The document discusses various IP routing protocols and configuration techniques used on Cisco routers. It covers static and default routing, as well as distance vector protocols like RIP and IGRP. It also covers link-state protocols like OSPF and EIGRP, explaining their basic configurations. Other topics include loopback interfaces, VLAN configuration on switches, trunking, inter-VLAN routing, VTP, device management, and access control lists.
The document provides instructions for various Cisco router and switch configuration commands. It covers topics like IP routing, static and default routing, routing protocols (RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF), VLAN configuration, trunking, inter-VLAN routing, VTP, backing up configurations, CDP, telnet, access lists, and more. Examples are given for many commands to illustrate their usage in different scenarios.
The document provides information about configuring a router, including:
- Configuring passwords, interfaces, banners, and host tables
- Using commands like hostname, enable password, interface type, ip address, no shut, banner motd, clock timezone, and ip host
- Verifying configurations with show commands
- Saving configurations to NVRAM and erasing startup configurations
CCNA Routing Protocol Commands.IP ROUTING, Static Routing, RIP (Routing Information Protocol), EIGRP, Verifying EIGRP and more.
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Juniper Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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The document provides commands and configuration examples for CCNA topics including IP routing, static routing, RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, VLANs, trunking, VTP, CDP, Telnet, DNS, and access lists. Key points covered include how to view and configure routing tables, routing protocols, VLANs, trunks, switch ports, inter-VLAN routing, VTP, CDP settings, Telnet sessions, hostname resolution, and network access control using standard and extended access lists.
Juniper JNCIA – Juniper RIP and OSPF Route ConfigurationHamed Moghaddam
The document describes configuring OSPF routing between routers R1, R2, and R3, and exporting OSPF routes into RIP to advertise them to router R4. R2 is configured with OSPF to neighbors R1 and R3, and with RIP to neighbor R4. The routing policy on R2 is updated to export OSPF routes into RIP. This allows R4 to now see the loopback routes of R1 and R3 in its routing table via RIP.
The document provides instructions for various Cisco router and switch configuration commands. It covers topics like IP routing, static and default routing, routing protocols (RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF), VLAN configuration, trunking, inter-VLAN routing, VTP, backing up configurations, CDP, telnet, access lists, and more. Examples are given for many commands to illustrate their usage in different scenarios.
The document provides information about configuring a router, including:
- Configuring passwords, interfaces, banners, and host tables
- Using commands like hostname, enable password, interface type, ip address, no shut, banner motd, clock timezone, and ip host
- Verifying configurations with show commands
- Saving configurations to NVRAM and erasing startup configurations
CCNA Routing Protocol Commands.IP ROUTING, Static Routing, RIP (Routing Information Protocol), EIGRP, Verifying EIGRP and more.
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The document provides commands and configuration examples for CCNA topics including IP routing, static routing, RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, VLANs, trunking, VTP, CDP, Telnet, DNS, and access lists. Key points covered include how to view and configure routing tables, routing protocols, VLANs, trunks, switch ports, inter-VLAN routing, VTP, CDP settings, Telnet sessions, hostname resolution, and network access control using standard and extended access lists.
Juniper JNCIA – Juniper RIP and OSPF Route ConfigurationHamed Moghaddam
The document describes configuring OSPF routing between routers R1, R2, and R3, and exporting OSPF routes into RIP to advertise them to router R4. R2 is configured with OSPF to neighbors R1 and R3, and with RIP to neighbor R4. The routing policy on R2 is updated to export OSPF routes into RIP. This allows R4 to now see the loopback routes of R1 and R3 in its routing table via RIP.
- The document describes the configuration of a network topology across two sites in Cisco Packet Tracer, including:
- Configuring VLANs, subnets, DHCP scopes, and trunk ports on routers and switches at each site
- Configuring IP phones and dial peers to allow calls between the two sites over the WAN link
- Key aspects include separating traffic for voice, data, and management onto different VLANs at each site and enabling routing between the sites' subnets using EIGRP.
The document provides instructions and examples for configuring various routing protocols like RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF on Cisco routers and switches. It also includes commands for configuring basic device settings like IP addresses, passwords, VLANs, trunk ports and CDP. Examples are given for initial configurations of Cisco 1900 and 2950 switches.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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The document provides instructions for configuring basic settings on Cisco switches and routers, including enabling privileged modes, setting passwords, configuring interfaces, VLANs, routing protocols, ACLs, SNMP, and more. Example commands are given for tasks like configuring device hostnames, IP addresses, routing protocols, trunking, VLANs, DHCP, ACLs, and other common switch and router configurations.
Redistribution is necessary when routing protocols connect and must pass routes between the two.
Route Redistribution involves placing the routes learned from one routing domain, such as RIP, into
another routing domain, such as EIGRP.
While running a single routing protocol throughout your entire IP internetwork is desirable, multiprotocol routing is common for a number of reasons, such as company mergers, multiple departments
managed by multiple network administrators, and multi-vendor environments. Running different
routing protocols is often part of a network design.
Networking Tutorial Goes to Basic PPP Configuration3Anetwork com
Leading Cisco networking products distributor-3network.com
Here we will be going over Basic Configuration of PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol). It includes Basic Configuration tasks on a router, configuring OSPF routing protocol, and configuring PPP PAP and CHAP authentication
Cisco CCNA IP SLA with tracking configurationHamed Moghaddam
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How to Configure ip address for router interfacestcpipguru
The document provides instructions for configuring IP addresses on interfaces of two Cisco routers, R1 and R2. It describes configuring IP address 192.168.1.1 on R1's fa0/0 interface and 192.168.2.1 on R2's fa0/0 interface. It also describes configuring IP address 172.16.1.1 on R1's serial interface S0/0 as the DCE device and 172.16.1.2 on R2's serial interface S0/1 as the DTE device. The configuration includes setting the clock rate on R1's serial interface.
This document discusses static route configurations using four different router platforms covered in the CCNA exam. It provides configuration steps to create a topology with four subnets and configure static routes on each router to establish connectivity between all networks. Static routes are manually configured on each router with the IP address of the next hop router for each subnet.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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The serial interface is up but the line protocol is down. This indicates that while the physical layer connection is up, the data link layer is not establishing properly. Common reasons for this include:
- Mismatched encapsulation types on either end (e.g. one side PPP other side HDLC)
- Authentication failure if using PPP (e.g. wrong username/password)
- Layer 1 issues like clock rate mismatch if using HDLC
So in summary, the interface is physically up but the data link layer is failing to establish due to a configuration mismatch between the two directly connected routers.
This document provides instructions for basic router operations and commands on a Cisco router including:
- How to access user and privileged modes, exit the router, and use keyboard shortcuts.
- Commands for viewing router information like the IOS version, configurations, interfaces, neighbors, and protocols.
- How to manage configuration files by backing up, restoring, and editing configurations.
- Instructions for configuring passwords, router identification, and auto-install.
- An overview of commands for configuring TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, serial interfaces, and basic routing protocols.
- Details on access lists, frame relay, and PPP configuration.
This lab report summarizes the experiments conducted in a computer networks lab from the first to last class. It includes configurations of basic networking, connecting two PCs through a router, static routing with three routers, dynamic routing using RIP, static NAT configuration, and VLAN configuration. The report demonstrates how to configure IP addresses, routing protocols, and interconnections to establish end-to-end connectivity across multiple devices in a network.
Trik singkat STATIC ROUTING via cli Packet Tracer Selamet Hariadi
The document describes the configuration of static routing on routers R1, R2, and R3 using Packet Tracer. On each router, it configures interface IP addresses and static routes to networks connected to the other routers. On R1, static routes are added to networks 192.168.30.0/24, 192.168.20.0/24, and 192.168.120.0/24 using the Serial 0/0/0 interface. On R2, static routes are added to 192.168.110.0/24 and 192.168.120.0/24 using Serial 0/0/0. On R3, static routes are added to 192.168.30.
This document provides basic configuration commands for Cisco routers, including how to name a device by using the hostname command in configuration mode, remove the device name with no hostname, and set a password for console access using the line console and password commands along with enabling login.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including the OSI and TCP/IP models, network devices like switches and routers, IP addressing, subnetting, routing protocols, VLANs, switching protocols like STP, and basic network security techniques. It covers topics relevant to the CCNA certification including static and dynamic routing, ACLs, NAT, and subnetting classes A, B, and C. The document is arranged by Yama in 2010 as a study guide for CCNA, CCNP, and CCIE certification exams.
The document describes the steps to establish a TCP connection between two hosts (Host A and Host B) as follows:
1. Host A sends a TCP SYN packet to Host B.
2. Host B receives the SYN from Host A and sends a SYN-ACK to Host A.
3. Host A receives the SYN-ACK from Host B and sends an ACK, and the TCP socket connection is then established.
This document provides an overview of changes to Microsoft certifications for Windows Server 2012 and discusses topics related to administering Windows Server 2012. Key points include: the new MCSE certification requirements, changes to the Windows Server 2012 interface and PowerShell version 3.0, steps for becoming an MCSA, upgrading previous certifications to MCSE, the Central Store repository, and an overview of managing Active Directory with PowerShell.
This document provides an overview of Cisco's CCNA Routing and Switching certification program. It outlines the key changes being made to the CCNA curriculum and certification exams. The summary is:
Cisco is redesigning its CCNA Routing and Switching certification program to better align with current industry skills demands. The new program introduces 4 core courses and splits the CCNA exam into two parts. Supplemental materials and instructor training are being provided to help students and instructors transition smoothly to the new curriculum and certification.
This document provides information about networking and Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) certification. It defines what a network is and discusses the benefits of networking such as sharing resources, software, and licenses. It also describes different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Additionally, it discusses networking devices like hubs, switches, routers, and network interface cards. The document also covers topics such as network topologies, IP addressing, implementing TCP/IP, and Active Directory.
- The document describes the configuration of a network topology across two sites in Cisco Packet Tracer, including:
- Configuring VLANs, subnets, DHCP scopes, and trunk ports on routers and switches at each site
- Configuring IP phones and dial peers to allow calls between the two sites over the WAN link
- Key aspects include separating traffic for voice, data, and management onto different VLANs at each site and enabling routing between the sites' subnets using EIGRP.
The document provides instructions and examples for configuring various routing protocols like RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF on Cisco routers and switches. It also includes commands for configuring basic device settings like IP addresses, passwords, VLANs, trunk ports and CDP. Examples are given for initial configurations of Cisco 1900 and 2950 switches.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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The document provides instructions for configuring basic settings on Cisco switches and routers, including enabling privileged modes, setting passwords, configuring interfaces, VLANs, routing protocols, ACLs, SNMP, and more. Example commands are given for tasks like configuring device hostnames, IP addresses, routing protocols, trunking, VLANs, DHCP, ACLs, and other common switch and router configurations.
Redistribution is necessary when routing protocols connect and must pass routes between the two.
Route Redistribution involves placing the routes learned from one routing domain, such as RIP, into
another routing domain, such as EIGRP.
While running a single routing protocol throughout your entire IP internetwork is desirable, multiprotocol routing is common for a number of reasons, such as company mergers, multiple departments
managed by multiple network administrators, and multi-vendor environments. Running different
routing protocols is often part of a network design.
Networking Tutorial Goes to Basic PPP Configuration3Anetwork com
Leading Cisco networking products distributor-3network.com
Here we will be going over Basic Configuration of PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol). It includes Basic Configuration tasks on a router, configuring OSPF routing protocol, and configuring PPP PAP and CHAP authentication
Cisco CCNA IP SLA with tracking configurationHamed Moghaddam
Cisco CCNA/CCNP Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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How to Configure ip address for router interfacestcpipguru
The document provides instructions for configuring IP addresses on interfaces of two Cisco routers, R1 and R2. It describes configuring IP address 192.168.1.1 on R1's fa0/0 interface and 192.168.2.1 on R2's fa0/0 interface. It also describes configuring IP address 172.16.1.1 on R1's serial interface S0/0 as the DCE device and 172.16.1.2 on R2's serial interface S0/1 as the DTE device. The configuration includes setting the clock rate on R1's serial interface.
This document discusses static route configurations using four different router platforms covered in the CCNA exam. It provides configuration steps to create a topology with four subnets and configure static routes on each router to establish connectivity between all networks. Static routes are manually configured on each router with the IP address of the next hop router for each subnet.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
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The serial interface is up but the line protocol is down. This indicates that while the physical layer connection is up, the data link layer is not establishing properly. Common reasons for this include:
- Mismatched encapsulation types on either end (e.g. one side PPP other side HDLC)
- Authentication failure if using PPP (e.g. wrong username/password)
- Layer 1 issues like clock rate mismatch if using HDLC
So in summary, the interface is physically up but the data link layer is failing to establish due to a configuration mismatch between the two directly connected routers.
This document provides instructions for basic router operations and commands on a Cisco router including:
- How to access user and privileged modes, exit the router, and use keyboard shortcuts.
- Commands for viewing router information like the IOS version, configurations, interfaces, neighbors, and protocols.
- How to manage configuration files by backing up, restoring, and editing configurations.
- Instructions for configuring passwords, router identification, and auto-install.
- An overview of commands for configuring TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, serial interfaces, and basic routing protocols.
- Details on access lists, frame relay, and PPP configuration.
This lab report summarizes the experiments conducted in a computer networks lab from the first to last class. It includes configurations of basic networking, connecting two PCs through a router, static routing with three routers, dynamic routing using RIP, static NAT configuration, and VLAN configuration. The report demonstrates how to configure IP addresses, routing protocols, and interconnections to establish end-to-end connectivity across multiple devices in a network.
Trik singkat STATIC ROUTING via cli Packet Tracer Selamet Hariadi
The document describes the configuration of static routing on routers R1, R2, and R3 using Packet Tracer. On each router, it configures interface IP addresses and static routes to networks connected to the other routers. On R1, static routes are added to networks 192.168.30.0/24, 192.168.20.0/24, and 192.168.120.0/24 using the Serial 0/0/0 interface. On R2, static routes are added to 192.168.110.0/24 and 192.168.120.0/24 using Serial 0/0/0. On R3, static routes are added to 192.168.30.
This document provides basic configuration commands for Cisco routers, including how to name a device by using the hostname command in configuration mode, remove the device name with no hostname, and set a password for console access using the line console and password commands along with enabling login.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including the OSI and TCP/IP models, network devices like switches and routers, IP addressing, subnetting, routing protocols, VLANs, switching protocols like STP, and basic network security techniques. It covers topics relevant to the CCNA certification including static and dynamic routing, ACLs, NAT, and subnetting classes A, B, and C. The document is arranged by Yama in 2010 as a study guide for CCNA, CCNP, and CCIE certification exams.
The document describes the steps to establish a TCP connection between two hosts (Host A and Host B) as follows:
1. Host A sends a TCP SYN packet to Host B.
2. Host B receives the SYN from Host A and sends a SYN-ACK to Host A.
3. Host A receives the SYN-ACK from Host B and sends an ACK, and the TCP socket connection is then established.
This document provides an overview of changes to Microsoft certifications for Windows Server 2012 and discusses topics related to administering Windows Server 2012. Key points include: the new MCSE certification requirements, changes to the Windows Server 2012 interface and PowerShell version 3.0, steps for becoming an MCSA, upgrading previous certifications to MCSE, the Central Store repository, and an overview of managing Active Directory with PowerShell.
This document provides an overview of Cisco's CCNA Routing and Switching certification program. It outlines the key changes being made to the CCNA curriculum and certification exams. The summary is:
Cisco is redesigning its CCNA Routing and Switching certification program to better align with current industry skills demands. The new program introduces 4 core courses and splits the CCNA exam into two parts. Supplemental materials and instructor training are being provided to help students and instructors transition smoothly to the new curriculum and certification.
This document provides information about networking and Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) certification. It defines what a network is and discusses the benefits of networking such as sharing resources, software, and licenses. It also describes different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Additionally, it discusses networking devices like hubs, switches, routers, and network interface cards. The document also covers topics such as network topologies, IP addressing, implementing TCP/IP, and Active Directory.
This document discusses networking devices and technologies used to connect local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It describes common physical layer components used in Ethernet LANs such as twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, and connectors. It also discusses serial connection options and devices used for WAN connections including CSU/DSUs and their roles as data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE).
Networking allows devices to interconnect and communicate. The basic components required for a network are networking devices like switches and routers, network interfaces cards for each device, cabling or wireless media to connect the devices, and network protocols for communication. Common network types include LAN, MAN and WAN. LAN connects devices within a building, MAN within a city, and WAN connects LANs over long distances. IP addressing using IPv4 addresses in dot decimal notation like 192.168.1.1 is required for devices to communicate on a network.
The document provides an overview of common CCNA commands for configuring routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and IGRP on Cisco routers. It also covers topics like static routing, default routing, VLAN configuration on switches, trunking, ACLs, and basic router and switch configuration/management. The commands are organized by topic and include brief explanations and examples.
This document provides commands and examples for configuring routing protocols like RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, static routing and default routing on Cisco routers. It also covers IP routing commands, switching configuration for VLANs, trunking, inter-VLAN routing and VTP on Cisco switches. Basic router and switch configurations including passwords, interfaces, IP addresses are demonstrated along with backup, restore and recovery procedures.
How to Configure Routing Information Protocol (RIP)IT Tech
The document describes how to configure Routing Information Protocol (RIP) version 2 on three routers to enable routing between connected networks. It provides the configuration steps for setting hostnames, IP addresses and RIP on each router. It also shows how to verify the routing tables and connectivity between hosts on different networks using the ping command.
The document provides instructions for configuring basic settings on Cisco switches and routers, including enabling privileged modes, setting passwords, configuring interfaces, VLANs, routing protocols, ACLs, SNMP, and more. Example commands are given for tasks like configuring device hostnames, IP addresses, routing protocols, trunking, VLANs, DHCP, ACLs, and other common switch and router configurations.
The document provides instructions for configuring basic settings on Cisco switches and routers, including enabling modes, setting passwords, configuring interfaces, VLANs, routing protocols, ACLs, DHCP, and high availability protocols. It covers commands for hostname, IP addressing, VLAN configuration, trunking, STP, routing, ACLs, DHCP, HSRP, and more.
Routing information protocol & rip configuration3Anetwork com
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its routing metric. RIP version 1 (RIPv1) uses broadcast updates every 30 seconds and has a maximum hop count of 15. RIPv1 supports classful routing only. RIP version 2 (RIPv2) is an enhanced protocol that uses multicasts, supports classless routing with VLSM, and allows for authentication. The document then provides the configuration and verification steps to implement RIPv2 routing between three routers connected in a network.
How to configure interior gateway routing protocol (igrp)IT Tech
The document describes how to configure Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) on three routers to enable connectivity between three networks. It provides the configuration steps for each router, including setting hostnames, IP addresses on interfaces, and enabling IGRP with the network commands. It also shows how to verify the routing tables and connectivity between networks using the ping command.
It is an open standard, distance vector, classfull routing protocol. Rip version 2 supports classless.
It sends the complete routing table out to all active interfaces every 30 seconds. Rip only uses hop count
to determine the best way to a remote network, but it has a maximum allowable hop count of 15 by
default, meaning that 16 is deemed unreachable. RIP works well in small networks, but it’s inefficient on
large networks with slow WAN links or on networks with a large number of routers installed.
The document discusses how to configure Frame Relay encapsulation and subinterfaces on a router. It describes setting the Frame Relay encapsulation on an interface, configuring the LMI type, creating Frame Relay maps, and configuring subinterfaces. Specific commands are provided to create point-to-point and multipoint subinterfaces, assign IP addresses to them, and assign DLCI values. Configuration examples are also given to set this up between routers R1, R2, R3 and R4.
This document provides a CCNA command cheat sheet covering Cisco IOS commands for both ICND parts 1 & 2 and the current CCNA exam. It includes summaries of Cisco modes and keyboard shortcuts, commands for device configuration, interface configuration, and protocols. Privileged commands are also covered such as show commands for viewing configurations, interfaces, routing tables, and more.
This document provides a CCNA command cheat sheet covering Cisco IOS commands for the CCNA exam. It includes sections summarizing commands for Cisco device configuration, interface configuration, routing protocols, privilege mode commands, and more. The cheat sheet covers both ICND exam parts 1 and 2 and is intended to help review the majority of commands found on the CCNA exam.
This document provides a CCNA command cheat sheet covering Cisco IOS commands for the CCNA exam. It includes sections summarizing commands for Cisco device configuration, interface configuration, routing protocols, privilege mode commands, and more. The cheat sheet covers both ICND exam parts 1 and 2 and is intended to help review the majority of commands found on the CCNA exam.
This document provides a CCNA command cheat sheet covering Cisco IOS commands for the CCNA exam. It includes sections summarizing commands for Cisco device configuration, interface configuration, routing protocols, privilege mode commands, and more. The cheat sheet covers both ICND exam parts 1 and 2 and is intended to help review the majority of commands found on the CCNA exam.
For some very basic VRF configuration follow the steps:
1. Enters VRF configuration mode and assigns a VRF name.
Router(config)#ip vrf vrf-name
2. Creates a VPN route distinguisher (RD) following one of the 16bit-ASN:32bit-number or 32bitIP:16bit-number explained above
Router(config-vrf)#rd route-distinguisher
3. Creates a list of import and/or export route target communities for the specified VRF.
Router(config-vrf)# route-target {import | export | both} route-distinguisher
4. (Optional step) Associates the specified route map with the VRF.
Router(config-vrf)# import map route-map
The Odisha State Wide Area Network (OSWAN) would serve as the backbone network for data, video and voice communications throughout the State of Odisha. The network connects 1 State Head Quarter, 30 District Head Quarters, 284 Block Head Quarters, and 1214 Horizontal Offices across the state. The OSWAN uses equipment from Cisco, BSNL, and NIC to setup connections between offices using technologies like MPLS, P2P, optical fiber, and microwave.
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is an open standard link-state routing protocol that works with link state advertisements to dynamically calculate the shortest path to destinations. It maintains neighbor, database, and routing tables.
- OSPF uses areas and link state routing to converge quickly and find the shortest paths between routers within an autonomous system. It supports hierarchical routing designs and classless routing.
This document provides an overview of commonly used router commands organized into the following categories: keyboard shortcuts, configuration, general commands, privileged mode commands, setting passwords, router processes and statistics, IP commands, CDP commands, IPX commands, routing protocols, access lists, WAN configurations, and miscellaneous commands. It includes brief explanations and examples of commands for configuring, monitoring, and troubleshooting a router.
The document discusses service provider networks and frame relay. It provides instructions on building a frame relay network with hub and spoke routers using dynamic and static frame relay mappings. It also covers configurations for loopback interfaces, RIP routing protocol, and route redistribution between protocols to share routes.
This document discusses how to configure a router, including:
1. Entering global configuration mode to make configuration changes.
2. Configuring the router name, passwords, and interfaces such as serial and Ethernet.
3. Using show commands to examine router information and configurations.
4. Adding descriptions to interfaces and a message of the day banner.
5. Storing configurations on a TFTP server for backups and restoration.
The document discusses Cisco routers and routing concepts. It provides details about Cisco router components, configuration, interfaces, routing protocols like RIP and IGRP, and autonomous systems. Cisco routers range from small access layer routers like the 700 series to large core routers like the 12000 series. Configuration is done through the console port initially and involves tasks like setting the hostname, passwords, interfaces and routing.
The spiral model is a systems development lifecycle model used for large, expensive, and complicated projects. It combines elements of prototyping and risk analysis by iterating through steps of defining requirements, designing, prototyping, testing, and evaluating. This iterative process allows for refinement of prototypes and risk assessment until the customer is satisfied, at which point the final system is constructed. The spiral model is advantageous for risk avoidance but costly, requiring expertise in risk analysis.
The document discusses various IP routing protocols and configuration topics for Cisco routers and switches. It covers static and default routing, as well as distance vector protocols like RIP and IGRP. It also covers link-state protocols like OSPF and EIGRP, and how to configure them on Cisco devices. Additionally, it discusses topics like VLAN configuration, trunking, inter-VLAN routing, VTP, CDP, Telnet, DNS, network connectivity testing, and access control lists.
The spiral model is a systems development lifecycle model used for large, expensive, and complicated projects. It combines elements of prototyping and risk analysis by iterating through steps of defining requirements, designing, prototyping, testing, and evaluating. This iterative process allows for refinement of prototypes and risk assessment until the customer is satisfied, at which point the final system is constructed. The spiral model is advantageous for risk avoidance but costly, requiring expertise in risk analysis.
The spiral model is an iterative software development process that combines elements of both prototyping and waterfall models. It involves iterating through phases of planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation. During each iteration, the software is developed through a linear process, then evaluated by the customer to provide feedback for the next iteration. An example is the evolution of Microsoft Windows from version 3.1 through 2003.
1. IP ROUTING
#sh ip route - To view IP routing tables created on a Cisco router.
-Static Routing- Routers are manually configured for networks that are not
directly connected, to be able to route to all networks via the next-hop interface.
Example- Let 192.168.30.0/24 be the IP of a network not directly connected
Let 192.168.20.2 be the next hop interface
(config)#ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.2
-to remove static route
(config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.2
-Default Routing- Used on stub networks only to send packets with remote
destination network not in the routing table to the next hop router.
(Assume IP 192.168.40.1 is not in routing table)
-first remove static route
(config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.40.1
(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.1
-RIP- A distance vector routing protocol that passes complete routing table
contents to neighbouring routers
Example- Let 192.168.10.0 & 192.168.20.0 be directly connected networks of a
router interfaces and 192.168.30.0 be non-directly connected
-first delete all static routes
1
2. (config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.2
(config)#router rip
(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
(config-router)#^z
#
-Verifying RIP
1.Sh ip route
2.debug ip
-Holding Down RIP Propagation - To stop RIP update sending but allow its
receipt
-say for s0/0 with ip 192.168.10.0
(config)#router rip
(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0/0
-IGRP- Also a distance routing protocol
Example- Let 192.168.10.0 & 192.168.20.0 be directly connected networks of a
router interfaces with autonomous system number of 10 and 192.168.30.0 be
non-directly connected
#router igrp 10
(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
(config-router)#^z
#
-Verifying IGRP
2
3. 1.sh ip route
2.sh protocols- Displays routed protocols and their interfaces
3.sh ip protocols- Displays routing protocols configured
4.debug igrp events- Displays summary of IGRP routing information running on
the network
5.debug igrp transactions- Displays messages request from neighbour routers
-Turning off all possible debugging
#un all
-EIGRP- Uses classless routing which is subnet mask information sent with
routing protocol updates.
Example- Let 192.168.10.0 & 192.168.20.0 be directly connected networks of a
router interfaces with autonomous system number of 20 and 192.168.30.0 be
non-directly connected
#router eigrp 20
(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
(config-router)#^z
-To stop EIGRP from working on an interface - no sending no receipt
(config)#router eigrp 20
(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0/0
-To enable EIGRP on discontiguos networks - (two different subnetworks
of classfull network connected by another different classful subnetwork)
Example- Let 172.16.0.0 & 10.0.0.0 be directly connected to a router to another
remote subnetwork of 192.168.10.0, then to enable EIGRP, we use
3
4. (config)#router eigrp 100
(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
(config-router)#no auto-summary
N.B-The no auto-summary command sholuld be enabled in routers that encloses
such networks.
-Verifying EIGRP
1. sh ip route- Shows entire routing table
2. sh ip route eigrp- Shows only EIGRP entries in the routing table
3. ip eigrp neighbours- Shows all EIGRP neighbours
4. ip eigrp topology- Shows entries in the EIGRP topology table
-OSPF- A link-state routing protocol
Example- Let 10.0.0.0 be the network directly connected to the router upon which
OSPF is to be enabled; with ospf ID of 1 and area o
(config)#router ospf 1
(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area0
-Loopback Interface - They are configured to be used as the routers RID to
advertise the routes and elect DR and BDR.
Example- Let the loopback iinterface be configured on interface with ip
172.16.10.1
(config)#int loopback 0
(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
(config-if)#no shut
4
5. (config-if)#^z
-Verifying OSPF Configuration
1. sho ip ospf- Used to display all OSPF information
2. sho ip ospf database- indicates the number of links and neighboring router ID
3. sho ip ospf interface- Displays all OSPF interface related info
4. sho ip ospf neighbour- Summarizes OSPF info about neighbours
5. sho ip protocols- Overview of all present running protocols
- Verifying Loopback and RID
1. sho running-config- To verify loopback address
2. sho ip ospf database- Verifies the new RID of each router
3. sho ip ospf interface- Verifies the new RID of each router
-Initial configuration of a 1900 Switch with ip 172.16.10.16
>en
#config t
(config)#enable password level 1 kennifeh
(config)#enable password level 15kennifeh 1
(config)#enable secret kennifeh 2(when enabled no need 4 enable password)
(config)#hostname kenn 1900
(config)#ip address 172.16.10.16 255.255.255.0
(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.10.1
(config)#int f0/1
(config-if)#description Finance_vlan (No space for 1900)
(config-if)#int f0/26
(config-if)#description Trunk_to_Biulding
(config-if)#exit
(config)#
-Initail Configuration of 2950 Switch with ip 172.16.10.17 255.255.255.0
5
7. Delete file vlan.dat
#erase startup-config
Enter
-Configuring VLANS 1900
>en
#config t
(config)#vlan 2 name Cisco
(config)#vlan 3 name Microsoft
(config)#vlan 4 name Comptia
(config)#exit
verify with command sh run
-Configuring for 2950
>en
#vlan database
(vlan)#vlan 2 name Cisco
(vlan)#vlan 3 name Microsoft
(vlan)#vlan 4 name Comptia
(vlan)#apply
(vlan)#^c
verify with command sh vlan brief
-Assigning Switch Ports To Vlan- 1900
(config)#int e0/2
(config-if)#vlan-membership static 2
(config-if)#int e0/3
(config-if)#vlan-membership static 3
7
8. (config-if)#exit
verify with sh vlan
-Assigning Switch Ports To Vlan- 2950
(config)#int f0/2
(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
(config-if)#int f0/3
(config-t)#switchport access vlan 3
(config-if)#int f0/4
(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4
(config-if)#
verify with sh vlan brief
-Configuring Trunks ports
(config)#int f0/26
(config-if)#trunk on
-Configuring Trunk Ports for 2950
(config)#int f0/12
(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
(config-if)#^z
#
-To disable Trunk- use switchport mode access
-To verify Trunking- use sh running config
-Configuring Inter-vlan Routing for 1900 connecting to 2600
(config)#int f0/0.1
8
9. (config-if)#encapsulation isl vlan (d number)
-Configuring Inter-vlan Routing for 2950 connecting to 2600
(config)#int f0/0.1
(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q vlan (d number)
-Configuring VTP for 1900
(config)#vtp server
(config)vtp domain kenn
(config)#vtp password kenn
-Configuring VTP for 2950
(config)#vtp mode server
(config)#vtp domain routersim
(config)#^z
-verify with sh vtp status
-Checking the Current Configuration Register Values
show version or show ver
-Changing Configuration Register
(config)#config-register 0x101 (d default is 0x2102)
(config)#^z
-Recovering Passwords
1. Interrupt the Router Boot Sequene
ctrl+Break key (windows wont perform break key, only 95/98)
2. Changing the configuration register
-for 2600 series router
rammon>confreg 0x2142
9
10. -for 2500
type 0 after a break and enter the command o/r 0x2142
3. Reloading the Router and Entering Privilged mode
-for 2600-type reset
-for 2500-type I
4. Viewing and changing the configuration
-copy run start
5. Resetting the configuration Register and Reloading the Router
-config t
-config-register 0x2102
-copy run start-to save
-Backing up and restoring the Cisco ios
1. verifying flash memory-Ensuring flash memory has enough room
router#sh flash
2. Backing-up the ciso ios
first verify server connectivity by- Router#ping 192.168.0.120
then; router#copy flash tftp
3. Restoring or upgrading the cisco router ios
router#copy tftp flash
[confirm][ENTER]
?[ENTER]
-Backing up and Restoring the Cisco configuration
1.Backing up the cisco router configuration
-copy runing config tftp
2. verifying the current configuration
-sh run
3. copying the current cofiguration to NVRAM
-copy run start
4. copying the current configuration to a TFTP server
10
11. -copy run TFTP
5. Restoring the Cisco Router Configuration
-copy TFTP run
6. Erasing the configuration
-erase startup-config
-Getting CDP timers and Holdtime information
Router#config t
Router(config)#cdp timer 90
Router(config)#cdp holdtime 240
Router(config)#^z
-Turn-off CDP Completely- no cdp run
-Gathering Neighbour information
kenn2509#sh cdp nei- delivers information about directly connected devices
OR kenn2509#sh cdp neighbour detail Also sh cdp entry
-Gathering Interface Traffic Information
kenn2509#sh cdp traffic
-Gathering port and Interface information
kenn2509#sh cdp interface
-Turn off cdp on a router- no cdp enable then ^z
-Using Telnet
kenn2509#telnet 172.16.10.2
-Telnetting into multiple devices simultaneously
11
12. kenn2509#telnet 172.16.10.2
then, 2501B>{cntl+shift+6, then x}
-Checking Telnet connections
kenn2509#sh sessions-connections from your router to remote
-Checking Telnet users
kenn2509#sh user
-Closing Telnet sessions
1900switch>exit OR
kenn2509#disconnect1 (num of active networks)
-Resolving Hostname
kenn2509#config t
kenn2509(config)#ip host 2501B 172.16.10.2
kenn2509(config)#ip host 1900switch 192.168.0.148
kenn2509(config)#^z
-Remove a hostname from a table
RouterA(config)#no ip host routerB
-Using DNS to resolve names
#config t
(config)#ip domain-lookup (usually turned on by default)
(config)#ip name-server 192.168.0.70 (ip of an assumed DNS set)
(config)#ip domain-name kenn.com (Appends the domain name to a host)
(config)#^z
-Check Network Connectivity
use ping command
#ping kenn2509
12
13. -Using Traceroute command
#trace 2501B
-Creating a Standard Access Lists (1-99 or 1,300-1,999)
(config)#access-list 10 deny 172.16.30.2 (using the ip as a test)
-Controlling vty(Telnet) sessions
(config)#access-list 50 permit 172.16.30.2
(config)#line vty 0 4
(config-line)#access-class 50 in
-Creating Extended Access-lists (100 to 199) OR (2000 to 2699)
(config)#access-list 110 deny tcp any host 172.16.30.2 eq 23 log
(config)#access-list 110 permit ip any any
(config)#int f0/0
(config-if)#ip access-group 110 in
(config-if)#ip access-group 110 out
13