This document provides information about an up-to-date illustrated dictionary of fiber and textile technology published by Celanese Acetate. The dictionary contains over 2000 entries covering topics such as advanced materials, new fiber-forming polymers, metric conversions, abbreviations, and yarn numbering systems. Contact information is provided for Celanese Acetate to obtain information about purchasing the dictionary. A foreword outlines the history and purpose of the dictionary as a reference for textile terminology, with an emphasis on manufactured fibers.
This document discusses denim fabric and faults in rope dyeing. It begins with an introduction to denim, its properties and classifications. It then describes the rope dyeing process and compares it to slasher dyeing. The document identifies common faults in various textile processes like warping, dyeing, sizing, and weaving. For each fault, it provides the potential causes and recommended remedies. Diagrams are included to illustrate some example faults like bent picks or tight ends. In conclusion, the document expresses gratitude for learning about denim dyeing processes.
Garment dyeing is a process that applies color to grey garments. It allows for flexibility in dye shades and finishes as well as quick response to changing fashion trends. There are various techniques used for garment dyeing including tie dyeing, dip dyeing, spray dyeing, tinting, over dyeing, cold dyeing, and top dyeing. Garment dyeing has advantages like flexibility and low inventory but also has disadvantages like higher rejection rates and poorer color reproducibility compared to fabric dyeing.
(Over Dyeing) to dye for a second or third time with a different color. Over dyeing is such a rewarding way of rescuing an ugly or unsatisfactory colored cloth. It gives uneven look. sometimes over dyeing doesn’t mean all-time dyeing the garment which is previously dyed. Over dyeing may be normal dyeing or piece dyeing process.
This document is an assignment submission for a course on testing textiles. It describes an experiment conducted on a Yarn Lea Strength Tester to determine the strength of a cotton yarn sample. The experiment found that the yarn strength was 79.32 lbs/lea and the Count Strength Product (CSP) was 2379.6. Since the CSP was greater than the standard of 2200, the document concludes that the yarn sample had good strength fibers.
Seam slippage is when a sewn seam opens under load and some of the opening remains even after the load is removed. It can be caused by loosely woven fabric, not using enough stitches per inch, poor stitch balance, or having too narrow of a seam margin. When two pieces of fabric are pulled at right angles to the seam, it can reveal a gap between the pieces called a seam grin, showing the thread in the gap. Proper testing can identify issues with seam slippage.
This document discusses continuous dyeing machines. It begins by defining dyeing as imparting color to textiles and describing continuous dyeing as a process where textiles are fed continuously through different stages. There are three main types of continuous dyeing machines: 1) pad-steam processes which involve padding, steaming, and washing; 2) pad-dry processes involving padding, drying, and washing; and 3) thermosol processes using high temperatures around 180-220°C to dye with disperse dyes. Common manufacturers of continuous dyeing machines include Benninger and Shanghai Singularity machines. In conclusion, continuous dyeing machines can efficiently dye textiles at high speeds between 50 to 250 meters per minute and account for around
This document discusses garment dyeing, including the process, necessary preparations, equipment used, techniques, and advantages/disadvantages. It explains that garment dyeing involves dyeing fully constructed garments. Proper fabric and thread selection is important to ensure uniform dyeing and shrinkage. Common dyeing machines include paddle machines and rotary drums. Techniques include tie dyeing, dip dyeing, spray dyeing, and others. Garment dyeing allows for flexibility but has higher costs and quality risks compared to pre-dyed fabrics.
This document discusses denim fabric and faults in rope dyeing. It begins with an introduction to denim, its properties and classifications. It then describes the rope dyeing process and compares it to slasher dyeing. The document identifies common faults in various textile processes like warping, dyeing, sizing, and weaving. For each fault, it provides the potential causes and recommended remedies. Diagrams are included to illustrate some example faults like bent picks or tight ends. In conclusion, the document expresses gratitude for learning about denim dyeing processes.
Garment dyeing is a process that applies color to grey garments. It allows for flexibility in dye shades and finishes as well as quick response to changing fashion trends. There are various techniques used for garment dyeing including tie dyeing, dip dyeing, spray dyeing, tinting, over dyeing, cold dyeing, and top dyeing. Garment dyeing has advantages like flexibility and low inventory but also has disadvantages like higher rejection rates and poorer color reproducibility compared to fabric dyeing.
(Over Dyeing) to dye for a second or third time with a different color. Over dyeing is such a rewarding way of rescuing an ugly or unsatisfactory colored cloth. It gives uneven look. sometimes over dyeing doesn’t mean all-time dyeing the garment which is previously dyed. Over dyeing may be normal dyeing or piece dyeing process.
This document is an assignment submission for a course on testing textiles. It describes an experiment conducted on a Yarn Lea Strength Tester to determine the strength of a cotton yarn sample. The experiment found that the yarn strength was 79.32 lbs/lea and the Count Strength Product (CSP) was 2379.6. Since the CSP was greater than the standard of 2200, the document concludes that the yarn sample had good strength fibers.
Seam slippage is when a sewn seam opens under load and some of the opening remains even after the load is removed. It can be caused by loosely woven fabric, not using enough stitches per inch, poor stitch balance, or having too narrow of a seam margin. When two pieces of fabric are pulled at right angles to the seam, it can reveal a gap between the pieces called a seam grin, showing the thread in the gap. Proper testing can identify issues with seam slippage.
This document discusses continuous dyeing machines. It begins by defining dyeing as imparting color to textiles and describing continuous dyeing as a process where textiles are fed continuously through different stages. There are three main types of continuous dyeing machines: 1) pad-steam processes which involve padding, steaming, and washing; 2) pad-dry processes involving padding, drying, and washing; and 3) thermosol processes using high temperatures around 180-220°C to dye with disperse dyes. Common manufacturers of continuous dyeing machines include Benninger and Shanghai Singularity machines. In conclusion, continuous dyeing machines can efficiently dye textiles at high speeds between 50 to 250 meters per minute and account for around
This document discusses garment dyeing, including the process, necessary preparations, equipment used, techniques, and advantages/disadvantages. It explains that garment dyeing involves dyeing fully constructed garments. Proper fabric and thread selection is important to ensure uniform dyeing and shrinkage. Common dyeing machines include paddle machines and rotary drums. Techniques include tie dyeing, dip dyeing, spray dyeing, and others. Garment dyeing allows for flexibility but has higher costs and quality risks compared to pre-dyed fabrics.
This senior project report discusses dyeing methods for polyester/cotton blend fabrics. Specifically, it examines a one-bath dyeing process where the fabric is pretreated using an azeotropic solvent mixture to improve dyeing results. The report provides background on cotton and polyester fibers as well as their properties. It also reviews literature on traditional two-bath dyeing methods and more recent research on one-bath dyeing processes. The objective is to establish a new one-bath dyeing method for blends by pretreatment with a solvent mixture to make the process more efficient.
Quality is a relative term. It means customer needs is to be satisfied. Quality is of prime importance in any aspect of business. Customers demand and expect value for money. As producers of apparel there must be a constant endeavor to produce work of good quality. To assess the quality of textile product Textile Testing is very important work or process. Testing In response to ever-changing governmental regulations and the ever-increasing consumer demand for high quality, softlines testing and textile testing help to minimize risk and protect the interest of both manufacturers and consumers. It is important that testing is not undertaken without adding some benefit to the final product.
Printing means localized application of dyes on the fabric according to design. For printing it is required to produce printing paste. Printing Paste is a viscous paste which is made from pigments, thickeners and many of chemical. A good printing paste is mainly responsible for good printing effect. So it is very important to make a printing paste. There are different types of ingredients are used to make printing paste
Generally following ingredients are used in printing paste:
Dyestuffs or pigment.
Wetting agents.
Thickener.
Solvents dispersing agents.
Defoaming agents.
Oxidizing and reducing agents.
Catalyst and oxygen carrier.
Acid and alkali.
Career and swelling agent.
Miscellaneous agent
This document profiles two textile companies - Alim Knitwear Ltd and GMS Composite Knitting Industries Ltd. It then provides details on common faults that occur during various stages of textile production including yarn manufacturing, knitting, dyeing, printing, and garment assembly. For each type of fault, the causes and recommended remedies are outlined. Diagrams display the most common faults and most effective remedies for different stages of production. The document aims to help textile workers address issues that lower production capacity.
The document provides information about circular knitting machines. It defines knitting as transforming yarn into interlocking loops. Circular knitting creates seamless tubes using circular needles or machines. Machine parts include the frame, power supply, yarn feeding system, and quality control components. Circular knitting machines are used to produce fabrics for various garments and other materials. Modern machines feature computer controls to monitor functions like speed and stops.
The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
The document provides an overview of different textile manufacturing processes, focusing on fabric coloration methods. It discusses the two main methods - dyeing and printing. For dyeing, it describes different dye types and dyeing processes like direct dyeing, stock dyeing, yarn dyeing, and piece dyeing. It provides details on each process and the types of fabrics they are suited for. The summary highlights the key coloration methods covered in the document.
Dyeing fault causes and remedies
Dyeing Fault:
Uneven dyeing:
Causes
•Due to improper pretreatment.
• Very rapid addition of dyes and chemicals.
• Lack of controlling dyeing parameters
Remedies
•Check addition of dyes and chemicals are at a steadily
increasing rate.
•Proper pretreatments.
•Check the rope turnover time.
•Proper washing after dyeing.
Running shade:
Causes
•Machine loading is higher.
•Running at lower nozzle pressure.
•High bath draining temperature.
Remedies
•Proper cycle time should be ensured.
•Nozzle pressure should be accurate.
•Bath draining temperature should be moderate.
The document summarizes the working principle and components of a carding machine. It describes the key zones - feed roller taker-in zone, taker-in cylinder zone, cylinder-flat zone, and cylinder-doffer zone. It explains the stripping, carding, and doffing actions that take place between different components to open, clean, and form fibers into a web. Characteristics of card sliver and factors that affect card clothing effectiveness are also summarized.
1. The document provides an overview of topics a textile engineer needs to be familiar with, including textile fibers, yarn making, dye types and processes, wet processing ingredients, and fabric properties.
2. It defines key terms like fiber, yarn count systems, GSM measurement, types of dyes and their applications, and discusses processes like spinning, weaving, knitting and dyeing.
3. Common tests for fiber identification and properties of different fibers are also summarized.
The document summarizes an internship report submitted by Rohit Singh to Ashok Pandey at Alps Industries Limited from June 11 to July 10, 2018. It includes acknowledgements, details about the company history and various departments, and a description of the processing, dyeing, and finishing departments. The key departments discussed are processing (singeing, RFD), dyeing (jigger, jet, soft flow machines), and finishing (mechanical and other processes like hot melt).
This document discusses the relationship between gram per square meter (GSM), yarn count, stitch length, and fabric construction. It provides data on the GSM, yarn count, and stitch length of various knit fabrics including single jersey, interlock, rib fabrics, pique, fleece, and more. The conclusion emphasizes that GSM can vary according to yarn count for the same fabric type. Finished GSM, yarn count, and stitch length are interrelated and important specifications for knit fabric production.
Singeing is a process that burns off small fibers and fuzz from fabric surfaces to make them smoother. It helps prevent pilling, improves dyeing and appearance, and increases luster. There are three main types of singeing machines: plate, roller, and gas machines. Gas machines are most common and use burners to singe fabric as it passes through. Proper singeing requires controlling flame intensity, fabric speed, distance to flames, and other parameters to completely remove fibers without damaging the fabric. Issues like uneven singeing can result from moisture, flame or machine inconsistencies.
The document discusses different types of fabric packaging and spreading methods. It describes 5 types of piece goods packaging: 1) open face rolled, 2) tubular knitted fabric rolled, 3) folded fabric rolled, 4) folded fabrics, and 5) velvet-hanging. It also discusses various methods of fabric spreading including manual, semi-automatic, and fully automated spreading. Key aspects of spreading like fabric lays, splicing, and types of spreading tables including pin tables, air floatation tables, turntable tables, and vacuum tables are summarized. Quality requirements for defect-free spreading such as ply alignment, tension, and elimination of static electricity are also covered.
This PPT are used for textile engineering students, textile technology who takes textile testing courses. the PPt prepared from different books and NPTEL textile engineering web site.
This document provides the calculations to determine the daily production rate of a knitting machine given various machine specifications and operating parameters. It first calculates the production rate of a single machine as 4.97 kg/day with 54 feeders. It then scales this up to the total production rate across all feeders of 228.123 kg/day at 85% efficiency. It also provides an alternative calculation method reaching the same result and examples for calculating production rates using different machine specifications.
Garment dyeing involves dyeing fully fashioned garments rather than constructing them from pre-dyed fabrics. It provides flexibility for fast changing fashion trends. The document discusses factors to consider for garment dyeing such as fabric selection, accessories, sewing threads and dyeing machinery. Paddle machines and rotary drums are commonly used dyeing machines. Paddle machines use paddles to gently move garments through the dye liquor while rotary drums rotate perforated drums of garments through a stationary dye bath. Proper fabric preparation, accessory selection, and dyeing parameters are required for optimal garment dyeing results.
This document provides a review of coating and lamination processes and applications in the textile industry. It discusses various coating methods like direct coating, foamed coating, transfer coating, hot melt extrusion coating, and calender coating. It also discusses coating formulations using polymers like PVC, PU, acrylic and their applications in products like waterproof clothing, tarpaulins, upholstery, and more. Recent developments discussed include phase change materials and conductive coatings. In summary, the document reviews coating and lamination techniques, formulations and applications in textiles as well as recent innovations in the field.
Organizations are social units structured to meet goals. They have management hierarchies that divide roles and responsibilities. Organizational politics refers to how competing interests are reconciled through non-rational processes. Authority is a manager's right to issue orders and see compliance, and comes from traditional norms, legal positions, or charisma. Power is the ability to influence others and make concerns count, and can involve coercion, rewards, or legitimacy. In organizations, politics involves maneuvering for responsibilities, rewards, and resources through impression management, extra-role relationships, coalitions, and bargaining.
This senior project report discusses dyeing methods for polyester/cotton blend fabrics. Specifically, it examines a one-bath dyeing process where the fabric is pretreated using an azeotropic solvent mixture to improve dyeing results. The report provides background on cotton and polyester fibers as well as their properties. It also reviews literature on traditional two-bath dyeing methods and more recent research on one-bath dyeing processes. The objective is to establish a new one-bath dyeing method for blends by pretreatment with a solvent mixture to make the process more efficient.
Quality is a relative term. It means customer needs is to be satisfied. Quality is of prime importance in any aspect of business. Customers demand and expect value for money. As producers of apparel there must be a constant endeavor to produce work of good quality. To assess the quality of textile product Textile Testing is very important work or process. Testing In response to ever-changing governmental regulations and the ever-increasing consumer demand for high quality, softlines testing and textile testing help to minimize risk and protect the interest of both manufacturers and consumers. It is important that testing is not undertaken without adding some benefit to the final product.
Printing means localized application of dyes on the fabric according to design. For printing it is required to produce printing paste. Printing Paste is a viscous paste which is made from pigments, thickeners and many of chemical. A good printing paste is mainly responsible for good printing effect. So it is very important to make a printing paste. There are different types of ingredients are used to make printing paste
Generally following ingredients are used in printing paste:
Dyestuffs or pigment.
Wetting agents.
Thickener.
Solvents dispersing agents.
Defoaming agents.
Oxidizing and reducing agents.
Catalyst and oxygen carrier.
Acid and alkali.
Career and swelling agent.
Miscellaneous agent
This document profiles two textile companies - Alim Knitwear Ltd and GMS Composite Knitting Industries Ltd. It then provides details on common faults that occur during various stages of textile production including yarn manufacturing, knitting, dyeing, printing, and garment assembly. For each type of fault, the causes and recommended remedies are outlined. Diagrams display the most common faults and most effective remedies for different stages of production. The document aims to help textile workers address issues that lower production capacity.
The document provides information about circular knitting machines. It defines knitting as transforming yarn into interlocking loops. Circular knitting creates seamless tubes using circular needles or machines. Machine parts include the frame, power supply, yarn feeding system, and quality control components. Circular knitting machines are used to produce fabrics for various garments and other materials. Modern machines feature computer controls to monitor functions like speed and stops.
The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
The document provides an overview of different textile manufacturing processes, focusing on fabric coloration methods. It discusses the two main methods - dyeing and printing. For dyeing, it describes different dye types and dyeing processes like direct dyeing, stock dyeing, yarn dyeing, and piece dyeing. It provides details on each process and the types of fabrics they are suited for. The summary highlights the key coloration methods covered in the document.
Dyeing fault causes and remedies
Dyeing Fault:
Uneven dyeing:
Causes
•Due to improper pretreatment.
• Very rapid addition of dyes and chemicals.
• Lack of controlling dyeing parameters
Remedies
•Check addition of dyes and chemicals are at a steadily
increasing rate.
•Proper pretreatments.
•Check the rope turnover time.
•Proper washing after dyeing.
Running shade:
Causes
•Machine loading is higher.
•Running at lower nozzle pressure.
•High bath draining temperature.
Remedies
•Proper cycle time should be ensured.
•Nozzle pressure should be accurate.
•Bath draining temperature should be moderate.
The document summarizes the working principle and components of a carding machine. It describes the key zones - feed roller taker-in zone, taker-in cylinder zone, cylinder-flat zone, and cylinder-doffer zone. It explains the stripping, carding, and doffing actions that take place between different components to open, clean, and form fibers into a web. Characteristics of card sliver and factors that affect card clothing effectiveness are also summarized.
1. The document provides an overview of topics a textile engineer needs to be familiar with, including textile fibers, yarn making, dye types and processes, wet processing ingredients, and fabric properties.
2. It defines key terms like fiber, yarn count systems, GSM measurement, types of dyes and their applications, and discusses processes like spinning, weaving, knitting and dyeing.
3. Common tests for fiber identification and properties of different fibers are also summarized.
The document summarizes an internship report submitted by Rohit Singh to Ashok Pandey at Alps Industries Limited from June 11 to July 10, 2018. It includes acknowledgements, details about the company history and various departments, and a description of the processing, dyeing, and finishing departments. The key departments discussed are processing (singeing, RFD), dyeing (jigger, jet, soft flow machines), and finishing (mechanical and other processes like hot melt).
This document discusses the relationship between gram per square meter (GSM), yarn count, stitch length, and fabric construction. It provides data on the GSM, yarn count, and stitch length of various knit fabrics including single jersey, interlock, rib fabrics, pique, fleece, and more. The conclusion emphasizes that GSM can vary according to yarn count for the same fabric type. Finished GSM, yarn count, and stitch length are interrelated and important specifications for knit fabric production.
Singeing is a process that burns off small fibers and fuzz from fabric surfaces to make them smoother. It helps prevent pilling, improves dyeing and appearance, and increases luster. There are three main types of singeing machines: plate, roller, and gas machines. Gas machines are most common and use burners to singe fabric as it passes through. Proper singeing requires controlling flame intensity, fabric speed, distance to flames, and other parameters to completely remove fibers without damaging the fabric. Issues like uneven singeing can result from moisture, flame or machine inconsistencies.
The document discusses different types of fabric packaging and spreading methods. It describes 5 types of piece goods packaging: 1) open face rolled, 2) tubular knitted fabric rolled, 3) folded fabric rolled, 4) folded fabrics, and 5) velvet-hanging. It also discusses various methods of fabric spreading including manual, semi-automatic, and fully automated spreading. Key aspects of spreading like fabric lays, splicing, and types of spreading tables including pin tables, air floatation tables, turntable tables, and vacuum tables are summarized. Quality requirements for defect-free spreading such as ply alignment, tension, and elimination of static electricity are also covered.
This PPT are used for textile engineering students, textile technology who takes textile testing courses. the PPt prepared from different books and NPTEL textile engineering web site.
This document provides the calculations to determine the daily production rate of a knitting machine given various machine specifications and operating parameters. It first calculates the production rate of a single machine as 4.97 kg/day with 54 feeders. It then scales this up to the total production rate across all feeders of 228.123 kg/day at 85% efficiency. It also provides an alternative calculation method reaching the same result and examples for calculating production rates using different machine specifications.
Garment dyeing involves dyeing fully fashioned garments rather than constructing them from pre-dyed fabrics. It provides flexibility for fast changing fashion trends. The document discusses factors to consider for garment dyeing such as fabric selection, accessories, sewing threads and dyeing machinery. Paddle machines and rotary drums are commonly used dyeing machines. Paddle machines use paddles to gently move garments through the dye liquor while rotary drums rotate perforated drums of garments through a stationary dye bath. Proper fabric preparation, accessory selection, and dyeing parameters are required for optimal garment dyeing results.
This document provides a review of coating and lamination processes and applications in the textile industry. It discusses various coating methods like direct coating, foamed coating, transfer coating, hot melt extrusion coating, and calender coating. It also discusses coating formulations using polymers like PVC, PU, acrylic and their applications in products like waterproof clothing, tarpaulins, upholstery, and more. Recent developments discussed include phase change materials and conductive coatings. In summary, the document reviews coating and lamination techniques, formulations and applications in textiles as well as recent innovations in the field.
Organizations are social units structured to meet goals. They have management hierarchies that divide roles and responsibilities. Organizational politics refers to how competing interests are reconciled through non-rational processes. Authority is a manager's right to issue orders and see compliance, and comes from traditional norms, legal positions, or charisma. Power is the ability to influence others and make concerns count, and can involve coercion, rewards, or legitimacy. In organizations, politics involves maneuvering for responsibilities, rewards, and resources through impression management, extra-role relationships, coalitions, and bargaining.
The document lists different types of darts used in sewing patterns including shoulder darts, neck darts, center front darts, French darts, side seam darts, underarm darts, and armhole darts. It also lists basic adult bodice, skirt, and trouser patterns. The document appears to be a report submitted by a student named Amrita Rastogi to her professor Varun Mehrotra for a class project related to computer aided design.
Textiles history, properties and performance and applicationsHussain Khan
The document discusses the history, properties, performance, and applications of textiles, specifically focusing on textiles used for apparel. It provides an overview of the book, which contains 22 chapters written by experts on various topics related to textile chemistry research and applications, including vintage fashion, sustainable denim, digital textile printing, smart textiles, and more. The book aims to cover the latest developments in the field of textiles for those interested or engaged in textile science and technology.
This document provides information on various man-made fibers, including their typical compositions, spinning methods used to produce them, and key properties. It defines generic names for different fiber types and lists their primary components. The document also compares properties such as absorbency, heat resistance, effects of acids and solvents, and strength of different man-made fibers. Additionally, it provides details on rayon composition and characteristics.
The document provides an in-depth analysis of the personality traits and characteristics of Aries women. It describes Aries women as independent, ambitious, passionate in love once committed, but also prone to rash decisions and expecting equal sharing from their partners. Aries women admire strength but also have vulnerable moments when they need comforting. They want companionship from their partners but also have their own interests and drive.
This document describes a study that performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and laboratory experiments to analyze the air flow induced by an air-jet loom's sub-nozzle. The study included measuring the velocity field around a sub-nozzle using a hot-wire probe, measuring the drag force on thread in the nozzle's flow, determining the mass flow rate at the nozzle inlet for the CFD model, and simulating the flow field with two different mesh densities. The results showed that the measured and simulated velocities were converging with a finer mesh but grid independence was not achieved. There was also a large discrepancy between measured and simulated drag forces, indicating the drag force model needs reconsideration.
What if Process Safety risks were as visible as Health and Safety Risks?Amor Group
This document discusses making process safety risks more visible through key performance indicators (KPIs). It suggests reviewing existing KPIs against industry guidance, measuring KPIs more frequently including automation, and ensuring the right people have access to KPI results. Real-time visibility of operational indicators and safety systems was highlighted as important for avoiding incidents. Alignment of data sources and a phased approach to implementation was advised. Benefits realized by other organizations include improved plant availability and reduced costs.
Best Practices in Major Incident ManagementxMatters Inc
This report examines the challenges and best practices
for automating the communication process to resolve
major IT incidents as quickly and effectively as possible.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Managerial Economics. The syllabus covers 6 units: 1) Managerial economics: Meaning, nature and scope; 2) Demand Analysis; 3) Cost Concepts; 4) Production Functions; 5) Profit; 6) National Income. It then provides more detail on the contents, which include nature and scope of managerial economics, demand analysis, cost concepts, production function, profit, and national income.
This document discusses beat-up mechanisms used in weaving looms. It covers the motion of the reed, which performs important functions like holding warp ends in place and beating woven weft threads against the fabric. The document describes different types of mechanisms that provide the reciprocating motion of the reed, including link-type and cam-operated mechanisms. It also discusses factors that affect the motion of the reed, such as sley eccentricity ratio, and how the motion can be optimized for better shuttle passage and weft beating.
This chapter provides an introduction to production and operations management. It discusses the historical evolution and key concepts of production, production systems, production management, and operations management. The chapter outlines the scope of production and operations management and how it is managing global operations. It concludes with exercises for students to practice the concepts and a caselet for real-world application.
This document discusses different types of interlinings used in garment construction and their application methods. There are two main types of interlinings - sewn and fusible. Fusible interlinings are attached using heat and pressure to fuse a resin coating. The document describes various fusible interlining materials and coating types, as well as advantages of fusible interlinings over sewn for mass production. Flat bed and continuous machines are introduced as methods to fuse interlinings, with different heating, pressure and speed controls for each. Quality control factors like temperature, pressure and bonding strength are also outlined.
The document discusses the histology of oral mucosa and gingiva. It describes the epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, and organization of oral mucosa. The epithelium can be keratinized or non-keratinized. Gingiva specifically surrounds the teeth and consists of free gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papillae. The document provides detailed information on the structure and layers of oral mucosa and gingiva.
Petronas health, safety and environment guidelines (HSE)Easwaran Kanason
This document outlines PETRONAS' procedures and guidelines for managing health, safety, and environment (HSE) in upstream petroleum operations. It requires contractors to have a documented health, safety, and environment management system (HSEMS) that meets PETRONAS' requirements. The HSEMS must be integrated into all phases of exploration and production and address elements like leadership commitment, risk management, emergency planning, performance monitoring, and regular reviews. The document also details PETRONAS' inspection and audit rights and contractors' obligations around incident reporting and key performance indicators.
The document provides information on the anatomy and histology of various structures in the oral cavity including:
- Bone tissue including the bundle bone, interstitial tissue space, Haversian system, and differences between compact and spongy bone.
- Gingival epithelium such as the stratified squamous keratinized epithelium and sulcular epithelium.
- Other structures like the vermilion border of the lip, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and the hard and soft palates.
- The tongue including the different types of papillae (filiform, fungiform, foliate, circumvallate) and taste buds.
- Major and minor
This document provides information on the physical properties of several natural and man-made fibers, including rayon, acrylic, nylon, polyester, acetate, polypropylene, polyethylene, silk, asbestos, cotton, linen, jute, wool. For each fiber, it describes composition, microscopic appearance, length, color, luster, strength, elasticity, resilience, moisture absorption, heat properties, flammability, electrical conductivity and specific gravity. The document is intended to educate the reader on how the physical characteristics of these fibers differ and impact their uses.
This document provides information about an up-to-date illustrated dictionary of fiber and textile technology published by Celanese Acetate. The dictionary contains over 2000 entries covering topics such as advanced materials, aerospace textiles, geotextiles, new fiber-forming polymers, SI metric and tex system conversions, abbreviations and symbols, and yarn numbering systems. It is intended to be a convenient reference for textile terminology, with an emphasis on manufactured fibers including what they are, how they are made, and how they are used. The dictionary is updated periodically to cover recent developments in fiber and textile technology.
Acetate fiber under the following topics: Chemical structures monomers used, ...Amare Worku
Acetate is a cellulose-based fiber produced from cotton or wood pulp. It is made through a process of acetylation where hydroxyl groups on cellulose are replaced with acetyl groups. Acetate fibers can be diacetate, where 74-92% of hydroxyl groups are acetylated, or triacetate, where over 92% are acetylated. The raw materials are cellulose, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride. Acetate is soluble in acetone and dry spun through spinnerets into fibers. It is used in apparel, home textiles, and industrial applications like cigarette filters due to its good filtration properties. Acetate has properties like good drape and l
Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from acrylonitrile monomers. They can be produced through wet or dry spinning processes. Some key properties of acrylic fibers include moisture wicking, warmth, softness, resilience, and UV and chemical resistance. Major uses of acrylic fibers include apparel like sweaters and socks, home furnishings like blankets and upholstery, and industrial applications like asbestos replacement. The global acrylic fiber market is expected to grow steadily due to demand in Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and Latin America for acrylic fiber's moisture management properties and blending capabilities.
Elastomeric fibers are fibers that can stretch to very high elongations (400-800%) and rapidly recover their original length. They include fibers made from natural and synthetic rubbers as well as spandex and polyacrylates. Elastomeric fibers are produced via a spinning process where polymers are mixed and reacted to form long chains, then extruded through spinnerets into a water bath or air to solidify. The fibers have excellent elasticity and strength even at high elongations. Common applications include clothing, automotive and industrial parts, coatings and more where elasticity is required.
garments---Effect of blent ratio on quality of polyester/cotton yarnsApurba Adhikary
This document provides an introduction and overview of a project presentation on the effect of blend ratio on the quality of polyester/cotton yarns. The project aims to compare different blend ratios in terms of yarn quality parameters to determine the best quality blended yarn. Literature on cotton, polyester, and blended fibers is reviewed, including properties, objectives of blending, and blending types. The document outlines the project structure, which involves testing polyester/cotton blend yarns against 100% cotton yarn across quality metrics like CVm%, strength, and hairiness.
Man made fiber formation and regenerated fibersBademaw Abate
This document provides an overview of man-made fiber formation and regenerated fibers. It discusses the basic principles of fiber manufacturing, including converting the fiber-forming substance into a fluid and extruding it through spinnerets. Melt spinning and solution spinning methods are described. Regenerated fibers like viscose rayon and cellulose acetate are examined, outlining their production processes and key properties. Viscose rayon is made through wet spinning cellulose into a viscose solution, while acetate is produced via dry spinning after acetylating cellulose. Their uses include clothing, home goods, and industrial applications.
Cellulose acetate is produced from cellulose sources like cotton linters, wood pulp. The cellulose is treated with chemicals to produce cellulose acetate or triacetate fibers. For manufacturing, the cellulose acetate is dissolved in acetone and forced through spinnerets into warm air to dry, forming filaments. There are two types of cellulose acetate fabrics: acetate and triacetate, which differ in their chemical composition. Cellulose acetate fibers are used to make fabrics like taffeta, satin, jersey and lace. The fabrics are resistant to mildew and moths, but can be weakened by sunlight. They are usually dry cleaned but some fabrics can be machine washed.
Nylon, rayon, and acrylic are three common synthetic fibers. Nylon is strong, elastic, and resistant to damage from chemicals and oil. It is produced through polymerization and used in clothing, carpets, and tires. Rayon is made from regenerated cellulose through a process involving cellulose, xanthation, and dissolving. It is absorbent, easy to dye, and used in clothing, home furnishings, and medical supplies. Acrylic is a synthetic fiber often used as a wool substitute. It is strong, warm, and resistant to sunlight damage. It is produced through polymerization of acrylonitrile and used in sweaters, carpets, and boat covers.
Polyester is a synthetic polymer made from petroleum-based raw materials. It was first developed in the 1940s and commercialized in the 1950s under the name Dacron. The document provides details on the history, manufacturing process, properties, uses, care instructions, and future developments of polyester fiber. It summarizes the key characteristics that make polyester durable, wrinkle and stain resistant, and easy to care for in clothing and other applications.
The document is a presentation on textiles and man-made fibers from Southeast University in Bangladesh. It includes sections on textile fibers and their classification, properties of man-made fibers and how their chemical structure influences these properties. It also discusses various spinning processes like melt, dry, and wet spinning and manufacturing processes for specific fibers like viscose and cuprammonium rayon.
Man made fiber spinnning technology and commonly used man made fiber producti...Bademaw Abate
This document provides an overview of man-made fiber formation and regenerated fibers. It discusses the basic principles of fiber manufacturing including converting the fiber-forming substance into a fluid and extruding it through spinnerets. Melt spinning and solution spinning methods are described. Regenerated fibers like viscose rayon and cellulose acetate are discussed, including their manufacturing processes. Properties and uses of various fibers like polyester, nylon 6, and nylon 6,6 are also summarized.
This document discusses the fundamentals of textiles and classification of fibers. It covers natural, regenerated, and synthetic man-made fibers. The key fiber production processes of melt, dry, and wet spinning are compared. Melt spinning involves melting the polymer and extruding filaments. Dry spinning uses solvent evaporation. Wet spinning hardens the filaments through chemical coagulation in a bath. Viscose rayon and lyocell manufacturing processes are also outlined.
Polyester is a synthetic polymer made from petroleum-based raw materials through a process of polymerization. It is strong, wrinkle and stain resistant, and retains its shape well. Common forms of polyester include filament, staple, tow, and fiberfill. It is widely used in clothing, home furnishings like carpets and curtains, and other applications like tires and hoses due to its desirable properties. Researchers are working on developing more sustainable and biodegradable forms of polyester.
Wrinkle free resin finishing is a process to apply chemical resin onto fabrics functioning crosslinking between hydrogen bonds in order to enhance stability, on other words, fabrics are prevent to wrinkling. The ability of a fabric to recover to a definite degree is called crease recovery of the fabric.Tendency of fabrics made by cellulose, regenerated cellulose and blends with synthetic fibers to wrinkle after washing, tumble drying and wearing are higher. Today everybody wishes for that his/her dress retains just ironed shape. Wrinkle free finishes provide wrinkle free and soft look fabric. Wrinkle free finishes are broadly used in the textile industry to impart wrinkle-resistance to cellulosic materials such as cotton fabric.
This document provides information about nonwoven fabrics, including definitions, history, production processes, characteristics, uses, and the roles of industry associations. It defines nonwoven fabrics as sheet materials made from long fibers bonded together without weaving or knitting. The production of nonwovens began in the 19th century and expanded commercially in the mid-20th century. Key points covered include the main steps of nonwoven production, common fiber materials, properties such as absorbency and strength, and applications in areas like filtration, hygiene, medical, furniture, and automotive. Industry associations that support the development of nonwovens are also mentioned.
This document summarizes a study on the functional properties of silk and polyester/lyocell mixed fabric. The study analyzed fabrics made of 100% silk as well as fabrics with silk as the warp and a 50/50 blend of polyester and lyocell as the weft. The fabrics were dyed with natural dyes like indigo and kumkum as well as synthetic dyes. Tests were conducted to analyze properties like absorbency, water retention, wicking, water vapor permeability, air permeability, colorfastness, and antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the silk mixed fabric performed comparably to 100% silk fabric for many properties relevant in applications like sarees.
This document summarizes the process of dry spinning cellulose acetate fibers. It begins with defining dry spinning as using air to evaporate a volatile solvent after extruding a polymer solution through a spinneret. It then discusses the raw materials, including cellulose, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride. The process involves partially hydrolyzing cellulose with these compounds to produce cellulose acetate, dissolving it and extruding the solution through a spinneret where air evaporates the solvent to form solid fibers. The fibers can then be stretched and oriented to increase strength before being spun into fiber. The fibers have various applications including fabrics, cigarette filters, and water purification membranes.
This presentation provides an overview of different types of textile fibres, including their properties and uses. It discusses natural fibres like cotton, silk and wool as well as man-made fibres such as rayon, polyamide, polyester, and acrylic. For each fibre, the document outlines the key physical and chemical properties, manufacturing processes, and common applications. The presentation is intended to educate about the different fibre sources and their characteristics.
Reference books of textile technologies weavingSamrat Dewan
The document discusses sectional warping, which involves winding warp threads onto a dresser or drum in parallel sections. The number of sections depends on the creel capacity. Each section contains the same number of threads, with the last section sometimes containing fewer threads. The width of each section is calculated based on the total number of sections and the reed width. A warping machine contains a creel, dresser, trolley, and warping carriage. The carriage guides the threads onto the dresser using a comb, metering roller, and levelling roller to ensure even tension and winding of the sections.
This technical bulletin summarizes air jet spinning of cotton yarns using Murata Vortex Spinner (MVS) technology. Key points:
1) MVS machines can produce yarns at high speeds and excel at fine yarn counts from Ne 40/1-60/1. Proper fiber selection and preparation are important for quality results.
2) Compared to ring spinning, MVS yarns have lower tenacity but improved smoothness and fiber alignment. New developments allow production of softer hand MVS fabrics.
3) Extensive research by Cotton Incorporated has optimized fiber and machine parameters for high quality 100% cotton MVS yarns and fabrics.
This document is a textile dictionary that defines various textile and fabric terms from A to C. It provides concise definitions for terms like abrasion resistance, absorbency, acetate, acrylic, air permeability, alpaca, angora, anti-bacterial, antifungal, anti-static, aramid and more. Each term's definition is one sentence or less. The dictionary is intended to concisely define important textile industry terms from A to C in an easy-to-reference alphabetical format.
Cotton spun-yarns-for-knit-and-woven-fabricsSamrat Dewan
This technical bulletin discusses cotton spun yarns for knit and woven fabrics. It describes the key steps in processing cotton spun yarns including bale feeding, fiber opening/cleaning, blending, carding, drawing, combing (optional), roving (for ring spinning only), and the major spinning systems - ring spinning, open-end spinning, air-jet spinning, and vortex spinning. Each spinning system has different fiber preparation requirements and produces yarns with unique characteristics suited for various textile applications.
The document discusses various concepts related to spinning calculations including:
1) It describes two systems for measuring yarn count - direct and indirect. The direct system measures weight per unit length while the indirect measures length per unit weight.
2) It provides formulas for calculating yarn production rates for various machines like scutchers, cards, draw frames, and ring frames. The key factors are roller diameter, rpm, yarn count, efficiency, and number of machines/spindles.
3) It defines terms like hank, twists per inch, beats per inch, efficiency, and provides conversions between different units of measurement.
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 3)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
Lesson Outcomes:
- students will be able to identify and name various types of ornamental plants commonly used in landscaping and decoration, classifying them based on their characteristics such as foliage, flowering, and growth habits. They will understand the ecological, aesthetic, and economic benefits of ornamental plants, including their roles in improving air quality, providing habitats for wildlife, and enhancing the visual appeal of environments. Additionally, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic requirements for growing ornamental plants, ensuring they can effectively cultivate and maintain these plants in various settings.
Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
8+8+8 Rule Of Time Management For Better ProductivityRuchiRathor2
This is a great way to be more productive but a few things to
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Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Using CRM module, we can manage and keep track of all new leads and opportunities in one location. It helps to manage your sales pipeline with customizable stages. In this slide let’s discuss how to create a stage or pipeline inside the CRM module in odoo 17.
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024yarusun
Are you worried about your preparation for the UiPath Power Platform Functional Consultant Certification Exam? You can come to DumpsBase to download the latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 exam dumps (V11.02) to evaluate your preparation for the UIPATH-ADPV1 exam with the PDF format and testing engine software. The latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 exam questions and answers go over every subject on the exam so you can easily understand them. You won't need to worry about passing the UIPATH-ADPV1 exam if you master all of these UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 dumps (V11.02) of DumpsBase. #UIPATH-ADPV1 Dumps #UIPATH-ADPV1 #UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Cross-Cultural Leadership and CommunicationMattVassar1
Business is done in many different ways across the world. How you connect with colleagues and communicate feedback constructively differs tremendously depending on where a person comes from. Drawing on the culture map from the cultural anthropologist, Erin Meyer, this class discusses how best to manage effectively across the invisible lines of culture.
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Up-to-date illustrated dictionary of fiber
and textile technology
Over 2000 entries
Coverage of advanced materials-composites,
aerospace textiles, geotextiles, new fiber-
forming polymers
SI metric and tex system conversions
Abbreviations and symbols
Yarn numbering systems and other textile
conversions
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