Growth & development

Growth & Development

How and why may an organism change over it’s
lifespan?
Animals often exhibit metamorphosis in their
development.
Can you explain at least one advantage to this
“strategy”?

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

• GROWTH – the Surface to volume
increase in ratio limits how large
size of an a cell can grow
organism

Growth in Single-Celled
Organisms
In single-celled
organisms growth
occurs by an
increase in cell
size
Cell can either stay big
or divide

Growth in Multi-celled
Organisms
In multi-celled
organisms growth
occurs by
production of new
cells
 Increases the total
number of cells in
the organism
 Increases total
surface to volume
ratio

Living Organisms
Are capable of :- 1. Detect and react to
• Growth and stimuli
development
2. Reproduction
• Metabolism
3. Composed of cells
• Homeostatis
4. Contain DNA
• Movement
5. Adaptation and
evolution

All Species Inventory

• in 2001
– international project launched to identify and
record every species on Earth in the next 25
years
– a very challenging undertaking considering
that to date 1.5 million organisms have been
named
– it is estimated that anywhere from 7 – 100
million living species exist

• science of organizing organisms into
groups
– those with similar properties being grouped
together
– similarities are due to relatedness
• phylogeny is the study of evolutionary history of
organisms
– organization of organisms reflect phylogeny or
evolutionary relationships

Taxonomy
• three separate but interrelated disciplines
are involved in taxonomy
– identification
• characterizing organisms
– classification
• arranging into similar groups
– nomenclature
• naming organisms

Prokaryote
Classification
• technologies used to
characterize and ID
prokaryotes
– microscopic
examination
– culture characteristics
– biochemical testing
– nucleic acid analysis
– combination of the
above is most accurate

Taxonomic Classification Categories
• arranged in hierarchical order
• species is basic unit

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum or Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Classification Systems:
a short history

• In, Carl Linnaeus devised the first
classification system, placing
plants and animals in separate
systems
– Linnaeus placed all microorganism
in one genus he named Chaos

Growth & development

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