Evolution of Cloud Computing

Evolution of Cloud
Computing
Nick Peterson, Director of Engineering

Our Story
Hosting industry veterans each averaging 8+ years of
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Providing reliable Infrastructure as a Service for high
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The History of Cloud Computing

What is Cloud Computing?
In the 1960s, John McCarthy, Douglas Parkhill, and others
explored the idea of computing as a public utility

Cloud computing is the use of commodity hardware and
software computing resources to delivered an infinite
elastic online public utility

Cloud computing service providers deliver products to
consumers using variations on the following models
● Software as a Service (SaaS)
● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
● Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Early Virtualization
In 1959, Christopher Strachey published a paper titled
“Time Sharing in Large Fast Computers” at UNESCO

In the late 1960s, the first hypervisors were developed at
IBM which provided full virtualization by allowing multiple
operating systems to run concurrently as virtual machines

In the 1974, Gerald Popek and Robert Goldberg published
an article titled "Formal Requirements for Virtualizable Third
Generation Architectures"

The Desktop Revolution
In the early 1970s, Ethernet was developed at Xerox
PARC, and in 1980 the IEEE started project 802

In the late 1970s, Bill Gates and Paul Allen form Microsoft
Corporation, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak form Apple
Computer Corporation, and Intel launches the 8086
microprocessor

Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, Apple launches
the Macintosh, Microsoft launches Windows, and Intel
launches the Pentium microprocessor

The Internet
In the late 1960s, J.C.R. Licklider inspired the ARPANET,
and in the early 1970s global networking becomes a reality

In the early 1980s, the TCP/IP suite emerges as the
protocol for ARPANET, and the Domain Name System
(DNS) establishes naming designations for websites

In the early 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee develops HTML,
CERN introduces the World Wide Web to the public, and
Netscape Communications creates the first web browser

In 1998, Larry Page and Sergey Brin change the way users
engage the Internet with the Google search engine

Software as a Service (SaaS)
Centralized hosting of business applications dates back to
the 1960s when IBM conducted a service bureau business
referred to as time-sharing or utility computing

The expansion of the Internet during the 1990s brought
about a new class of centralized computing, called
Application Service Providers (ASP)

In 1999, Salesforce.com was founded by Marc Benioff,
Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez as
a company specializing in CRM Software as a Service

Open Source
In 1983, Richard Stallman launched the GNU Project to write an
OS with free source code, and in 1989, the Free Software
Foundation released the GNU General Public License

In 1991, Linus Torvalds created the Linux kernel, and in 1992 it
was licensed under GNU General Public License

In 1994, Marc Ewing created the Redhat distribution of Linux

In 1997, Eric Raymond published "The Cathedral and the
Bazaar", and in 1998 it helped to motivate Netscape to release
their Communicator Internet suite as free software

In the late 1990s, startups used the Apache HTTP Server, and
the stack of Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP known as LAMP

Server Virtualization
In 1999, VMware introduced the first x86 virtualization
product, VMware Virtual Platform, for the Intel IA-32
architecture

In 2003, Xen the first open-source x86 hypervisor, created
by Ian Pratt and Simon Crosby, was released to the public

In 2005, Intel released two models of Pentium 4 (Model 662
and 672) as the first Intel processors to support VT-x

In 2007, the Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)
hypervisor, created in part by Avi Kivity and Moshe Bar,
was included in the Linux kernel

Storage Virtualization
In 1978, Norman Ken Ouchi at IBM invented the "System
for recovering data stored in failed memory unit."

In 1985, Sun Microsystems created NFS the first widely
used Internet Protocol based network file system

In 1987, RAID was defined by Patterson et al. at UC
Berkeley

In 1991, VxFS was released by Veritas Software, on which
the later Linux and HP-UX LVM implementations are based

Storage Virtualization (cont.)
In 2003, inspired by Google's File System (GFS), Doug
Cutting started the Hadoop project

In 2006, Amazon Web Services launched S3

In 2009, Rackspace started the development of Swift, a
complete replacement for Mosso Cloud Files that is now
the OpenStack Object Storage project

In 2012, AWS S3 reached one trillion objects stored

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
In the early 1990s, Web Hosting service providers began
hosting websites for businesses on the Internet

In the mid to late 1990s, Managed Hosting and Colocation
service providers began hosting Internet infrastructure

In 2006, Amazon launched S3 and EC2 (created by Willem
Van Biljon, Chris Pinkham, and Christopher Brown), and
created a new market for cloud computing

In 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA, led by Jonathan
Bryce, Rick Clark, Chris Kemp, and Joshua McKenty
launched the open source cloud initiative OpenStack

Agile
In the early 1970s, Tom Gilb started publishing the concepts of
Evolutionary Project Management (EVO)

In 1974, a paper by E. A. Edmonds introduced an adaptive
software development process

In the mid 1990s, Agile methods emerged as a reaction to
heavyweight project management methods

In 2001, 17 software developers published the Manifesto for
Agile Software Development

In 2005, a group headed by Alistair Cockburn and Jim Highsmith
wrote the Declaration of Interdependence

DevOps
In 1993, Mark Bugess created CFEngine and presented it in a
paper at the CERN computing conference

In 2005, Puppet Labs was founded by Luke Kanies

In 2008, the first Velocity conference was held by O’Reilly
Conferences, focusing on web performance and operations

In 2008, Jesse Robbins and Adam Jacob founded Opscode

In 2009, Patrick Debois started talking about DevOps, and the
first DevOpsDays event was held in Belgium

IT Megatrends
Social Media - interactions among people where they
create and share information and ideas in social networks

Mobile - ubiquitous smartphones built on mobile operating
systems transform the Internet

Consumerization - information technology emerges first in
the consumer market and then spreads to biz and gov

Big Data - every day we create 2.5 quintillion bytes of data

Cloud Computing - computing resources are delivered as
a service over the Internet

Hypercompetition
Seed Accelerator - startup incubator that takes in startups
of small teams to fund, mentor and train

Crowdfunding - collection of funds through small
contributions from many parties in order to finance a
particular project or venture

Business Agility - ability for business to adapt rapidly and
cost effectively to changing markets and conditions

Open Innovation - labs, competitions, and idea networks
from both inside and outside the firm to create and profit
from innovative technology

Disruption
"Six decades into the computer revolution, four decades
since the invention of the microprocessor, and two decades
into the rise of the modern Internet, all of the technology
required to transform industries through software finally
works and can be widely delivered at global scale."

-Marc Andreessen

Amazon, eBay, Craigslist, PayPal, Skype, Google,
Salesforce, PLOS, iTunes, LinkedIn, Netflix, AWS,
Facebook, OpenStack, KickStarter, AngelList ...

Reliability, Elasticity, & Performance
At NephoScale we have created a next generation cloud
hosting platform that is Reliable, Elastic, and Performant
● Software Defined Networking (SDN) supports tagged
VLANs, Multicast and Broadcast applications with GigE
connectivity between all virtual and dedicated servers
● Direct Attached Storage (DAS) guarantees high I/O
throughput block storage without the high cost
● Object Storage provides highly available network
accessible file storage
● KVM hypervisor fast and secure multi-tenant compute
● BareMetal w/ SSD single-tenant compute

Build Your Own Private Data Center
With NephoScale you are not limited to a one size fits all
approach
● 10 GigE networking for high performance computing
applications
● BareMetal Servers w/ SSD for Big Data applications
● Private Rack Available
● Bursting into the NephoScale Public Cloud

Orchestration, DevOps, & Agility
NephoScale is a next generation cloud hosting platform
built from the ground-up by developers and operations folks
like you with ease-of-use, automation and orchestration in
mind as first class citizens
● CloudScript, the first of its kind, is a DSL for building
and managing the application infrastructure lifecycle
● RESTful API, infrastructure resource management API
that adheres to REST architectural principles
● Customer Portal includes a single pane infrastructure
view, ObjectStor explorer, and IDE for CloudScript

Startup Programs
NephoScale offers a number of ways to get started, all you
need is a credit card to sign-up for free services
● 1-Year Free Trial
● 30-Day Free Trial
● Startup Kick-Start
● Incubator / Accelerator / University Technology Partners

Incubator / Accelerator Partners

@NephoScale
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info@nephoscale.com
855-637-4679
+1-408-599-7008

Evolution of Cloud Computing

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