanting 
laser inside the skull
Non Invasive BCI: 
• The signals which are used in non invasive BCI 
have been used to power muscle implants and 
restore partial movement in an experimental 
volunteer. 
• Easy to wear but it produces poor signals. 
• Another substantial barrier used in BCI: 
 Electroencephalography (EEG) 
 Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
How does EEG & MEG work 
with?
Animal BCI Research 
• Several laboratories have managed to record 
signals from monkey & rat cerebral cortex in 
order to operate BCIs to carry out movement. 
• Monkeys-They have better abilities, skills and 
navigated computer cursors on Screen and 
Commanded Robotic Arms. 
• Rats-Decoded Visual Signals.
This way Monkeys & Rats used 
in laboratory
Components of BCI: 
• The converter: The signal travels to a shoebox-sized 
amplifier mounted on the user’s wheelchair, 
where it’s converted to optical data and bounced 
by fiber-optic cable to a computer. 
• The computer: The computer 
translates brain activity and creates 
the communication output using 
custom decoding software.
Components of BCI: 
• The Neuro chip: A 4-millimeter 
square silicon chip studded 
with 100 hair-thin 
microelectrodes is embedded 
in the primary motor cortex 
the region of the brain 
responsible for controlling 
movement 
• The connector: When the user thinks “move 
cursor up and down”, the cortical neurons fire in 
a distinctive pattern: the signal is transmitted 
through the pedestal plug attached to the skull
Working 
• The Brain Gate neural interface device is 
a propriety brain-computer interface that 
consist of an Inter neural signal sensor 
and External Processors. 
• The sensor consists of a tiny chip 
containing 100 microscopic electrodes 
that detect brain cell electrical activity. 
• The chip is implanted on the surface of 
brain in the motor cortex area that 
controls movement. 
Motor Cortex
Working (Cont.) 
• External Processors convert neural signals into an 
output signal under the users own control. 
• In the pilot version of the device, a cable connects 
the sensor to an external processor in a cart that 
contains computers. 
• The computers translate brain activity and create 
the communication output using custom decoding 
software.
How information is transmitted? 
• When a work is done through any 
part of body then a potential 
difference is created in the brain. 
• This potential difference is 
captured by the electrodes and is 
transmitted via fiber optic to the 
Digitizer(external processor). 
• The digitizer converts the signal 
into some 0’s and 1’s and that is 
feed into the computer
How information is transmitted? 
(Cont.) 
• Thus a new path for 
propagation of brain 
commands from the brain to the 
computer via Brain Gate are 
created. 
• Now when external devices are 
connected to the computer ,then 
they work according to the 
thought produced in the motor 
cortex.
Applications 
• Adaptive BCI for augmented cognition and action. 
• BCI offers paralyzed patients improved quality of 
life. 
• The mental typewriter. 
• Provide additional channel of control in Computer 
Gaming, Working Memory Encoding, Rapid 
Visual Recognition, Error and Conflict 
Perception. 
• Provides enhanced control of devices such as 
wheel chairs, vehicles or assistance robots for 
people with disability
Advantages 
• Allow paralyzed people to control 
prosthetic limbs with their mind. 
• Transmit visual images to the mind of 
a blind person, allowing them to see. 
• Transmit auditory data to the mind of 
a deaf person, allowing them to hear. 
• Allow gamers to control video games 
with their minds. 
• Allow a mute person to have their 
thoughts displayed and spoken by a 
computer.
Disadvantages 
• Research is still in beginning 
stages 
• The current technology is 
crude 
• Ethical issues may prevent its 
development 
• Electrodes outside of the skull 
can detect very few electric 
signals from the brain 
• Electrodes placed inside the 
skull create scar tissue in the 
brain
Future Scope 
• Current new advances include a 
second-generation interface 
software M*Power controller 
that will enable users to perform 
a wide variety of daily activities 
without assistances of technician. 
• We can expect that humans can easily 
communicate wireless through 
thoughts with devices around us. 
• Scientist can transplant human brain 
to the robots. 
• Human dreams can easily be 
visualized as video movie in the 
computer monitor.
Conclusion 
• Interface Neuronale Directe is a 
method of communication based 
on voluntary neural activity 
• Intensive R&D in future to attain 
intuitive efficiency. 
• Will enable us to achieve 
singularity very soon. 
• Conclusively BCI is a boon for the 
paralyzed people. 
• The results of BCI are spectacular 
and unbelievable.
Thank You 
Mail us- anishapotti@gmail.com 
rajeshwarimaryala222@gmail.com

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Interface neuronale directe

  • 1. INTERFACE NEURONALE DIRECTE -Brain computing interface Presented by: P.Anisha M.Rajeshwari INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
  • 2. Overview: • Introduction • History • BCI technologies • Component • Working • How information is transmitted • Applications • Advantages • Disadvantages • Future scope • Conclusion
  • 3. Introduction • Interface Neuronale Directe is also called as brain computer interface(BCI) • It is a mind-to-movement system that allows a quadriplegic man to control a computer using his Thoughts. • The system is to help those who have lost control of their limbs or other bodily functions, such as patients with spinal cord injury to operate various gadgets such as TV, computer ,lights, fan etc. • It monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into computer commands
  • 4. History • In 1924 Hans Berger, a German neurologist was first to record human brain activities by means of EEG(Electroencephalography ). • In 1970 researchers on BCIs began at the university of California Los Angeles(UCLA). • In 1978 a prototype was planted into a man blinded in adulthood. • In 2005 Matthew Nagle was one of the first person to use BCI to restore functionality lost due to paralysis. • In 2013 duke university researchers successfully connected the brains two rats. It is the first ever brain to brain interface.
  • 5. BCI Technology • BCIs usually connects the brain (or nervous system) with a computer system. • A Brain Computer Interface, called as direct neural interface or brain machine interface is a direct communication pathway between human or animal brain and an external device. • Based on the communicative Pathway BCI is classified as follows  One Way BCI  Two Way BCI
  • 6. BCI Technology (Cont.) • One Way BCI: Computers either accept commands from the brain or send signals to it (for example, to restore vision) but not both. • Two Way BCI: Brains and external devices can exchange information in both directions but have yet to be successfully implanted in animals or humans. • Brain Computer interface is of three types based on its features and are  Invasive BCI  Non Invasive BCI  Partially invasive BCI
  • 7. Invasive BCI: • Invasive BCI are directly implanted into the grey matter of the brain during neurosurgery. They produce the highest quality signals of BCI devices. • BCIs focusing on motor Neuroprosthetics aim to either restore movement in paralyzed individuals or provide devices to assist them, such as interfaces with computers or robot arms.
  • 8. Partially Invasive BCI: • Partially invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the skull but rest outside the brain rather than amidst the grey matter. • Electrocorticography(ECoG) uses the same technology as non-invasive electroencephalography, but the electrodes are embedded in a thin plastic pad that is placed above the cortex, beneath the duramater. • Light Reactive Imaging BCI devices are still in the realm of theory. These would involve implanting laser inside the skull
  • 9. Non Invasive BCI: • The signals which are used in non invasive BCI have been used to power muscle implants and restore partial movement in an experimental volunteer. • Easy to wear but it produces poor signals. • Another substantial barrier used in BCI:  Electroencephalography (EEG)  Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
  • 10. How does EEG & MEG work with?
  • 11. Animal BCI Research • Several laboratories have managed to record signals from monkey & rat cerebral cortex in order to operate BCIs to carry out movement. • Monkeys-They have better abilities, skills and navigated computer cursors on Screen and Commanded Robotic Arms. • Rats-Decoded Visual Signals.
  • 12. This way Monkeys & Rats used in laboratory
  • 13. Components of BCI: • The converter: The signal travels to a shoebox-sized amplifier mounted on the user’s wheelchair, where it’s converted to optical data and bounced by fiber-optic cable to a computer. • The computer: The computer translates brain activity and creates the communication output using custom decoding software.
  • 14. Components of BCI: • The Neuro chip: A 4-millimeter square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin microelectrodes is embedded in the primary motor cortex the region of the brain responsible for controlling movement • The connector: When the user thinks “move cursor up and down”, the cortical neurons fire in a distinctive pattern: the signal is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull
  • 15. Working • The Brain Gate neural interface device is a propriety brain-computer interface that consist of an Inter neural signal sensor and External Processors. • The sensor consists of a tiny chip containing 100 microscopic electrodes that detect brain cell electrical activity. • The chip is implanted on the surface of brain in the motor cortex area that controls movement. Motor Cortex
  • 16. Working (Cont.) • External Processors convert neural signals into an output signal under the users own control. • In the pilot version of the device, a cable connects the sensor to an external processor in a cart that contains computers. • The computers translate brain activity and create the communication output using custom decoding software.
  • 17. How information is transmitted? • When a work is done through any part of body then a potential difference is created in the brain. • This potential difference is captured by the electrodes and is transmitted via fiber optic to the Digitizer(external processor). • The digitizer converts the signal into some 0’s and 1’s and that is feed into the computer
  • 18. How information is transmitted? (Cont.) • Thus a new path for propagation of brain commands from the brain to the computer via Brain Gate are created. • Now when external devices are connected to the computer ,then they work according to the thought produced in the motor cortex.
  • 19. Applications • Adaptive BCI for augmented cognition and action. • BCI offers paralyzed patients improved quality of life. • The mental typewriter. • Provide additional channel of control in Computer Gaming, Working Memory Encoding, Rapid Visual Recognition, Error and Conflict Perception. • Provides enhanced control of devices such as wheel chairs, vehicles or assistance robots for people with disability
  • 20. Advantages • Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind. • Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to see. • Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to hear. • Allow gamers to control video games with their minds. • Allow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a computer.
  • 21. Disadvantages • Research is still in beginning stages • The current technology is crude • Ethical issues may prevent its development • Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the brain • Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain
  • 22. Future Scope • Current new advances include a second-generation interface software M*Power controller that will enable users to perform a wide variety of daily activities without assistances of technician. • We can expect that humans can easily communicate wireless through thoughts with devices around us. • Scientist can transplant human brain to the robots. • Human dreams can easily be visualized as video movie in the computer monitor.
  • 23. Conclusion • Interface Neuronale Directe is a method of communication based on voluntary neural activity • Intensive R&D in future to attain intuitive efficiency. • Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon. • Conclusively BCI is a boon for the paralyzed people. • The results of BCI are spectacular and unbelievable.
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