This document discusses error detection and correction in data transmission. It describes single-bit errors, where one bit is corrupted, and burst errors, where multiple contiguous bits are corrupted. Error detection allows a receiver to detect if errors occurred, while error correction identifies the exact corrupted bits. Redundant bits are added to messages to enable detection and correction. Methods include forward error correction, retransmission, block coding, and convolution coding. Block coding divides messages into blocks with redundant bits added, creating codewords that allow error detection if a codeword is invalid.