The document discusses experiments on exposing the southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus) to the probiotic bacteria Janthinobacterium lividum and Pseudomonas fluorescens to determine if this can protect against the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). The experiments found that colonization of L. sphenocephalus by J. lividum and P. fluorescens inhibited Bd growth in vitro and reduced Bd infection and zoospore loads in the frogs. Adding the probiotics to Bd-infected frogs also helped reduce zoospore loads and disease symptoms. The probiotics likely aid disease resistance
This microbiology lab study guide provides information on various microorganisms including their morphology, arrangement, gram staining characteristics, diseases they cause, catalase and coagulase tests, oxygen requirements, and other notes. It includes bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Clostridium tetani, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes.
This document lists 103 herbs, mushrooms, and plant products with their English names, botanical names, Chinese names, and organic certification status. It is a catalogue from Boherbs, a Chinese herbal products supplier, listing their certified organic products for export to Europe and North America. The products include common herbs as well as exotic mushrooms and plant extracts.
Arturo Brenes' presentation in the framework of the expert consultation on th...cwr_use
The expert consultation on the use of crop wild relatives for pre-breeding in potato was a workshop organized by the Global Crop Diversity Trust in collaboration with CIP and took place from the 22nd – 24th of February 2012.
A photographer's job is to create visual images for creative purposes. Photographers either work for clients or independently, and categorize their work into genres like advertising, fashion, or weddings. While photography can be fun, it requires meeting client needs and deadlines. Hours vary depending on the client or employer. Relevant qualifications include degrees in art, design, media studies or photography. Salaries range widely depending on experience, from £12,000-£65,000 annually for freelancers or full-time employees.
The document is a teacher resource packet for an exhibition at the Museum of Arts and Design titled "New Territories: Laboratories for Design, Craft and Art in Latin America." It includes introductory information about the exhibition's themes of navigating space, repurposing objects, developing new markets, cultivating experimentation, craft legacy, and experimenting with materials. The packet provides discussion topics, hands-on activities, and lessons to help students explore the key concepts and ideas from the exhibition both before and after their visit.
A Mommy Makeover procedure combines several cosmetic surgeries to restore a woman's body after pregnancy and childbirth. It typically includes a breast lift or augmentation along with procedures to address loose skin on the abdomen, hips, and thighs. The specific procedures are customized to each woman's needs and goals. While recovery times vary, a Mommy Makeover can help women who have struggled to regain their pre-baby bodies through diet and exercise alone. Risks are generally low when procedures are performed by a board certified plastic surgeon.
Annual Jr NBA U16 and U19 Invitational Tournament 2016 RecapTshepo G. Tau
The 2016 Royal Bafokeng Jr. NBA Invitational was held from August 26-28 in Phokeng, South Africa. It featured boys and girls teams from various schools in under-16 and under-19 age divisions. Over the three days of competition, teams played games in their divisions and finals were held to determine champions. Royal Bafokeng A won the championships in under-16 boys and girls, while Western Cape Sports School won the under-19 boys title. MVP awards were given to top performers from the winning teams.
Bhavika Bharat Kumath is a Chartered Accountant with over 4 years of experience working for Credit Suisse and Larsen & Toubro Limited. She currently works as a Senior Accounting Analyst for Credit Suisse in their Center of Excellence in Pune, India. In her role, she is responsible for accounting, financial reporting, analysis and process improvements. Previously she worked as a Team Leader for Larsen & Toubro Limited, where she managed a team and was responsible for accounting activities including bank reconciliations and asset capitalization. She has cleared all levels of the CA examination, including the final exam, on her first attempt.
This microbiology lab study guide provides information on various microorganisms including their morphology, arrangement, gram staining characteristics, diseases they cause, catalase and coagulase tests, oxygen requirements, and other notes. It includes bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Clostridium tetani, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes.
This document lists 103 herbs, mushrooms, and plant products with their English names, botanical names, Chinese names, and organic certification status. It is a catalogue from Boherbs, a Chinese herbal products supplier, listing their certified organic products for export to Europe and North America. The products include common herbs as well as exotic mushrooms and plant extracts.
Arturo Brenes' presentation in the framework of the expert consultation on th...cwr_use
The expert consultation on the use of crop wild relatives for pre-breeding in potato was a workshop organized by the Global Crop Diversity Trust in collaboration with CIP and took place from the 22nd – 24th of February 2012.
A photographer's job is to create visual images for creative purposes. Photographers either work for clients or independently, and categorize their work into genres like advertising, fashion, or weddings. While photography can be fun, it requires meeting client needs and deadlines. Hours vary depending on the client or employer. Relevant qualifications include degrees in art, design, media studies or photography. Salaries range widely depending on experience, from £12,000-£65,000 annually for freelancers or full-time employees.
The document is a teacher resource packet for an exhibition at the Museum of Arts and Design titled "New Territories: Laboratories for Design, Craft and Art in Latin America." It includes introductory information about the exhibition's themes of navigating space, repurposing objects, developing new markets, cultivating experimentation, craft legacy, and experimenting with materials. The packet provides discussion topics, hands-on activities, and lessons to help students explore the key concepts and ideas from the exhibition both before and after their visit.
A Mommy Makeover procedure combines several cosmetic surgeries to restore a woman's body after pregnancy and childbirth. It typically includes a breast lift or augmentation along with procedures to address loose skin on the abdomen, hips, and thighs. The specific procedures are customized to each woman's needs and goals. While recovery times vary, a Mommy Makeover can help women who have struggled to regain their pre-baby bodies through diet and exercise alone. Risks are generally low when procedures are performed by a board certified plastic surgeon.
Annual Jr NBA U16 and U19 Invitational Tournament 2016 RecapTshepo G. Tau
The 2016 Royal Bafokeng Jr. NBA Invitational was held from August 26-28 in Phokeng, South Africa. It featured boys and girls teams from various schools in under-16 and under-19 age divisions. Over the three days of competition, teams played games in their divisions and finals were held to determine champions. Royal Bafokeng A won the championships in under-16 boys and girls, while Western Cape Sports School won the under-19 boys title. MVP awards were given to top performers from the winning teams.
Bhavika Bharat Kumath is a Chartered Accountant with over 4 years of experience working for Credit Suisse and Larsen & Toubro Limited. She currently works as a Senior Accounting Analyst for Credit Suisse in their Center of Excellence in Pune, India. In her role, she is responsible for accounting, financial reporting, analysis and process improvements. Previously she worked as a Team Leader for Larsen & Toubro Limited, where she managed a team and was responsible for accounting activities including bank reconciliations and asset capitalization. She has cleared all levels of the CA examination, including the final exam, on her first attempt.
The document describes the construction methods for several costumes and accessories from the Midsummer play. Male fairy wings were made from polyurethane sheeting over wire and heat shrunk and painted. A moth costume used feathered pipe cleaners painted with a pattern and reinforced with sheer fabric. Titania's costume involved linen pleated and draped over a dress with an underskirt of sheer fabric. A cob web was made from wire covered in distressed cheesecloth and detailed with hot glue webs. Peas Blossom included costumes made with wire, one covered in sheer fuchsia fabric and painted details and a leaf base from plastic sheeting and wire. Mustard Seed was created from yellow plastic rings between t
El documento describe a la familia del autor, incluyendo a su padre Leonardo Silva, quien es responsable y trabajador; su madre María Rodríguez, quien le gusta cocinar; y su hermano Christian Silva, quien practica natación. También menciona sus mejores amigos y novia, destacando la importancia de la familia y amigos en su vida.
La fenología agrícola y pecuaria estudia los ciclos vitales de las plantas y animales y cómo se ven afectados por factores ambientales, lo que permite predecir cosechas, controlar plagas, y planificar actividades como podas, siembras e injertos. Se aplica en agricultura, silvicultura, ganadería, paisajismo y biología para comprender migraciones, crecimiento y épocas de recolección. Existen diferentes métodos de registro fenológico.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Para usar Instagram, debes descargar la aplicación gratuita desde la tienda de aplicaciones de tu dispositivo y registrarte con tu nombre, correo electrónico, contraseña, número de teléfono e imagen. Luego, puedes encontrar amigos de Facebook u otras redes sociales en Instagram y seguirlos para ver y comentar sus fotos. La aplicación también ofrece explorar fotos y videos populares de personas que no sigues.
The KONE EcoSpace is a cost-effective lift solution designed for low-rise buildings. It requires no machine room, using a compact gearless motor that saves space and reduces costs. The motor is also 50-70% more energy efficient than traditional lift motors. The EcoSpace offers customizable car designs and includes standard safety and accessibility features. KONE provides full lifecycle support including installation, maintenance, and modernization services.
Este documento resume la trompeta bastarda, una de las primeras trompetas semi-cromáticas que apareció alrededor de 1400. Explica que la trompeta bastarda podía producir cromatismos moviendo una vara o corredera para cambiar entre cuatro series armónicas diferentes. También describe cómo se tocaba este instrumento y sus usos comunes durante el Renacimiento, con el objetivo de proporcionar una aproximación didáctica para aprender a tocar la trompeta bastarda.
This document provides retail prices and costs for various items being sold in the fall of 2016. It lists the retail prices for 9 different items totaling $2,935,020 in potential retail sales. The total cost of all items was $881,931.60, resulting in a 70% total markup. The top to bottom ratio of highest priced to lowest priced items was 2:1.
The document provides an overview of recent news from the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Memphis. It discusses:
1) Faculty news including Dr. Thomas Sutter receiving a major university award, Dr. Stephan Schoech retiring after 20+ years of studying Florida scrub jays, and Dr. Jennifer Mandel giving a keynote address at a conference.
2) Graduate student successes such as thesis/dissertation defenses, awards/grants received, and presentations given at conferences.
3) Activities of the Biological Sciences Graduate Student Association (BioGSA) including fundraising events and hosting their first invited graduate student speaker.
4) Undergraduate student achievements including scholarship winners and students winning poster
This document proposes an operational excellence project to reduce ticket and slump times without sacrificing safety. It analyzes installing reader boards and slump signs at CEMEX plants. The project aims to save 1 minute per ticket and slump time based on motion studies. This could save over $2 million annually based on 2015 volumes. Installation at pilot sites is proposed to test projected savings of $6,525-$99,623 per site over 10-15 years versus costs of $16,500-$17,527 per site. A 6-month pilot will collect data to assess the investment before potential regional and national rollout. Approval is required to proceed with sign installation contracts and collaborating with local operations.
Este documento trata sobre el concepto de infracción tributaria y los principios de la potestad sancionadora en derecho tributario. Define la infracción tributaria como una acción u omisión que viole normas tributarias y constituya un ilícito sancionado por la autoridad tributaria. Explica los principios de irretroactividad e imposición de sanciones proporcionales a la infracción cometida, así como las infracciones relacionadas con el incumplimiento de obligaciones tributarias como no declarar ingresos o declarar datos falsos.
6 Home Décor Ideas That Your Kids Would Absolutely LovePinclick
Homes can be made colourful and exciting for children with simple changes and additions. Turn you house into a child friendly zone with some DIY and clever ideas
This document provides an overview of an event to raise funds for No More Homeless Pets of Utah (NMHPU). It introduces the emcees and thanks sponsors and volunteers for their contributions. Short speeches from sponsors emphasize their donations and commitment to NMHPU's mission. A video highlights the impact of NMHPU's programs. The NMHPU president discusses the organization's goals and achievements in reducing euthanasia. Another video features an adoption success story to encourage bidding in the live auction. The emcees aim to raise significant funds through the auction to support NMHPU's ongoing work.
This document summarizes a study on transport phenomena in the eye. It includes an introduction on heat, momentum and mass transfer in the eye. It then discusses the anatomy of the eyeball. The main body describes the governing equations of motion, continuity and energy that were solved to model flow, pressure, temperature and concentration distributions in the normal eye and under intravenous injection conditions. Results are presented on velocity and pressure distributions in the upright eye, as well as temperature, concentration and distribution comparisons to experimental data.
The document describes the construction methods for several costumes and accessories from the Midsummer play. Male fairy wings were made from polyurethane sheeting over wire and heat shrunk and painted. A moth costume used feathered pipe cleaners painted with a pattern and reinforced with sheer fabric. Titania's costume involved linen pleated and draped over a dress with an underskirt of sheer fabric. A cob web was made from wire covered in distressed cheesecloth and detailed with hot glue webs. Peas Blossom included costumes made with wire, one covered in sheer fuchsia fabric and painted details and a leaf base from plastic sheeting and wire. Mustard Seed was created from yellow plastic rings between t
El documento describe a la familia del autor, incluyendo a su padre Leonardo Silva, quien es responsable y trabajador; su madre María Rodríguez, quien le gusta cocinar; y su hermano Christian Silva, quien practica natación. También menciona sus mejores amigos y novia, destacando la importancia de la familia y amigos en su vida.
La fenología agrícola y pecuaria estudia los ciclos vitales de las plantas y animales y cómo se ven afectados por factores ambientales, lo que permite predecir cosechas, controlar plagas, y planificar actividades como podas, siembras e injertos. Se aplica en agricultura, silvicultura, ganadería, paisajismo y biología para comprender migraciones, crecimiento y épocas de recolección. Existen diferentes métodos de registro fenológico.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Para usar Instagram, debes descargar la aplicación gratuita desde la tienda de aplicaciones de tu dispositivo y registrarte con tu nombre, correo electrónico, contraseña, número de teléfono e imagen. Luego, puedes encontrar amigos de Facebook u otras redes sociales en Instagram y seguirlos para ver y comentar sus fotos. La aplicación también ofrece explorar fotos y videos populares de personas que no sigues.
The KONE EcoSpace is a cost-effective lift solution designed for low-rise buildings. It requires no machine room, using a compact gearless motor that saves space and reduces costs. The motor is also 50-70% more energy efficient than traditional lift motors. The EcoSpace offers customizable car designs and includes standard safety and accessibility features. KONE provides full lifecycle support including installation, maintenance, and modernization services.
Este documento resume la trompeta bastarda, una de las primeras trompetas semi-cromáticas que apareció alrededor de 1400. Explica que la trompeta bastarda podía producir cromatismos moviendo una vara o corredera para cambiar entre cuatro series armónicas diferentes. También describe cómo se tocaba este instrumento y sus usos comunes durante el Renacimiento, con el objetivo de proporcionar una aproximación didáctica para aprender a tocar la trompeta bastarda.
This document provides retail prices and costs for various items being sold in the fall of 2016. It lists the retail prices for 9 different items totaling $2,935,020 in potential retail sales. The total cost of all items was $881,931.60, resulting in a 70% total markup. The top to bottom ratio of highest priced to lowest priced items was 2:1.
The document provides an overview of recent news from the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Memphis. It discusses:
1) Faculty news including Dr. Thomas Sutter receiving a major university award, Dr. Stephan Schoech retiring after 20+ years of studying Florida scrub jays, and Dr. Jennifer Mandel giving a keynote address at a conference.
2) Graduate student successes such as thesis/dissertation defenses, awards/grants received, and presentations given at conferences.
3) Activities of the Biological Sciences Graduate Student Association (BioGSA) including fundraising events and hosting their first invited graduate student speaker.
4) Undergraduate student achievements including scholarship winners and students winning poster
This document proposes an operational excellence project to reduce ticket and slump times without sacrificing safety. It analyzes installing reader boards and slump signs at CEMEX plants. The project aims to save 1 minute per ticket and slump time based on motion studies. This could save over $2 million annually based on 2015 volumes. Installation at pilot sites is proposed to test projected savings of $6,525-$99,623 per site over 10-15 years versus costs of $16,500-$17,527 per site. A 6-month pilot will collect data to assess the investment before potential regional and national rollout. Approval is required to proceed with sign installation contracts and collaborating with local operations.
Este documento trata sobre el concepto de infracción tributaria y los principios de la potestad sancionadora en derecho tributario. Define la infracción tributaria como una acción u omisión que viole normas tributarias y constituya un ilícito sancionado por la autoridad tributaria. Explica los principios de irretroactividad e imposición de sanciones proporcionales a la infracción cometida, así como las infracciones relacionadas con el incumplimiento de obligaciones tributarias como no declarar ingresos o declarar datos falsos.
6 Home Décor Ideas That Your Kids Would Absolutely LovePinclick
Homes can be made colourful and exciting for children with simple changes and additions. Turn you house into a child friendly zone with some DIY and clever ideas
This document provides an overview of an event to raise funds for No More Homeless Pets of Utah (NMHPU). It introduces the emcees and thanks sponsors and volunteers for their contributions. Short speeches from sponsors emphasize their donations and commitment to NMHPU's mission. A video highlights the impact of NMHPU's programs. The NMHPU president discusses the organization's goals and achievements in reducing euthanasia. Another video features an adoption success story to encourage bidding in the live auction. The emcees aim to raise significant funds through the auction to support NMHPU's ongoing work.
This document summarizes a study on transport phenomena in the eye. It includes an introduction on heat, momentum and mass transfer in the eye. It then discusses the anatomy of the eyeball. The main body describes the governing equations of motion, continuity and energy that were solved to model flow, pressure, temperature and concentration distributions in the normal eye and under intravenous injection conditions. Results are presented on velocity and pressure distributions in the upright eye, as well as temperature, concentration and distribution comparisons to experimental data.
10. L. sphenocephalus L. sphenocephalus
Janthinobacterium lividum Pseudomonas fluorescens
L. sphenocephalus L. sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus Bd
Bd
L. sphenocephalus Bd Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens L. sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus Bd L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd
11. Chapter 1: Exposure of Lithobates sphenocephalus to probiotic
bacteria for colonization
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Batrachochytrium
Bd
,
Bd
Bd
Bd
et al.
12. Bd
et al.
Bd Bd,
Bd- Bd
Bd
Bd
Bd
Plethodon
cinereus, Bd
Janthinobacterium lividum Pseudomonas fluorescens,
Bd .
Bd Bd
Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens
et al. et al. ,
Bd
Bd
Lithobates
sphenocephalus Bd
Bd
14. Bd Bd
P. fluorescens J. lividum, Bd
Rana muscosa Rana muscosa
in vivo,
Bd J.
lividum P. fluorescen
Bd .
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens
. .
Bd
P. fluorescens J. lividum Bd
P. fluorescens
Rhizoctonia solani
Bacillus harveyi
Vibrio
L.
sphenocephalus, J. lividum P. fluorescens
15. .
in vivo
Bd
L. sphenocephalus J. lividum P. fluorescens
J. lividum Rana
muscosa Bd
Bd.
bd
L. sphenocephalus Bd
L. sphenocephalus
Bd L.
sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens L.
sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd
L. sphenocephalus J. lividum P.
fluorescens
16. L. sphenocephalus
Hypotheses
J. lividum P. fluorescens L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens L. sphenocephalus L.
sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus J.
lividum P. fluorescens
Methodology
Animal Husbandry
L. sphenocephalus
Bd
L. sphenocephalus
17. Probiotic Cultures
J. lividum P. fluorescens
, ,
.
J. lividum P. fluorescens
J. lividum P.
fluorescens L. sphenocephalus
18. J. lividum
P. fluorescens
L. sphenocephalus
AMP Collection, Purification, and Efficacy
L. sphenocephalus
L.
sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum
P. fluorescens
.
19. Bd
L. sphenocephalus J. lividum P. fluorescens
J. lividum P.
fluorescens, .
J. lividum P.
fluorescens L. sphenocephalus.
L. sphenocephalus
Probiotic Exposure and Quantification
,
1) J. lividum+/P. fluorescens+
2) J. lividum+/ P. fluorescens; 3) J.
lividum/P. fluorescens+ 4) J. lividum P. fluorescens
.
20. Statistical Analyses
N =
Results
L. sphenocephalus J. lividum
P. fluorescens
Comparisons of Bacterial Cell Concentrations over Time
J. lividum F = p
J. lividum
L. sphenocephalus
F p
21. Figure 1 L. sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens
p p p
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens.
J. lividum
P. fluorescens F . p P.
fluorescens L. sphenocephalus J.
lividum
AMP production in response to bioaugmentation
F p
22. J. lividum P. fluorescens
Figure 2 L. sphenocephalus F
P
L. sphenocephalus
Bd
F p
L. sphenocephalus
p
p
p
23. in
vitro
Discussion
Findings and Conclusions
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescen
Bd.
L. sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens,
, ,
J. lividum P. fluorescens L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum Bd
P. fluorescens
Bd
24. L. sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens
P. fluorescens L. sphenocephalus,
J. lividum. P. fluorescens Bd
J. lividum,
P. fluorescens
L. sphenocephalus
Bd
P.
fluorescens Bd
P. fluorescens J. lividum,
26. Chapter 2: Susceptibility to Bd after Successful Colonization of
L. sphenocephalus with J. lividum and
P. fluorescens
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Bd
Bd
Bd
Bd
Bd
Bd
Bd
Xenopus laevis) Bd
30. J. lividum
P.fluorescens, Bd
Lithobates sphenocephalus J. lividum P. fluorescens
,
L. sphenocephalus
J.lividum P.fluorescens.
Bd L.
sphenocephalus
Bd-
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd ,
L. sphenocephalus Bd.
Hypotheses
J. lividum P. fluorescens L. sphenocephalus
Bd
Bd
Bd
in vitro et al. .
L. sphenocephalus Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd
31. Methodology
Exposure of L. sphenocephalus to Bd
L. sphenocephalus
Bd
L. sphenocephalus.
Bd L.
sphenocephalus Bd
L.
sphenocephalus.
Bd
32. Bd
Bd
Bd
Bd Bd
L.
sphenocephalus Bd
Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens J. lividum P. fluorescens +
J. lividum, P. fluorescens, Bd
Bd
Bd
L. sphenocephalus
Bd
Probiotic and Bd quantification
L. sphenocephalus Bd
J. lividum
P.fluorescens
35. Bd Bd
Bd
Results
Bd-induced Changes of AMP Production
L. sphenocephalus F
= p F = p
Bd F p
.
Bd P. fluorescens/Bd F = p
J.lividum/Bd F p
Bd
L. sphenocephalus J.lividum P. fluorescens .
Bd L.
sphenocephalus
F4,36 p F8, 36 = p
Bacterial Concentrations Fluctuates Post-Bd Infection
F p
L. sphenocephalus
37. F p J. lividum F1,7 p P. fluorescens F
p
Probiotic Inhibition of Bd zoospores
Bd
F1,4 p
Bd L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum
Bd
F p
J. lividum P.
fluorescens p L.
sphenocephalus J. lividum Bd
P. fluorescens p Bd
J.lividum p
Bd
38. Figure 5 L. sphenocephalus
Discussion
Discussion of Findings and Conclusions
Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd
L. sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus
J.lividum P. fluorescens
J. lividum P.
fluorescens
Bd . J. lividum
P.fluorescens
L. sphenocephalus
.
L. sphenocephalus
39. J.lividum P. fluorescens
L. sphenocephalus
Bd-
J. lividum P. fluorescens,
L. sphenocephalus
Bd
L. sphenocephalus Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens
L. sphenocephalus J. lividum P.
fluorescens, Bd
L.
sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus
.
40. J. lividum P. fluorescens
Bd- L.
sphenocephalus J. lividum P. fluorescens
K
L.
sphenocephalus
et al. .
J. lividum P. fluorescens
L.
sphenocephalus Bd
Bd, L. sphenocephalus
Bd-
Bd
Bd L. sphenocephalus
Bd
J. lividum P.
fluorescens
J. lividum P. fluorescens
Flavobacterium johnsoniae and P. fluorescens Bd- Alytes
obstetricans
41. Recommendations for future research
Bd
.
.
Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd L.
sphenocephalus
. in vivo
L. sphenocephalus,
Bd
Bd
Bd
Bd
.
Bd
42. Bd
L. sphenocephalus J. lividum P. fluorescens
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens.
Bd
Daphnia magna Bd
L. sphenocephalus
D. magna L. sphenocephalus
Bd.
Bd.
J. lividum P. fluorescens
Bd
L. sphenocephalus with J. lividum P. fluorescens
Bd .
43. Chapter 3: Addition of J. lividum and P. fluorescens to
BD-Infected L. sphenocephalus
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
.
.
Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis Bd Bd
Bd Bd
Bd
45. et al.
Literature review
Bd J. lividum Pseudomonas fluorescens,
in vitro
Bd Bd
J. lividum Bd
P. fluorescens,
Bd
J. lividum
P. fluorescens Bd
Bd
Bd
Bd-
46. J. lividum P.
fluorescens,
J. lividum P.
fluorescens Bd
Lithobates sphenocephalus in
vitro. L. sphenocephalus Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens
Bd .
Bd , L. sphenocephalus J. lividum P. fluorescens
Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd
Bd
Bd J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd
47. L. sphenocephalus Bd
Hypotheses
J. lividum P. fluorescens L. sphenocephalus
Bd Bd L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens. Bd
L. sphenocephalus
.
Bd
L. sphenocephalus
Methodology
Bacterial Exposure of Bd-Infected L. sphenocephalus
Acheta domestica
Bd
L. sphenocephalus.
Bd
Bd
48. Bd
Bd
L.
sphenocephalus Bd
Bd
J. lividum
P. fluorescens J. lividum+/P. fluorescens+ J. lividum+/P. fluorescens-
J. lividum-/P. fluorescens +. Bd
Bd J. lividum P.
fluorescens.
Bd
Bd and probiotic quantification
L. sphenocephalus
49. Bd
Bd
Bd
J lividum P. fluorescens
J. lividum P.
fluorescens
J.
lividum P. fluorescens
AMP collection, purification and quantification
Bd
51. Bd
L.
sphenocephalus J.lividum P. fluorescens.
Bd .
J. lividum P. fluorescens
J. lividum P. fluorescens N
F
p
AMP release during Bd infection and subsequent bacterial exposure
Bd F3,22 p
F3,22 p
F p
F3,22 p Bd
L. sphenocephalus
F p
52. Bd zoospore loads in response to probiotic intervention
Bd- Bd
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd
F p
Bd
Bd J. lividum P. fluorescens
Bd-
J. lividum P. fluorescens L. sphenocephalus
Bd
F p
F p Bd
Bd
Discussion
Discussion of findings, conclusions
Bd- L.
sphenocephalus, J. lividum P. fluorescens
. L. sphenocephalus
J.lividum P.
fluorescens Bd-
.
L. sphenocephalus
53. L.
sphenocephalus
Bd
Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens
L. sphenocephalus Bd
Bd L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P.
fluorescens
.
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P. fluorescens.
. Bd
Bd L. sphenocephalus
Bd
Bd
L.
sphenocephalus Bd
54. J.lividum
P.fluorescens
Bd, Bd
Bd
L. sphenocephalus Bd
et al. et al . Lithobates clamitans
Bd ,
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum P.
fluorescens L. sphenocephalus Bd
Bd
L. sphenocephalus Bd
Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd
Bd
Bd,
Bd
Bd,
Bd Bd
55. Recommendations for future research
Bd Bd
.
Bd Bd
in vitro
.
Bd
Bd
Bd
Bd
bd
Bd-
L. sphenocephalus Bd .
J. lividum P. fluorescens
.
Bd
Bd
Bd
56. J. lividum P.fluorescens
Staphylococcus spp.,
Bd-
L. sphenocephalus
J. lividum
P.fluorescens
J. lividum P. fluorescens Bd
J. lividum P. fluorescens
Bd L. sphenocephalus
L. sphenocephalus Bd
Bd
Bd
L. sphenocephalus Bd
.
Bd-
Bd-
57. Pseudomonas fluorescens Journal of
Bacteriology
Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis Molecular Ecology 22
Applied and
Environmental Microbiology, 75(21), 6635-6638.
PLoS One 5
Ecohealth 8
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5.10,
The role of cutaneous bacteria in resistance of Australian tropical
rainforest frogs to the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis
Gesunde Pflanzen 59
Diseases of Aquatic
Organisms 68
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 68
58. Ecology Letters.
Hyla cinerea
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis PloS One 7
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
PloS one 8
Ecology, 86,
Plethodon
cinereus. Journal of Chemical Ecology
Janthinobacterium lividum
Plethodon cinereus Journal of Chemical Ecology 34
Scientific
reports
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Fungal Genetics and
Biology, 49,
Disease ecology: community structure and
pathogen dynamics
59. General and
Comparative Endocrinology 176
Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences 107
Herpetologica, 63,
Environmental Science & Technology 41
Molecular Biology and Evolution 19
Biotechnology and
Applied Biochemistry 48
Rana muscosa Copeia 2001
Journal of Zoo and
Wildlife Medicine 39
Conservation Biology 26
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 72
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Oikos 118
Pseudomonas fluorescens
60. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 97
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Xenopus laevis Ecotoxicology
and Environmental Safety 71
Nature Reviews Microbiology 10
Freshwater Biology 57
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 83
The ISME Journal 3
Food Control, 32
Archives of Environmental Health: An
International Journal 46
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Emerging Infectious
Diseases 9
Functional Ecology 22
61. Pseudomonas fluorescens Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 76
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 77
Lactobacillus
rhamnosus Lactobacillus reuteri
Candida albicans. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and
Gynecology 2012
PloS one 9
y.
Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 17 4
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Rana muscosa Biological
Conservation, 143
Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis PloS one 8
Copeia
Microbial Ecology 2
Lithobates
catesbeianus Mycopathologia
Microbiology: Laboratory theory and
application
PLoS biology 6
62. Frontiers in
Microbiology 5
The ISME journal 8
Gastroenterology, 121(3),
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70
The ISME Journal 6
Journal of Hygiene, 38
Annual Reviews in Microbiology,
3,
Aquaculture 164
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Biological
Conservation 152
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Rana muscosa Journal of
Chemical Ecology 38
Nature Protocols 1
Niche construction: the
neglected process in evolution
63. Janthinobacterium lividum Journal of
Applied Microbiology 102
Ecology 85
Rana pipiens
Global Change Biology 18
The Journal of
Experimental Biology 216
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 43
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 75
Bioscience 59
Microbiology and
Molecular Biology Reviews 74
PLoS genetics 9
Immunological reviews 166
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Developmental & Comparative
Immunology 26
64. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 29
Rana muscosa Developmental &
Comparative Immunology 30
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes 1788
Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences 105
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Diseases of
Aquatic Organisms 82
Journal of
Herpetology
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
108(40), .
Aquaculture 256
Ambystoma tigrinum
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44
Fusarium oxysporum Aspergillus Pseudomonas fluorescens
Journal of Pharmacy and
Biological Science 1
The ecology of the nitrogen cycle
65. Rana pipiens
Developmental & Comparative
Immunology 33
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16(2),
Oecologia 93
Journal of Parasitology 96
Diseases of Aquatic
Organisms 77
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Microbes and Infection 13
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Fungal Ecology 4
Host-pathogen dynamics of
amphibian chytridiomycosis: the role of the skin microbiome in health and
disease.
Biotropica 43
The ISME journal
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Diseases of Aquatic
Organisms, 77
雅虎竞拍
煤炉代买
paypay商城
乐天二手
日本亚马逊
乐天新品
ZOZOTOWN
