This document discusses a study that compares borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) layers deposited at 100 Torr and 200 Torr pressures using sub-atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (SACVD). BPSG is commonly used as an interlevel dielectric film, and lowering the deposition pressure from 200 Torr to 100 Torr resulted in a 50% increase in deposition rate. The 100 Torr process was also found to achieve more stable film thickness. Decreasing the pressure improved the throughput by 20% for SACVD pre-metal dielectric BPSG applications.
In manufacturing, many products need to undergo increasing customisation, and a shortening of the manufacturing cycle time. This makes the time needed to produce prototypes one of the most important contributors to product development cycles. Rapid Prototyping (RP) offers the user the ability to optimise part design in order to meet customer requirements with few manufacturing restrictions. One of the most common RP processes is Laser Sintering (LS). A problem with LS is that sometimes the surface of the parts produced displays a texture similar to that of the skin of an orange (the so-called orange peel texture). This problem must be addressed before the technology can gain wider acceptance. The main aim of this research is to develop a methodology of controlling the input material properties that will ensure consistent and good quality of the fabricated parts. From the experiment, it was found that PA12 powder with high melt flow rate, low melting temperature, low glass transition temperature and low degree of crystallization temperature could improve the sintering process to produce a good Laser Sintering (LS) parts with lower shrinkage rate. The powder which has higher melt viscosity and lower melting heat becomes liquid more easily and therefore flows better during the sintering process due to a shorter chain molecular structure. The results of experimental work indicate that the melt viscosity, and part surface finish are correlated.
High voltage graphene nanowall trench mos barrier schottky diode characteriza...Journal Papers
The document describes a study investigating the use of graphene nanowalls (GNW) as an alternative barrier layer to titanium silicide in trench metal-oxide-semiconductor barrier Schottky (TMBS) diodes. GNW was grown on silicon trench structures using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. TMBS diodes with GNW barriers were fabricated and their leakage currents measured at temperatures up to 423K, finding significantly lower leakage than diodes with titanium silicide barriers. Material and electrical characterization of the GNW-TMBS diodes showed potential for improved high-temperature performance over conventional metal barriers due to graphene's high thermal conductivity and heat dissipation properties.
Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage IJECEIAES
Epoxy resin composites reinforced to different types of carbon nano-particles have been fabricated. Carbon black (20, 30 and 40 wt. %), graphene (0.5 to 4 wt. %) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.5 to 2 wt. %) were added with different weight percentages to epoxy. The dielectric strength of composites was tested in several conditions such as (dry, wet, low salinity and high salinity). The mechanical characterization showed that the nano-composite Polymer enhanced by using these particles in the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows effect of these nano-particles on the thermal structure of epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopic test is used to characterize the dispersion of carbon nano-particles and to analysis the fractured parts in the nano scale.
Nanofillers are emerging class of fillers, which are used extensively in rubbers and plastics.
In the present work, effect of alumina nanoparticle addition on the mechanical and wear behavior of
reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer has been investigated
IRJET- Effect of Rapid Fluctuation in Temperature on Hybrid Fibre Reinforced ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of rapid temperature fluctuations on hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Several concrete mixes were developed with polypropylene fiber fixed at 0.3% and steel fiber varied from 0.5% to 2.5%. Tests were performed to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity of the mixes before and after exposure to temperatures from 200°C to 600°C. The results showed that mixes with 0.3% polypropylene fiber and 1.5% steel fiber performed best, with compressive strength and split tensile strength initially increasing then decreasing with higher fiber contents. Residual strength decreased with increased temperature and heating duration. Weight loss of specimens also
Experimental investigations on the performance and emissoin characteristicsIAEME Publication
1. The document experimentally investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with mullite ceramic coating.
2. Testing found that the mullite thermal barrier coating improved the engine's brake thermal efficiency by up to 5.78% and reduced specific fuel consumption by 5.46% compared to the uncoated engine. Emissions such as smoke and CO were also reduced.
3. The mullite coating provides thermal insulation which increases in-cylinder temperatures and aids combustion, improving performance and reducing some emissions while increasing NOx emissions by around 4%. The coating demonstrates potential as an alternative to conventional yttria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND HOT EROSION BEHAVIOR OF CRC-NICR COATED ...IAEME Publication
Erosion behavior of the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) deposited CrC - NiCr coating on stainless steel was evaluated. Th e solid particle erosion stu dy was conducted using an air jet erosion test rig at a velocity 60m/sec and impingement angle 60 ° , 75 ° and 90 ° , on HVOF spray coated steel at 600 ° C. Microstructure, chemical composition, phases present in the coating on the steel substrate was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X - Ray Diffraction method. The Hardness is gradually increasing with increasing content of Cr 3 C 2 particles in all three samples. The erosion mechanism of coatings was also discussed and erosion rate is maximum at impingement angle 75 °
Powder metallurgy is a technique used to manufacture objects without full melting by applying pressure to consolidate powder materials. It has been used since the 1700s for producing permanent magnets and allows control over factors that influence magnetic properties like microstructure and magnetic alignment. The document discusses aspects of powder metallurgy like compaction, sintering density, and its advantages for producing permanent magnets such as control over composition, purity and microstructure.
In manufacturing, many products need to undergo increasing customisation, and a shortening of the manufacturing cycle time. This makes the time needed to produce prototypes one of the most important contributors to product development cycles. Rapid Prototyping (RP) offers the user the ability to optimise part design in order to meet customer requirements with few manufacturing restrictions. One of the most common RP processes is Laser Sintering (LS). A problem with LS is that sometimes the surface of the parts produced displays a texture similar to that of the skin of an orange (the so-called orange peel texture). This problem must be addressed before the technology can gain wider acceptance. The main aim of this research is to develop a methodology of controlling the input material properties that will ensure consistent and good quality of the fabricated parts. From the experiment, it was found that PA12 powder with high melt flow rate, low melting temperature, low glass transition temperature and low degree of crystallization temperature could improve the sintering process to produce a good Laser Sintering (LS) parts with lower shrinkage rate. The powder which has higher melt viscosity and lower melting heat becomes liquid more easily and therefore flows better during the sintering process due to a shorter chain molecular structure. The results of experimental work indicate that the melt viscosity, and part surface finish are correlated.
High voltage graphene nanowall trench mos barrier schottky diode characteriza...Journal Papers
The document describes a study investigating the use of graphene nanowalls (GNW) as an alternative barrier layer to titanium silicide in trench metal-oxide-semiconductor barrier Schottky (TMBS) diodes. GNW was grown on silicon trench structures using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. TMBS diodes with GNW barriers were fabricated and their leakage currents measured at temperatures up to 423K, finding significantly lower leakage than diodes with titanium silicide barriers. Material and electrical characterization of the GNW-TMBS diodes showed potential for improved high-temperature performance over conventional metal barriers due to graphene's high thermal conductivity and heat dissipation properties.
Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage IJECEIAES
Epoxy resin composites reinforced to different types of carbon nano-particles have been fabricated. Carbon black (20, 30 and 40 wt. %), graphene (0.5 to 4 wt. %) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.5 to 2 wt. %) were added with different weight percentages to epoxy. The dielectric strength of composites was tested in several conditions such as (dry, wet, low salinity and high salinity). The mechanical characterization showed that the nano-composite Polymer enhanced by using these particles in the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows effect of these nano-particles on the thermal structure of epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopic test is used to characterize the dispersion of carbon nano-particles and to analysis the fractured parts in the nano scale.
Nanofillers are emerging class of fillers, which are used extensively in rubbers and plastics.
In the present work, effect of alumina nanoparticle addition on the mechanical and wear behavior of
reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer has been investigated
IRJET- Effect of Rapid Fluctuation in Temperature on Hybrid Fibre Reinforced ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of rapid temperature fluctuations on hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Several concrete mixes were developed with polypropylene fiber fixed at 0.3% and steel fiber varied from 0.5% to 2.5%. Tests were performed to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity of the mixes before and after exposure to temperatures from 200°C to 600°C. The results showed that mixes with 0.3% polypropylene fiber and 1.5% steel fiber performed best, with compressive strength and split tensile strength initially increasing then decreasing with higher fiber contents. Residual strength decreased with increased temperature and heating duration. Weight loss of specimens also
Experimental investigations on the performance and emissoin characteristicsIAEME Publication
1. The document experimentally investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with mullite ceramic coating.
2. Testing found that the mullite thermal barrier coating improved the engine's brake thermal efficiency by up to 5.78% and reduced specific fuel consumption by 5.46% compared to the uncoated engine. Emissions such as smoke and CO were also reduced.
3. The mullite coating provides thermal insulation which increases in-cylinder temperatures and aids combustion, improving performance and reducing some emissions while increasing NOx emissions by around 4%. The coating demonstrates potential as an alternative to conventional yttria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND HOT EROSION BEHAVIOR OF CRC-NICR COATED ...IAEME Publication
Erosion behavior of the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) deposited CrC - NiCr coating on stainless steel was evaluated. Th e solid particle erosion stu dy was conducted using an air jet erosion test rig at a velocity 60m/sec and impingement angle 60 ° , 75 ° and 90 ° , on HVOF spray coated steel at 600 ° C. Microstructure, chemical composition, phases present in the coating on the steel substrate was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X - Ray Diffraction method. The Hardness is gradually increasing with increasing content of Cr 3 C 2 particles in all three samples. The erosion mechanism of coatings was also discussed and erosion rate is maximum at impingement angle 75 °
Powder metallurgy is a technique used to manufacture objects without full melting by applying pressure to consolidate powder materials. It has been used since the 1700s for producing permanent magnets and allows control over factors that influence magnetic properties like microstructure and magnetic alignment. The document discusses aspects of powder metallurgy like compaction, sintering density, and its advantages for producing permanent magnets such as control over composition, purity and microstructure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) The document studies obtaining ultra fine grain sizes in plain C-Mn steels with 0.15-0.3% carbon through warm deformation processing.
2) Three new processing routes are developed involving heavy warm deformation at different temperatures followed by cooling or coiling to produce either pearlitic, bainitic ferrite 1, or bainitic ferrite 2 microstructures.
3) Lower deformation/coiling temperatures produce finer ferrite grains but more elongated aspect ratios, while pearlitic/bainitic ferrite grains are smaller and more equiaxed than pro-eutectoid ferrite grains.
The document describes an experimental study of the tribological properties of commercially pure titanium with different microstructures and coatings. The results show that titanium with an ultrafine-grained structure produced through severe plastic deformation has lower friction coefficient values and higher load-bearing capacity compared to coarse-grained titanium. Titanium samples coated with TiC using ion plasma spraying or TiO2 using microarc oxidation also exhibited lower friction coefficients than uncoated samples. The study provides data on friction coefficients and shear strengths of coated and uncoated titanium with different grain sizes.
Electrical transportation mechanisms of molybdenum disulfide flakes graphene ...Journal Papers
The document summarizes research on a tristable non-volatile memory device with a simple three-layer stacking structure consisting of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes-graphene quantum dots (GQDs) heterostructure charge trapping layer embedded in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer. Transmission electron microscopy showed the MoS2-GQD heterostructure had misaligned orientations. Electrical measurements found the device exhibited tristable switching behavior with a high ON/OFF current ratio of 107, attributed to the high charge storage capability of the MoS2-GQD heterostructure. This demonstrated the potential for high density data storage using a single charge trapping layer.
This paper attempts to show that,
activated by adding different loading levels of zinc oxide (ZnO).
to mix and distribute the elements of the rubber compound. MV
rheometer employed to determine the properties of th
6 min. The curing process carried out using the hot press at a temperature of 180°C
and pressure of 10 bars. Results show that the addition
hundred parts of rubber (phr)
scorch time ,curing time with
particularly at 2 and 4 phr
modulus of elasticity at 300% elongation, hardness and compressio
phr represent the best loading level of the ZnO, which had more effect on the aging
and mechanical properties.
especially when the retention percentage of the properties
The document summarizes the results of an experimental study on the shear strength properties of mixtures containing fly ash, electroplating waste sludge, and cement. Undrained unconsolidated triaxial compression tests were performed on cylindrical specimens at different curing periods. The following key results were reported:
1) The maximum shear strength of 2.48 MPa was achieved for a mixture containing 47% fly ash, 45% waste sludge, and 8% cement after 90 days of curing, compared to only 0.10 MPa for fly ash alone.
2) Increasing the waste sludge content and curing time improved the shear strength and shear strength parameters of the mixtures. The mixture with 60% fly
Prediction of behaviour in forming of sintered copper 10%tungsten nano powder...iaemedu
The document discusses experimental investigations to predict the deformation behavior of sintered copper-10% tungsten nano composite during cold upset forming. High-energy mechanical milling was used to produce Cu and W nano powders. Cylindrical preforms with initial theoretical density of 85% and aspect ratios of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 were cold pressed and sintered. The preforms underwent incremental cold deformation testing. Relationships between stress, strain, density ratio, and other parameters were evaluated to understand the densification behavior during forming.
Optimalization of Parameters for 3D Print for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimizing parameters for 3D printing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic using fused deposition modeling (FDM) to achieve high quality production. Samples were printed at various nozzle temperatures from 245°C to 285°C and tested for mechanical and thermal properties. Tensile strength was highest for samples printed at 285°C while flexibility was best for those at 245°C. Impact toughness was similar across temperatures. Thermal analysis found no material degradation from the printing process. Overall, the study determined the optimal temperature range for ABS printing with FDM based on achieving desired mechanical properties and print quality.
Effect of Fly Ash Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Zn-22%Al Alloy vi...IOSR Journals
In the present investigation, a Zn-22%Al alloy is used as the matrix material and fly ash as the filler material. The composite is produced using powder metallurgy techniques. The fly ash is added in 2%, 4%, and 6% by wt% to the sintering metal. The composite is tested for hardness, density and tensile strength test. Microstructure examination is done using a high resolution optical microscope to obtain the distribution of fly ash in the Zn-Al matrix. Test results indicate that as fly ash content is increased, there is a considerable increase in hardness and tensile strength but decrease in density.
IRJET - Strengthening of Beam using Engineered Cementitious CompositesIRJET Journal
1) The document studies the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC).
2) Five beam specimens were tested - one control beam and four beams strengthened with different ECC mixes. The ECC improved the load capacity and deformability of the beams.
3) The beam strengthened with ECC containing 50% ground granulated blast furnace slag showed the highest flexural strength and load capacity, demonstrating the benefits of ECC confinement for reinforced concrete beams.
This document discusses the effects of severe plastic deformation via equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on an aluminum-titanium boride composite material. Key findings include:
1) Subjecting the composite to 2 passes of ECAP led to a 27.68% increase in tensile strength and 29% increase in hardness compared to the untreated composite.
2) The wear rate of the composite decreased with increasing sliding distance and increasing titanium boride content within the composite.
3) ECAP effectively refined the grain structure of the composite, leading to improvements in its mechanical properties like strength, hardness, and wear resistance.
Tribological Analysis of TiO2 Filled Polymer Matrix CompositesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on titanium dioxide (TiO2) filled epoxy polymer matrix composites. Epoxy composites containing 0-30% TiO2 by weight were produced. Testing showed that adding TiO2 improved the composites' mechanical properties, erosion resistance, and microhardness. Maximum hardness and erosion resistance occurred with 30% TiO2. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cracks and craters on eroded surfaces. Taguchi analysis and artificial neural networks were used to model erosion rate based on impact velocity, angle, erodent size, temperature, and TiO2 content. Both methods predicted erosion rates with errors within 11%. In conclusion, TiO2 is an effective reinforcing filler to improve epoxy composite
Evaluation on the reduced graphene oxide thermal interface material and heat ...Journal Papers
This document evaluates the performance of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a thermal interface material (TIM) and heat spreader for thermal management in high-temperature power devices. It describes how graphene oxide films of varying thickness were deposited on silicon substrates via drop-casting and then partially reduced to form hybrid rGO/graphene oxide films. Thermal testing found that a 300nm thick hybrid film formed from four drop-castings improved the heating rate of the silicon substrate from 14.85°C/W to 18.37°C/W, demonstrating the effectiveness of rGO for heat spreading applications. Raman spectroscopy and microscopy characterization confirmed the formation of electrically insulating graphene oxide cores surrounded by thermally conductive rGO shells in the
Improving Structural Integrity with Boron-Based Additives for 3D printed 420 ...Dalton Stetsko
This document discusses improving the structural integrity of 3D printed 420 stainless steel through the addition of boron-based additives during sintering. It begins by introducing the challenges associated with achieving high density and structural integrity in additive manufacturing parts. It then reviews previous research on using sintering aids like silicon nitride to improve the density of 3D printed stainless steel. The document goes on to explore using lower amounts of boron, boron nitride, and boron carbide as alternative sintering aids to densify 420 stainless steel samples printed via a powder-based 3D printing method. Experimental methods are outlined for mixing the stainless steel powder with different additives and sintering the samples to test how additive type
Conventional Concrete by using Basalt FiberIRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of adding basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete. Basalt fiber is added in volumes ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% of the total concrete volume. Experimental results show that:
1) The addition of basalt fiber up to 0.3% volume fraction improves the compressive and flexural strength of concrete compared to conventional concrete without fiber. The highest strengths were observed at 0.3% fiber content.
2) There is a negligible influence of basalt fiber addition on the splitting tensile strength of concrete.
3) Concrete with 0.3% basalt fiber content showed the best performance with a 12.34% and 12.94
EROSION PROTECTION OF PULVERIZED BOILER COAL PREPARATION EQUIPMENTMilos Djukic
This document summarizes research on erosion protection materials for pulverized coal preparation equipment in fossil fuel power plants. Samples were tested with different erosion protection materials applied, including two metal alloy coatings applied via cold spraying and one alloy applied via weld overlay. Following erosion testing, the samples were analyzed to compare erosion damage profiles and weight loss. Microstructural analysis found that the weld overlay sample showed the best erosion resistance for the given test conditions, with the cold spray coatings also demonstrating good bonding quality to the substrate. Further testing is needed to determine the best erosion protection methods for different equipment and operating conditions.
Thermal Resistance Analysis and Strength Studies on Cement Mortar using Meta...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the thermal resistance and compressive strength of cement mortar with partial replacements of metakaolin and fly ash as fine aggregate, cured in seawater. Specimens with 5% replacement showed the lowest loss of compressive strength and weight after heating. Replacement levels of 15% resulted in higher strength and weight loss. FTIR and thermal analysis confirmed the effects on quality and strength. In conclusion, cement mortar with 5% metakaolin and fly ash replacement demonstrated improved thermal resistance and compressive strength when cured in seawater.
IRJET- Increasing the Strength of Soil using Fly Ash and Polyproplene FibreIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on increasing the strength of soil using fly ash and polypropylene fiber. The study involved collecting soil samples from Morni, India and testing their properties like liquid limit and plastic limit. The soil was then mixed with varying percentages of fly ash and polypropylene fiber. Tests like standard Proctor, CBR, and direct shear were performed to analyze the maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, unconfined compressive strength, cohesion, and friction angle of the stabilized soils. The results showed that adding up to 7% fly ash and 0.1% polypropylene fiber increased the dry density, CBR values, cohesion, and friction angle of the soil compared
Knowledge and Experience of Menopause - A Rural Based Study in Aligarhjournal ijrtem
ABSTRACT: The menopause is a transitional phase in women’s life.The level of oestrogen is decreased ,because of which a variety of symptoms such as hot flushes, mucosal dryness, excessive sweating, emotional fluctuations, psychoses, decr-eased strength and calcification of bones occurs. Attitudes, perception and expectations are part of the psychosocial phenomenon surrounding menopause. Natural menopause is diagnosed after 12 months of amenorrhoea not associated with a pathological cause. Menopause is a gradual process that lasts for about 2 years, called climacteric. It is normal and should not be taken as a disease or syndrome. The aim of this study was to find out the knowledge and experience of menopausal symptoms among women who had attained menopause
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Multiresponse optimization of surface grinding operation of en19 alloy steel ...IAEME Publication
This document describes an experimental study that used grey relational analysis to optimize surface grinding parameters for EN19 alloy steel using water-based nanofluids. The study considered nanofluid type (Al2O3 and CuO), nanofluid concentration (2-6%), depth of cut (5-10um), and feed rate (1000-2500mm/min) as process parameters. Multiple responses including surface roughness, temperature, grinding wheel wear, and material removal rate were measured. Grey relational analysis was used to convert the multi-response optimization into a single response problem to simplify the optimization. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine significant process parameters affecting the grey relational grade. The optimal levels of parameters were selected and a confirmation
Multiresponse optimization of surface grinding operation of EN19 alloy steel ...IAEME Publication
Conventional grinding fluid is widely used in grinding process, which results in high consumption and impacting the environment. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is alternative source for the Conventional grinding process. In this study, Water based nanofluid applied to grinding process with MQL approach for its excellent convection heat transfer and thermal conductivity properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) The document studies obtaining ultra fine grain sizes in plain C-Mn steels with 0.15-0.3% carbon through warm deformation processing.
2) Three new processing routes are developed involving heavy warm deformation at different temperatures followed by cooling or coiling to produce either pearlitic, bainitic ferrite 1, or bainitic ferrite 2 microstructures.
3) Lower deformation/coiling temperatures produce finer ferrite grains but more elongated aspect ratios, while pearlitic/bainitic ferrite grains are smaller and more equiaxed than pro-eutectoid ferrite grains.
The document describes an experimental study of the tribological properties of commercially pure titanium with different microstructures and coatings. The results show that titanium with an ultrafine-grained structure produced through severe plastic deformation has lower friction coefficient values and higher load-bearing capacity compared to coarse-grained titanium. Titanium samples coated with TiC using ion plasma spraying or TiO2 using microarc oxidation also exhibited lower friction coefficients than uncoated samples. The study provides data on friction coefficients and shear strengths of coated and uncoated titanium with different grain sizes.
Electrical transportation mechanisms of molybdenum disulfide flakes graphene ...Journal Papers
The document summarizes research on a tristable non-volatile memory device with a simple three-layer stacking structure consisting of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes-graphene quantum dots (GQDs) heterostructure charge trapping layer embedded in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer. Transmission electron microscopy showed the MoS2-GQD heterostructure had misaligned orientations. Electrical measurements found the device exhibited tristable switching behavior with a high ON/OFF current ratio of 107, attributed to the high charge storage capability of the MoS2-GQD heterostructure. This demonstrated the potential for high density data storage using a single charge trapping layer.
This paper attempts to show that,
activated by adding different loading levels of zinc oxide (ZnO).
to mix and distribute the elements of the rubber compound. MV
rheometer employed to determine the properties of th
6 min. The curing process carried out using the hot press at a temperature of 180°C
and pressure of 10 bars. Results show that the addition
hundred parts of rubber (phr)
scorch time ,curing time with
particularly at 2 and 4 phr
modulus of elasticity at 300% elongation, hardness and compressio
phr represent the best loading level of the ZnO, which had more effect on the aging
and mechanical properties.
especially when the retention percentage of the properties
The document summarizes the results of an experimental study on the shear strength properties of mixtures containing fly ash, electroplating waste sludge, and cement. Undrained unconsolidated triaxial compression tests were performed on cylindrical specimens at different curing periods. The following key results were reported:
1) The maximum shear strength of 2.48 MPa was achieved for a mixture containing 47% fly ash, 45% waste sludge, and 8% cement after 90 days of curing, compared to only 0.10 MPa for fly ash alone.
2) Increasing the waste sludge content and curing time improved the shear strength and shear strength parameters of the mixtures. The mixture with 60% fly
Prediction of behaviour in forming of sintered copper 10%tungsten nano powder...iaemedu
The document discusses experimental investigations to predict the deformation behavior of sintered copper-10% tungsten nano composite during cold upset forming. High-energy mechanical milling was used to produce Cu and W nano powders. Cylindrical preforms with initial theoretical density of 85% and aspect ratios of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 were cold pressed and sintered. The preforms underwent incremental cold deformation testing. Relationships between stress, strain, density ratio, and other parameters were evaluated to understand the densification behavior during forming.
Optimalization of Parameters for 3D Print for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimizing parameters for 3D printing acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic using fused deposition modeling (FDM) to achieve high quality production. Samples were printed at various nozzle temperatures from 245°C to 285°C and tested for mechanical and thermal properties. Tensile strength was highest for samples printed at 285°C while flexibility was best for those at 245°C. Impact toughness was similar across temperatures. Thermal analysis found no material degradation from the printing process. Overall, the study determined the optimal temperature range for ABS printing with FDM based on achieving desired mechanical properties and print quality.
Effect of Fly Ash Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Zn-22%Al Alloy vi...IOSR Journals
In the present investigation, a Zn-22%Al alloy is used as the matrix material and fly ash as the filler material. The composite is produced using powder metallurgy techniques. The fly ash is added in 2%, 4%, and 6% by wt% to the sintering metal. The composite is tested for hardness, density and tensile strength test. Microstructure examination is done using a high resolution optical microscope to obtain the distribution of fly ash in the Zn-Al matrix. Test results indicate that as fly ash content is increased, there is a considerable increase in hardness and tensile strength but decrease in density.
IRJET - Strengthening of Beam using Engineered Cementitious CompositesIRJET Journal
1) The document studies the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC).
2) Five beam specimens were tested - one control beam and four beams strengthened with different ECC mixes. The ECC improved the load capacity and deformability of the beams.
3) The beam strengthened with ECC containing 50% ground granulated blast furnace slag showed the highest flexural strength and load capacity, demonstrating the benefits of ECC confinement for reinforced concrete beams.
This document discusses the effects of severe plastic deformation via equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on an aluminum-titanium boride composite material. Key findings include:
1) Subjecting the composite to 2 passes of ECAP led to a 27.68% increase in tensile strength and 29% increase in hardness compared to the untreated composite.
2) The wear rate of the composite decreased with increasing sliding distance and increasing titanium boride content within the composite.
3) ECAP effectively refined the grain structure of the composite, leading to improvements in its mechanical properties like strength, hardness, and wear resistance.
Tribological Analysis of TiO2 Filled Polymer Matrix CompositesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on titanium dioxide (TiO2) filled epoxy polymer matrix composites. Epoxy composites containing 0-30% TiO2 by weight were produced. Testing showed that adding TiO2 improved the composites' mechanical properties, erosion resistance, and microhardness. Maximum hardness and erosion resistance occurred with 30% TiO2. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cracks and craters on eroded surfaces. Taguchi analysis and artificial neural networks were used to model erosion rate based on impact velocity, angle, erodent size, temperature, and TiO2 content. Both methods predicted erosion rates with errors within 11%. In conclusion, TiO2 is an effective reinforcing filler to improve epoxy composite
Evaluation on the reduced graphene oxide thermal interface material and heat ...Journal Papers
This document evaluates the performance of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a thermal interface material (TIM) and heat spreader for thermal management in high-temperature power devices. It describes how graphene oxide films of varying thickness were deposited on silicon substrates via drop-casting and then partially reduced to form hybrid rGO/graphene oxide films. Thermal testing found that a 300nm thick hybrid film formed from four drop-castings improved the heating rate of the silicon substrate from 14.85°C/W to 18.37°C/W, demonstrating the effectiveness of rGO for heat spreading applications. Raman spectroscopy and microscopy characterization confirmed the formation of electrically insulating graphene oxide cores surrounded by thermally conductive rGO shells in the
Improving Structural Integrity with Boron-Based Additives for 3D printed 420 ...Dalton Stetsko
This document discusses improving the structural integrity of 3D printed 420 stainless steel through the addition of boron-based additives during sintering. It begins by introducing the challenges associated with achieving high density and structural integrity in additive manufacturing parts. It then reviews previous research on using sintering aids like silicon nitride to improve the density of 3D printed stainless steel. The document goes on to explore using lower amounts of boron, boron nitride, and boron carbide as alternative sintering aids to densify 420 stainless steel samples printed via a powder-based 3D printing method. Experimental methods are outlined for mixing the stainless steel powder with different additives and sintering the samples to test how additive type
Conventional Concrete by using Basalt FiberIRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of adding basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete. Basalt fiber is added in volumes ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% of the total concrete volume. Experimental results show that:
1) The addition of basalt fiber up to 0.3% volume fraction improves the compressive and flexural strength of concrete compared to conventional concrete without fiber. The highest strengths were observed at 0.3% fiber content.
2) There is a negligible influence of basalt fiber addition on the splitting tensile strength of concrete.
3) Concrete with 0.3% basalt fiber content showed the best performance with a 12.34% and 12.94
EROSION PROTECTION OF PULVERIZED BOILER COAL PREPARATION EQUIPMENTMilos Djukic
This document summarizes research on erosion protection materials for pulverized coal preparation equipment in fossil fuel power plants. Samples were tested with different erosion protection materials applied, including two metal alloy coatings applied via cold spraying and one alloy applied via weld overlay. Following erosion testing, the samples were analyzed to compare erosion damage profiles and weight loss. Microstructural analysis found that the weld overlay sample showed the best erosion resistance for the given test conditions, with the cold spray coatings also demonstrating good bonding quality to the substrate. Further testing is needed to determine the best erosion protection methods for different equipment and operating conditions.
Thermal Resistance Analysis and Strength Studies on Cement Mortar using Meta...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the thermal resistance and compressive strength of cement mortar with partial replacements of metakaolin and fly ash as fine aggregate, cured in seawater. Specimens with 5% replacement showed the lowest loss of compressive strength and weight after heating. Replacement levels of 15% resulted in higher strength and weight loss. FTIR and thermal analysis confirmed the effects on quality and strength. In conclusion, cement mortar with 5% metakaolin and fly ash replacement demonstrated improved thermal resistance and compressive strength when cured in seawater.
IRJET- Increasing the Strength of Soil using Fly Ash and Polyproplene FibreIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on increasing the strength of soil using fly ash and polypropylene fiber. The study involved collecting soil samples from Morni, India and testing their properties like liquid limit and plastic limit. The soil was then mixed with varying percentages of fly ash and polypropylene fiber. Tests like standard Proctor, CBR, and direct shear were performed to analyze the maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, unconfined compressive strength, cohesion, and friction angle of the stabilized soils. The results showed that adding up to 7% fly ash and 0.1% polypropylene fiber increased the dry density, CBR values, cohesion, and friction angle of the soil compared
Knowledge and Experience of Menopause - A Rural Based Study in Aligarhjournal ijrtem
ABSTRACT: The menopause is a transitional phase in women’s life.The level of oestrogen is decreased ,because of which a variety of symptoms such as hot flushes, mucosal dryness, excessive sweating, emotional fluctuations, psychoses, decr-eased strength and calcification of bones occurs. Attitudes, perception and expectations are part of the psychosocial phenomenon surrounding menopause. Natural menopause is diagnosed after 12 months of amenorrhoea not associated with a pathological cause. Menopause is a gradual process that lasts for about 2 years, called climacteric. It is normal and should not be taken as a disease or syndrome. The aim of this study was to find out the knowledge and experience of menopausal symptoms among women who had attained menopause
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Multiresponse optimization of surface grinding operation of en19 alloy steel ...IAEME Publication
This document describes an experimental study that used grey relational analysis to optimize surface grinding parameters for EN19 alloy steel using water-based nanofluids. The study considered nanofluid type (Al2O3 and CuO), nanofluid concentration (2-6%), depth of cut (5-10um), and feed rate (1000-2500mm/min) as process parameters. Multiple responses including surface roughness, temperature, grinding wheel wear, and material removal rate were measured. Grey relational analysis was used to convert the multi-response optimization into a single response problem to simplify the optimization. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine significant process parameters affecting the grey relational grade. The optimal levels of parameters were selected and a confirmation
Multiresponse optimization of surface grinding operation of EN19 alloy steel ...IAEME Publication
Conventional grinding fluid is widely used in grinding process, which results in high consumption and impacting the environment. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is alternative source for the Conventional grinding process. In this study, Water based nanofluid applied to grinding process with MQL approach for its excellent convection heat transfer and thermal conductivity properties.
Mechanism of Fracture in Friction Stir Processed Aluminium AlloyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium alloys are used for important
applications in reducing the weight of the component and
structure particularly associated with transport, marine,
and aerospace fields. Grain refinement by scandium (Sc)
addition can eliminate the casting defects and increase the
resistance to hot tearing for high strength aluminium alloys.
FSP for cast aluminium alloys have been focused and it has
great advantages including solid state microstructural
evolution, altering mechanical properties by optimizing
process parameters. These parameters are tool rotational
speeds (720, and 1000 rpm), traverse speeds (80, and 70
mm/min), and axial compressive force at 15 kN, etc. The
mechanical properties had been evaluated on FSPed
aluminium alloy with different microstructural conditions.
Fracture properties of aluminium alloys are very important
for industrial applications. Tensile and fracture toughness
properties were correlated to microstructural and
fractographic features of the aluminium alloys need to
explore their essential failure mechanisms.
This document evaluates the compressive strength and workability of normal concrete, temperature controlled (TC) concrete, and temperature controlled self-compacted (TCSC) concrete. It describes an experiment conducted on these three types of concrete mixes. The experiment aimed to reduce shrinkage cracks and thermal expansion in concrete by controlling the temperature, especially for large underground structures. Materials used included cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and a polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer. Formulas from Indian standards were used to calculate the amount of ice needed to lower the temperature of the TC and TCSC concrete mixes to the targeted temperature of 19°C. Test results for the compressive strength and workability of the three concrete mixes
Evaluation of Compressive strength and Workability of normal concrete, Temper...IJERA Editor
The experiments conducted focuses on research to avoid shrinkage cranks and thermal expansion in concrete, the case study chosen for this experiment are underground structure having high rebar congestion. It became very critical while the mass or volume of concrete is more than natural. Generally the temperature controlled concrete for high mass or volume concrete. These type of structures are mainly foundations and under the ground only, where reinforcement area is very less and compared to concrete and concrete placing is also easy over there, but if the condition is not the same. When the situation is totally opposite of the assumption, the concrete to be done on height of more than 40 meter, and reinforcement volume is more and congestion is the condition can that concrete can’t reach the bottom. Here the situation for which this paper is written. We expectingthe same situation, so our aim is to check the compressive strength and yield strength of normal concrete, Temperature controlled (TC) concrete and Temperature controlled self-compacted (TCSC) concrete
This document summarizes a study that investigated using laser texturing and electrophoretic deposition of graphene to increase the wear resistance of copper substrates. Specifically, it tested different pretreatment methods on copper samples, including electropolishing, sandblasting, pickling, laser cleaning, and laser dot texturing. It then used a factorial experimental design to deposit graphene coatings using electrophoresis at varying voltages on the pretreated samples. Wear tests evaluated how the pretreatments and coating affected friction coefficient and coating durability. The results showed that laser pretreatments, particularly laser dots, improved wear resistance the most by up to 4 times compared to other pretreatments.
Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electro...Conference Papers
This document summarizes research on using an atomization process to deposit reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films for use as transparent conductive electrodes. Key points:
- Graphene oxide was spray coated onto silicon wafers and glass slides using an ultrasonic atomizer. Thermal reduction processes were then used to make the films electrically conductive while maintaining optical transparency.
- Thinner films with 1-2 spray coats had higher transparency (>90%) but higher resistivity, while thicker 3-4 coat films had lower transparency (77.1%) but lower resistivity (5.3 kΩ/sq).
- Rapid thermal processing was more effective than plasma processing at reducing resistivity. Sheet resistance decreased
Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electro...Conference Papers
This document summarizes research on using an atomization process to deposit reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films for use as transparent conductive electrodes. Key points:
- Graphene oxide was spray coated onto silicon wafers and glass slides using an ultrasonic atomizer. Thermal reduction processes were then used to make the films electrically conductive while maintaining optical transparency.
- Thinner films with 1-2 spray coats had higher transparency (>90%) but higher resistivity, while thicker 3-4 coat films had lower transparency (77.1%) but lower resistivity (5.3 kΩ/sq).
- Rapid thermal processing was more effective than plasma processing at reducing resistivity. Sheet resistance decreased
IRJET- A Study on Wear and Microstructure Properties of AA7075 Reinforced...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the wear and microstructure properties of AA7075 aluminum alloy reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles produced using powder metallurgy. AA7075 aluminum powder was mixed with 4%, 6%, and 10% SiC powder by weight and sintered at 600°C. Wear tests found that increasing the SiC content decreased the wear rate. Microstructure images showed a uniform distribution of SiC particles and decreased porosity after heat treatment. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of aluminum and silicon carbide in the composites.
THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PTFE COMPOSITE FILLED WITH CARBON FIBER, MOS2,...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with carbon fiber, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and bronze reinforcement. It begins with an abstract that introduces the materials studied and their tribological behavior. It then provides background on tribology and discusses the objectives of studying PTFE composites, which include suggesting a self-lubricating material for sugar mill applications. The experimental methodology, observations and results are presented, showing the effect of various composites on wear and friction over time under different loads and speeds. The conclusions drawn are that initial wear is higher for composites but stabilizes over time, friction initially increases but then remains
Influence of Ion Beam and Carbon Black Filler Type on the Mechanical and Phys...Editor IJCATR
This document discusses a study that investigated the effects of different types and amounts of carbon black filler on the mechanical and physical properties of butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (NBR). Five types of carbon black (ISAF, HAF, FEF, GPF, SRF) were incorporated into NBR at concentrations from 0 to 100 parts per hundred rubber. The Young's modulus was found to increase with the carbon black content for all filler types. Percolation thresholds were detected in both the mechanical and physical behavior. Oxygen ion beam irradiation was also found to further increase the Young's modulus of NBR nanocomposites by 2-3 times for samples near the percolation threshold loading.
This document summarizes a study on WC-Co coatings produced by HVOF spray technique on stainless steel substrates. Three coatings were produced with varying WC particle size ranges. SEM analysis showed uniform distribution of WC particles in the coatings. XRD analysis identified WC and Co phases in the coatings. Hardness testing and pin-on-disc wear testing was conducted under varying loads and speeds. The coating with larger WC particle size (45-90μm) exhibited the lowest wear rate, indicating improved wear resistance with larger WC particle size. SEM of the worn surfaces showed grooves, pulled out particles and cracks formed during wear testing.
1. The document discusses recent advancements in thermal spray coatings, specifically focusing on detonation gun sprayed coatings.
2. Detonation gun spraying uses combustion gases at very high temperatures and velocities to accelerate powder particles towards a substrate, where they bond to form a coating.
3. Studies reviewed in the document investigated detonation gun sprayed WC-Co coatings and found that residual stresses change from tensile to compressive with increasing coating thickness, which affects mechanical properties. Grinding was also found to improve erosion resistance of such coatings by increasing residual stresses.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the abrasive wear resistance of coatings deposited on 420 stainless steel substrates using the Twin Wire Arc Spray technique. The coatings were tested under dry and wet abrasive conditions according to ASTM standards using two different loads. The as-sprayed coatings and those subjected to tempering and cryogenic heat treatments were analyzed. Microstructural characterization found porosity of around 3.26% in as-sprayed coatings. Cryogenic treatment increased microhardness while tempering improved dry and wet abrasion resistance. Main wear mechanisms identified were splat delamination, plastic deformation, micro-cutting and fracture. The most severe wear in wet tests occurred on coating broadsides while dry
IRJET- Optimum Design Parameters for Effective Moldability of Gas SensorIRJET Journal
This document discusses optimizing design parameters for effective molding of a gas sensor through mold flow simulation. It analyzes two trials of injection molding simulations to determine the optimal gate location, moldability, defects, and processing parameters. Trial 2 with parameters of 2 second fill time, 50°C mold temperature, 245°C melt temperature, and 55MPa injection pressure produced fewer sink marks, air traps, and weld lines than Trial 1. Trial 2 also had a faster cooling time of 8 seconds, making it the ideal design for molding the gas sensor part.
Optimization of machining parameters in edm of cfrp composite using taguchi t...IAEME Publication
1. The document summarizes a study that used Taguchi methods to optimize machining parameters for electrical discharge machining (EDM) of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite material.
2. The study investigated the effects of gap voltage, discharge current, and pulse-on time on surface roughness. Experiments were conducted using an L9 orthogonal array.
3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-to-noise ratios were used to analyze the results. It was found that discharge current had the most significant influence on surface roughness, and confirmation experiments validated the optimum parameters identified.
The Correlation between Surface Tracking and Partial Discharge Characteristic...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the investigation of the surface tracking on pressboard surface immersed in MIDEL eN oil. In this work, the development of surface discharge was analyzed by correlating the visual records of surface tracking on impregnated pressboard and the partial discharge (PD) activities. The PD activities during the surface tracking process were analyzed in terms of Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) patterns. Throughout the experiment, surface discharge is found as the development of tree-like patterns in the form of white marks occurring on the oil-pressboard interface. This phenomenon is generally accepted as the drying out process that involves evaporation and decomposition of the oil molecules in the pressboard pores due to the surface discharge activities on the pressboard surface layer. The development of surface discharge on the pressboard surface can continue from minutes to months or even years until failure. Thus, condition monitoring system is important to characterize this type of faulty condition. The experimental results show that there is the decreasing trend of PD magnitude during the development of white mark hallway of a gap distance which is eventually suffered from an unexpected fault.
Ceramic Coating on Piston Top in IC Engine to Reduce Thermal LossesIRJET Journal
The document discusses applying ceramic coatings to piston tops in internal combustion engines to reduce thermal losses. A simulation study was conducted using ANSYS software to analyze the impact of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) made of magnesia stabilized zirconia and yttria stabilized zirconia on piston performance. The results showed that pistons with 0.6mm coatings of these ceramics performed better than an uncoated piston under all operating conditions, with lower temperatures and stresses. Applying a bond coat of NiCrAl between the piston and ceramic coating can further reduce thermal stresses and cracking.
Effects of Various Material Infiltrants in Sls Processtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
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Similar to Comparison of 100 torr and 200 torr bpsg layer deposited using sub atmospheric chemical vapour deposition (sacvd) process (20)
Tech transfer making it as a risk free approach in pharmaceutical and biotech iniaemedu
Tech transfer is a common methodology for transferring new products or an existing
commercial product to R&D or to another manufacturing site. Transferring product knowledge to the
manufacturing floor is crucial and it is an ongoing approach in the pharmaceutical and biotech
industry. Without adopting this process, no company can manufacture its niche products, let alone
market them. Technology transfer is a complicated, process because it is highly cross functional. Due
to its cross functional dependence, these projects face numerous risks and failure. If anidea cannot be
successfully brought out in the form of a product, there is no customer benefit, or satisfaction.
Moreover, high emphasis is in sustaining manufacturing with highest quality each and every time. It
is vital that tech transfer projects need to be executed flawlessly. To accomplish this goal, risk
management is crucial and project team needs to use the risk management approach seamlessly.
Integration of feature sets with machine learning techniquesiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel approach for spam filtering using selective feature sets combined with machine learning techniques. The paper presents an algorithm and system architecture that extracts feature sets from emails and uses machine learning to classify emails and generate rules to identify spam. Several metrics are identified to evaluate the efficiency of the feature sets, including false positive rate. An experiment is described that uses keyword lists as feature sets to train filters and compares the proposed approach to other spam filtering methods.
Effective broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks using gridiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new grid-based broadcasting mechanism for mobile ad hoc networks. The paper argues that flooding approaches to broadcasting are inefficient and cause network congestion. The proposed approach divides the network into a hierarchical grid structure. When a node needs to broadcast a message, it sends the message to the first node in the appropriate grid, which is then responsible for updating and forwarding the message within that grid. Simulation results showed the grid-based approach outperformed other broadcasting protocols and was more reliable, efficient and scalable.
Effect of scenario environment on the performance of mane ts routingiaemedu
The document analyzes the effect of scenario environment on the performance of the AODV routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It studies AODV performance under different scenarios varying network size, maximum node speed, and pause time. The performance is evaluated based on packet delivery ratio, throughput, and end-to-end delay. The results show that AODV performs best in some scenarios and worse in others, indicating that scenario parameters significantly impact routing protocol performance in MANETs.
Adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applicationiaemedu
This document discusses adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applications in a grid platform. It begins with an abstract that describes grid computing and how scheduling plays a key role in performance for grid workflow applications. Both static and dynamic scheduling strategies are discussed, but they require high scheduling costs and may not produce good schedules. The paper then proposes a novel semi-dynamic algorithm that allows the schedule to adapt to changes in the dynamic grid environment through both static and dynamic scheduling. Load balancing is incorporated to handle situations where jobs are delayed due to resource fluctuations or overloading of processors. The rest of the paper outlines the related works, proposed scheduling algorithm, system model, and evaluation of the approach.
This document summarizes research on transaction reordering techniques. It discusses transaction reordering approaches based on reducing resource conflicts and increasing resource sharing. Specifically, it covers:
1) A "steal-on-abort" technique that reorders an aborted transaction behind the transaction that caused the abort to avoid repeated conflicts.
2) A replication protocol that attempts to reorder transactions during certification to avoid aborts rather than restarting immediately.
3) Transaction reordering and grouping during continuous data loading to prevent deadlocks when loading data for materialized join views.
The document discusses semantic web services and their challenges. It provides an overview of semantic web technologies like WSDL, SOAP, UDDI, and OIL which are used to build semantic web services. The semantic web architecture adds semantics to web services through ontologies written in OWL and DAML+OIL. Key approaches to semantic web services include annotation, composition, and addressing privacy and security. However, semantic web services still face challenges in achieving their full potential due to issues in representation, reasoning, and a lack of real-world applications and data.
Website based patent information searching mechanismiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a website-based patent information searching mechanism. It discusses how patent information can be used for technology development, rights acquisition and utilization, and management information. It describes different types of patent searches including novelty, validity, infringement, and state-of-the-art searches. It also evaluates and compares two major patent websites, Delphion and USPTO, in terms of their search capabilities and features.
Revisiting the experiment on detecting of replay and message modificationiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes methods for detecting message modification and replay attacks in ad-hoc wireless networks. It begins with background on security issues in wireless networks and types of attacks. It then reviews existing intrusion detection systems and security techniques. Related work that detects attacks using features from the media access control layer or radio frequency fingerprinting is also discussed. The paper aims to present a simple, economical, and platform-independent system for detecting message modification, replay attacks, and unauthorized users in ad-hoc networks.
1) The document discusses the Cyclic Model Analysis (CMA) technique for sequential pattern mining which aims to predict customer purchasing behavior.
2) CMA calculates the Trend Distribution Function from sequential patterns to model purchasing trends over time. It then uses Generalized Periodicity Detection and Trend Modeling to identify periodic patterns and construct an approximating model.
3) The Cyclic Model Analysis algorithm is applied to further analyze the patterns, dividing the domain into segments where the distribution function is increasing or decreasing and applying the other techniques recursively to fully model the cyclic behavior.
Performance analysis of manet routing protocol in presenceiaemedu
This document analyzes the performance of different routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) under hybrid traffic conditions. It simulates a MANET with 50 nodes moving at speeds up to 20 m/s using the AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. Traffic included both constant bit rate and variable bit rate sources. Results found that AODV had lower average end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratios than DSDV and DSR as the percentage of variable bit rate traffic increased. AODV also performed comparably under both low and high node mobility scenarios with hybrid traffic.
Performance measurement of different requirements engineeringiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of different requirements engineering (RE) process models. It describes three RE process models - two existing linear models and the authors' iterative model. It also reviews literature on common RE activities and issues with descriptive models not reflecting real-world practices. The authors conducted interviews at two Indian companies to model their RE processes and compare them to the three models. They found the existing linear models did not fully capture the iterative nature of observed RE processes.
This document proposes a mobile safety system for automobiles that uses Android operating system. The system has two main components: a safety device and an automobile base unit. The safety device allows users to monitor the vehicle's location on a map, check its status, and control functions remotely. It communicates with the base unit in the vehicle using GPRS. The base unit collects data from sensors, determines the vehicle's GPS location, and can execute control commands like activating the brakes or switching off the engine. The document provides details on the design and algorithms of both components and includes examples of Java code implementation. The goal is to create an intelligent, secure and easy-to-use mobile safety system for vehicles using embedded systems and Android
Efficient text compression using special character replacementiaemedu
The document describes a proposed algorithm for efficient text compression using special character replacement and space removal. The algorithm replaces words with non-printable ASCII characters or combinations of characters to compress text files. It uses a dynamic dictionary to map words to their symbols. Spaces are removed from the compressed file in some cases to further reduce file size. Experimental results show the algorithm achieves better compression ratios than LZW, WinZip 10.0 and WinRAR 3.93 for various text file types while allowing lossless decompression.
The document discusses agile programming and proposes a new methodology. It provides an overview of existing agile methodologies like Scrum and Extreme Programming. Scrum uses short sprints to define tasks and deadlines. Extreme Programming focuses on practices like test-first development, pair programming, and continuous integration. The document notes drawbacks like an inability to support large or multi-site projects. It proposes designing a new methodology that combines the advantages of existing methods while overcoming their deficiencies.
Adaptive load balancing techniques in global scale grid environmentiaemedu
The document discusses various adaptive load balancing techniques for distributed applications in grid environments. It first describes adaptive mesh refinement algorithms that partition computational domains using space-filling curves or by distributing grids independently or at different levels. It also discusses dynamic load balancing using tiling and multi-criteria geometric partitioning. The document then covers repartitioning algorithms based on multilevel diffusion and the adaptive characteristics of structured adaptive mesh refinement applications. Finally, it discusses adaptive workload balancing on heterogeneous resources by benchmarking resource characteristics and estimating application parameters to find optimal load distribution.
A survey on the performance of job scheduling in workflow applicationiaemedu
This document summarizes a survey on job scheduling performance in workflow applications on grid platforms. It discusses an adaptive dual objective scheduling (ADOS) algorithm that takes both completion time and resource usage into account for measuring schedule performance. The study shows ADOS delivers good performance in completion time, resource usage, and robustness to changes in resource performance. It also describes the system architecture used, which includes a planner and executor component. The planner focuses on scheduling to minimize completion time while considering resource usage, and can reschedule if needed. The executor enacts the schedule on the grid resources.
A survey of mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networksiaemedu
This document summarizes existing methods to detect misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how routing protocols assume nodes will cooperate fully, but misbehavior like packet dropping can occur. It describes several techniques to detect misbehavior, including watchdog, ACK/SACK, TWOACK, S-TWOACK, and credit-based/reputation-based schemes. Credit-based schemes use virtual currencies to provide incentives for nodes to forward packets, while reputation-based schemes track nodes' past behaviors. The document aims to survey approaches for mitigating the impact of misbehaving nodes in MANET routing.
A novel approach for satellite imagery storage by classifyiaemedu
This document presents a novel approach for classifying and storing satellite imagery by detecting and storing only non-duplicate regions. It uses kernel principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality and extract features of satellite images. Fuzzy N-means clustering is then used to segment the images into blocks. A duplication detection algorithm compares blocks to identify duplicate and non-duplicate regions. Only the non-duplicate regions are stored in the database, improving storage efficiency and updating speed compared to completely replacing existing images. Support vector machines are used to categorize the non-duplicate blocks into the appropriate classes in the existing images.
A self recovery approach using halftone images for medical imageryiaemedu
This document summarizes a proposed approach for securely transferring medical images over the internet using visual cryptography and halftone images. The approach uses error diffusion techniques to generate a halftone host image from the grayscale medical image. Shadow images are then created from the halftone host image using visual cryptography algorithms. When stacked together, the shadow images reveal the secret medical image. The halftone host image also contains an embedded logo that can be extracted to verify the integrity of the reconstructed image without a trusted third party.