Business Value and Business Model Innovation in Decentralized Interoperability Scenarios: The NisB Case

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NisB—short for “The Network is the Business”—facilitates a network of heterogeneous information producers and consumers that share a common interest in harmonizing their knowledge assets. By trading knowledge assets, the network establishes and refines interoperability between its parties. The value of the accumulated interoperability knowledge in the network improves as more the network grows in parties and assets and that interoperability knowledge constitutes economic value in its own right. The innovative idea is to maintain and refine knowledge, striving for overall consistency. Knowledge creation leverages crowd concepts and the multitude of relationships among individual information items in the same domain. NisB introduces business model archetypes that base the sharing of interoperability assets on a sound economic model balancing investment with gain while stimulating usage. Based on the understanding that many small contributions generate a great value, incentive models and mechanisms will be developed by which realized value consumed by one will compensate the other underlying contributors

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
Business Value and Business Model Innovation in
Decentralized Interoperability Scenarios:
The NisB Case
Prof. Dr. Boris Otto
University of St. Gallen
Switzerland

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
Adoption of business networking concepts
Societal, economic, and technological developments have led to a proliferation of business
networking strategies and approaches over the last decades. However, a number of
business challenges prevent business networking from fully unlocking its potential.
State of business networking
■ Diversity and heterogeneity of interoperability standards
■ Lack of semantic standardization
■ Slow standardization processes
■ Lack of business perspective in standardization
■ Lack of semantic focus
■ High interoperability efforts
Business challenges

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
The problem with standards today
«The nice thing about standards is
that you have so many to choose
from» Andrew S. Tanenbaum

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
The NisB principles
• Micro-mapping
• Wisdom of the crowd
• Emergent semantics
• Interoperability as intangible asset

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
A decentralized
micro-mapping architecture
Schema A
Schema B
Network of micro-
mappings
Legend: decomposition; micro-mapping concept; schema-mapping

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
A reference business model for
interoperability service utilities
Information Systems
Layer
Organization and
Processes Layer
Strategy Layer
Customer
Component
Financial
Component
Value Object
Component
Value
Creation
Component
Creating, Sharing,
Exchanging, Using
Interoperability Network Applications
Interoperability Network Services
Interoperability Network Technology
Type of Good Type of Offering
Revenue Source Pricing
Value Proposition Target Group Customer Role
Legend: Business model components.
Improving Administrating

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
Existing business models for intangibles
Amazon Mechanical Turk Crowd Sourcing
Apple iTunes Digital Content
Factual Data as a Service
Flattr Social Micropayment
Github Crowd Sourcing
Infochimps Data as a Service
Napster Digital Content Exchange

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
Potential business model instantiations

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
The value proposition “efficiency”
for NisB users
Cost [C]
10% 70% 90% Participation Ratio
[p/P]
Launch
Phase
Growth
Phase
Saturation
Phase
Legend: p - number of network participating in the network of interoperability information; P - overall number of
network participants.

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
Revenue source and pricing models
in the case of InfoChimps
Pricing model “Baboon” “Brass Monkey” “Silverback” “Golden Ape”
Fee free 20 USD/month 250 USD/month 4,000 USD/month
Allowed API calls
per month
100,000 500,000 2,000,000 15,000,000
Allowed calls per
hour
2,000 4,000 20,000 100,000

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
Conclusion and outlook
• There will always be a variety of standards; “ivory tower”
approaches will not be successful
• Interoperability will be achieved using the wisdom of the
crowd and emergent semantics
• Interoperability knowledge will become an intangible asset
based on which new business models will emerge

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
The NisB consortium

Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project
Speaker information
Prof. Dr. Boris Otto
Assistant Professor
University of St. Gallen, Institute of Information Management
Müller-Friedberg-Strasse 8, CH-9000 St. Gallen
+41-71-224-3220
Boris.Otto@unisg.ch

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学历认证补办【微信：A575476】【(UCSC毕业证)加州大学圣克鲁兹分校毕业证成绩单offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。【业务选择办理准则】一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！办理(UCSC毕业证)加州大学圣克鲁兹分校毕业证【微信：A575476】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理(UCSC毕业证)加州大学圣克鲁兹分校毕业证【微信：A575476】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理(UCSC毕业证)加州大学圣克鲁兹分校毕业证【微信：A575476】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理(UCSC毕业证)加州大学圣克鲁兹分校毕业证【微信：A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

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Greetings, Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi Regards. Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings, Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi Regards. Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings, Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi Regards. Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings, Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi Regards. Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings, Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi Regards. Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings, Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi Regards. Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA

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一比一原版(毕业证)一桥大学毕业证如何办理

taqyea

学历认证补办【微信：A575476】【(毕业证)一桥大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。【业务选择办理准则】一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！办理(毕业证)一桥大学毕业证【微信：A575476】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理(毕业证)一桥大学毕业证【微信：A575476】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理(毕业证)一桥大学毕业证【微信：A575476】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理(毕业证)一桥大学毕业证【微信：A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

一比一原版(Lehigh毕业证)利哈伊大学毕业证如何办理

taqyea

学历认证补办【微信：A575476】【(Lehigh毕业证)利哈伊大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。【业务选择办理准则】一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！办理(Lehigh毕业证)利哈伊大学毕业证【微信：A575476】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理(Lehigh毕业证)利哈伊大学毕业证【微信：A575476】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理(Lehigh毕业证)利哈伊大学毕业证【微信：A575476】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理(Lehigh毕业证)利哈伊大学毕业证【微信：A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

Kanban Coaching Exchange with Dave White - Sample SDR Report

Helen Meek

L'indice de performance des ports à conteneurs de l'année 2023

SPATPortToamasina

Une évaluation comparable de la performance basée sur le temps d'escale des navires L'objectif de l'ICPP est d'identifier les domaines d'amélioration qui peuvent en fin de compte bénéficier à toutes les parties concernées, des compagnies maritimes aux gouvernements nationaux en passant par les consommateurs. Il est conçu pour servir de point de référence aux principaux acteurs de l'économie mondiale, notamment les autorités et les opérateurs portuaires, les gouvernements nationaux, les organisations supranationales, les agences de développement, les divers intérêts maritimes et d'autres acteurs publics et privés du commerce, de la logistique et des services de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Le développement de l'ICPP repose sur le temps total passé par les porte-conteneurs dans les ports, de la manière expliquée dans les sections suivantes du rapport, et comme dans les itérations précédentes de l'ICPP. Cette quatrième itération utilise des données pour l'année civile complète 2023. Elle poursuit le changement introduit l'année dernière en n'incluant que les ports qui ont eu un minimum de 24 escales valides au cours de la période de 12 mois de l'étude. Le nombre de ports inclus dans l'ICPP 2023 est de 405. Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.

一比一原版(UU毕业证)犹他大学毕业证如何办理

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学历认证补办【微信：A575476】【(UU毕业证)犹他大学毕业证成绩单offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。【业务选择办理准则】一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：A575476】 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！办理(UU毕业证)犹他大学毕业证【微信：A575476】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理(UU毕业证)犹他大学毕业证【微信：A575476】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理(UU毕业证)犹他大学毕业证【微信：A575476】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理(UU毕业证)犹他大学毕业证【微信：A575476 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

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一比一原版(UU毕业证)犹他大学毕业证如何办理

Business Value and Business Model Innovation in Decentralized Interoperability Scenarios: The NisB Case

1. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project Business Value and Business Model Innovation in Decentralized Interoperability Scenarios: The NisB Case Prof. Dr. Boris Otto University of St. Gallen Switzerland

2. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project Adoption of business networking concepts Societal, economic, and technological developments have led to a proliferation of business networking strategies and approaches over the last decades. However, a number of business challenges prevent business networking from fully unlocking its potential. State of business networking ■ Diversity and heterogeneity of interoperability standards ■ Lack of semantic standardization ■ Slow standardization processes ■ Lack of business perspective in standardization ■ Lack of semantic focus ■ High interoperability efforts Business challenges

3. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project The problem with standards today «The nice thing about standards is that you have so many to choose from» Andrew S. Tanenbaum

5. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project A decentralized micro-mapping architecture Schema A Schema B Network of micro- mappings Legend: decomposition; micro-mapping concept; schema-mapping

6. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project A reference business model for interoperability service utilities Information Systems Layer Organization and Processes Layer Strategy Layer Customer Component Financial Component Value Object Component Value Creation Component Creating, Sharing, Exchanging, Using Interoperability Network Applications Interoperability Network Services Interoperability Network Technology Type of Good Type of Offering Revenue Source Pricing Value Proposition Target Group Customer Role Legend: Business model components. Improving Administrating

7. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project Existing business models for intangibles Amazon Mechanical Turk Crowd Sourcing Apple iTunes Digital Content Factual Data as a Service Flattr Social Micropayment Github Crowd Sourcing Infochimps Data as a Service Napster Digital Content Exchange

9. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project The value proposition “efficiency” for NisB users Cost [C] 10% 70% 90% Participation Ratio [p/P] Launch Phase Growth Phase Saturation Phase Legend: p - number of network participating in the network of interoperability information; P - overall number of network participants.

10. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project Revenue source and pricing models in the case of InfoChimps Pricing model “Baboon” “Brass Monkey” “Silverback” “Golden Ape” Fee free 20 USD/month 250 USD/month 4,000 USD/month Allowed API calls per month 100,000 500,000 2,000,000 15,000,000 Allowed calls per hour 2,000 4,000 20,000 100,000

11. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project Conclusion and outlook • There will always be a variety of standards; “ivory tower” approaches will not be successful • Interoperability will be achieved using the wisdom of the crowd and emergent semantics • Interoperability knowledge will become an intangible asset based on which new business models will emerge

13. Workshop 3b, 17 October 2012 eChallenges e-2012 Copyright 2012 NisB Project Speaker information Prof. Dr. Boris Otto Assistant Professor University of St. Gallen, Institute of Information Management Müller-Friedberg-Strasse 8, CH-9000 St. Gallen +41-71-224-3220 Boris.Otto@unisg.ch

Business Value and Business Model Innovation in Decentralized Interoperability Scenarios: The NisB Case

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Business Value and Business Model Innovation in Decentralized Interoperability Scenarios: The NisB Case