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Abstract—Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR) is a well known phenomenon that is observed in the conventional energy generation and wind farm sites. SSR is more prone to generation sites that are directly connected to the series compensated transmission lines. Series compensation is required to improve the voltage profile and reduce transmission losses of the transmission lines. The work presented here aims to highlight the potential causes, the system configurations and the methods that are used to identify SSR. The main focus of the poster is to outline frequency scan techniques that are based on the small signal perturbation method. The analysis generally employs Electro Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP). This technique provides the spectrum of frequency response to resistance and reactance. Finally, based on that we deduce the damping provided by the system, and thereby the SSR risk to the project.
![1
Abstract—Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR) is a well known
phenomenon that is observed in the conventional energy
generation and wind farm sites. SSR is more prone to generation
sites that are directly connected to the series compensated
transmission lines. Series compensation is required to improve
the voltage profile and reduce transmission losses of the
transmission lines. The work presented here aims to highlight the
potential causes, the system configurations and the methods that
are used to identify SSR. The main focus of the poster is to
outline frequency scan techniques that are based on the small
signal perturbation method. The analysis generally employs
Electro Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP). This technique
provides the spectrum of frequency response to resistance and
reactance. Finally, based on that we deduce the damping
provided by the system, and thereby the SSR risk to the project.
Index Terms—Frequency Scan; Subsynchronous Resonance
(SSR); Series compensation; Grid; Contingency; Perturbations;
Electro Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP)
I. INTRODUCTION
ITH the development and implementation of Series
compensation techniques improve the voltage profile,
the SSR phenomenon has attracted a lot attention.
It is further classified in classical Subsynchronous
Resonance (SSR), Subsynchronous Torsional Interactions
(SSTI) and Subsynchronous Control Interaction (SSCI).
When a series capacitor is added into a transmission line, it
creates a resonant frequency. This is not a problem as long as
energy is not injected at the resonant frequency. However, an
interconnection which injects power at the resonant frequency
can lead to severe damage to generation equipments
connected to the main grid system. Following the increased
events of SSR many regulatory authorities have made
mandatory screening studies to identify the possibility of
exposure to SSR and protection techniques to avoid any
possibilities for such occurrence. In general screening analysis
includes the frequency scan techniques [1], Small signal
analysis, Electromagnetic transient analysis, Admittance
matrix [2] methods.
1
The University Of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76013,USA
Email: hardik.parikh@mavs.uta.edu
2
Electric Power Engineers Inc., Austin, TX 78738, USA
Email:byancey@epeconsulting.com
II. FREQUENCY SCANNING TECHNIQUES FOR SSR
The frequency scan technique is one of the method to identify
SSR susceptibility. This technique considers small signal
perturbation method. Small signal current signals are injected
into the system under study. The screening analysis is
performed for turbine side and grid side to identify the natural
frequency response. The analysis considers the resistance and
reactance vs. frequency plots. The turbine side scan is shown
in Figure 1 and the grid side scan is shown in Figure 2. The
analysis focuses on reactance zero crossing event. The system
must have sufficient resistance to damp out any oscillation
that may happen at that point. If the system doesn’t have
sufficient resistance at that point; it may be subject to higher
SSR vulnerability. Detailed EMTP type models are also
developed for SSR study that considers system contingencies,
faults, shunt compensation and series compensation
configurations.
Fig. 1. Turbine side frequency scan (100% dispatch)
Fig. 2. Grid side frequency scan (N-1 contingency)
REFERENCES
[1] Sahni, M., Muthumuni, D., Badrzadeh, B., Gole, A., & Kulkarni, A.,
“Advanced screening techniques for sub-synchronous interaction in
wind farms,” in Transmission and Distribution Conference and
Exposition (T&D), 2012 IEEE PES (pp. 1-9).
[2] Badrzadeh, B., Sahni, M., Muthumuni, D., Zhou, Y., & Gole, A.,
“Sub-synchronous interaction in wind power plants—part I: Study tools
and techniques,” in Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012
IEEE (pp. 1-9).
Frequency Scanning Techniques for
Subsynchronous Resonance Screening Analysis
Hardik Parikh1
, Student Member, IEEE and Billy Yancey2
, Member, IEEE
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