This document provides an overview of hydel power plants. It begins with an introduction explaining how hydel power plants convert the kinetic energy of falling water into electricity. It then discusses the history of hydel power, from ancient water wheels to modern hydroelectric plants. The working principles and typical layout of a hydel plant are explained, including components like the reservoir, dam, penstock, turbine, generator and tailrace. Hydel plants are classified based on head of water. The main turbines - Pelton, Francis and Kaplan - are depicted in diagrams. Advantages include renewability while disadvantages include high initial costs and variable power production. In conclusion, hydel power is encouraged with environmental impacts weighed against development needs.
The document discusses hydroelectric (hydel) power plants. It describes the basic working principle where potential energy from water stored behind a dam is converted to kinetic energy and used to turn turbines which generate electricity. It then outlines the key components of a typical hydroelectric power plant including the water reservoir, dam, spillways, surge tank, penstock, turbines, generators and transmission lines. It also classifies hydel plants based on water head and lists some common turbine types used. Advantages like renewable energy source and lower operating costs are highlighted along with disadvantages such as high initial costs and reduced power in drought seasons.
Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is a form of renewable energy generated from flowing water. Water turns turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. Large dams provide a reservoir of water and head of water to drive the turbines. While hydropower provides clean energy, dams can negatively impact the environment through flooding of land and disruption of ecosystems, and building dams requires massive initial investment. Hydropower projects also involve social impacts of relocating communities living in areas that will be flooded by new reservoirs.
The document discusses hydro power plants, including their essential elements and working principle. A hydro power plant uses the potential energy of stored water behind a dam to turn turbines and generate electricity. The main components are the dam, water reservoir, control gates, penstock (pipe), water turbines, and generators. Water flows from the reservoir through the penstock and its kinetic and potential energy is converted to rotational energy by the turbines. This spins the generator to produce electricity. The only hydroelectric plant in Bangladesh is the 230 MW Kaptai Dam located on the Karnaphuli River.
This document provides an overview of a hydro power plant project. It discusses site selection factors like water availability and storage. It describes the basic components and working of a hydro power plant including the catchment area, dam, penstocks, turbines, generators, and powerhouse. It classifies hydro plants by head, lists common turbine types, and discusses advantages like no fuel costs and disadvantages like high initial costs. Examples of hydro plants in Gujarat are also mentioned.
This presentation summarizes key aspects of hydroelectric power plants. It introduces hydroelectricity as a renewable energy source that converts the kinetic energy of flowing water into electricity. It then discusses applications of hydroelectric power, providing examples of how hydroelectric plants can supply base load and peak load power. The document proceeds to describe the Kaptai hydroelectric power plant in Bangladesh as a case study, detailing its dam, reservoir, and power generation capacity. It concludes by outlining the essential components and schematic arrangement of typical hydroelectric power stations.
The document discusses hydroelectric power systems and their components. It explains that hydroelectric power harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water to turn turbines that generate electricity. It describes the main components of hydropower dams including penstocks, surge tanks, turbines, power houses, draft tubes and tail races. It also discusses different types of hydroelectric schemes based on water head, including low, medium and high head plants.
This document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It begins by defining hydroelectricity as electricity generated through the use of falling or flowing water. It then provides background on the sources of power generation and the concept of hydroelectric power plants. The document goes on to describe the major components of hydroelectric power plants including the reservoir, dam, turbines, and generators. It also discusses the working, sizes, history and advantages of hydroelectric power plants, as well as examples in Pakistan.
Applications of turbines-Hydroelectric Power PlantsAnand Prithviraj
Different types of turbines used in hydroelectric power plants based on the working parameters such as head, flow, etc., Characteristics of a turbine; specific to its applications in a dam.
The document discusses hydroelectric (hydel) power plants. It describes the basic working principle where potential energy from water stored behind a dam is converted to kinetic energy and used to turn turbines which generate electricity. It then outlines the key components of a typical hydroelectric power plant including the water reservoir, dam, spillways, surge tank, penstock, turbines, generators and transmission lines. It also classifies hydel plants based on water head and lists some common turbine types used. Advantages like renewable energy source and lower operating costs are highlighted along with disadvantages such as high initial costs and reduced power in drought seasons.
Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is a form of renewable energy generated from flowing water. Water turns turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. Large dams provide a reservoir of water and head of water to drive the turbines. While hydropower provides clean energy, dams can negatively impact the environment through flooding of land and disruption of ecosystems, and building dams requires massive initial investment. Hydropower projects also involve social impacts of relocating communities living in areas that will be flooded by new reservoirs.
The document discusses hydro power plants, including their essential elements and working principle. A hydro power plant uses the potential energy of stored water behind a dam to turn turbines and generate electricity. The main components are the dam, water reservoir, control gates, penstock (pipe), water turbines, and generators. Water flows from the reservoir through the penstock and its kinetic and potential energy is converted to rotational energy by the turbines. This spins the generator to produce electricity. The only hydroelectric plant in Bangladesh is the 230 MW Kaptai Dam located on the Karnaphuli River.
This document provides an overview of a hydro power plant project. It discusses site selection factors like water availability and storage. It describes the basic components and working of a hydro power plant including the catchment area, dam, penstocks, turbines, generators, and powerhouse. It classifies hydro plants by head, lists common turbine types, and discusses advantages like no fuel costs and disadvantages like high initial costs. Examples of hydro plants in Gujarat are also mentioned.
This presentation summarizes key aspects of hydroelectric power plants. It introduces hydroelectricity as a renewable energy source that converts the kinetic energy of flowing water into electricity. It then discusses applications of hydroelectric power, providing examples of how hydroelectric plants can supply base load and peak load power. The document proceeds to describe the Kaptai hydroelectric power plant in Bangladesh as a case study, detailing its dam, reservoir, and power generation capacity. It concludes by outlining the essential components and schematic arrangement of typical hydroelectric power stations.
The document discusses hydroelectric power systems and their components. It explains that hydroelectric power harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water to turn turbines that generate electricity. It describes the main components of hydropower dams including penstocks, surge tanks, turbines, power houses, draft tubes and tail races. It also discusses different types of hydroelectric schemes based on water head, including low, medium and high head plants.
This document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It begins by defining hydroelectricity as electricity generated through the use of falling or flowing water. It then provides background on the sources of power generation and the concept of hydroelectric power plants. The document goes on to describe the major components of hydroelectric power plants including the reservoir, dam, turbines, and generators. It also discusses the working, sizes, history and advantages of hydroelectric power plants, as well as examples in Pakistan.
Applications of turbines-Hydroelectric Power PlantsAnand Prithviraj
Different types of turbines used in hydroelectric power plants based on the working parameters such as head, flow, etc., Characteristics of a turbine; specific to its applications in a dam.
1) Hydroelectric power plants utilize the potential and kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. Water is collected in a reservoir behind a dam and then sent through turbines connected to generators.
2) The essential components of a hydroelectric power plant are the catchment area, reservoir, dam, penstocks, turbines, generators, and tailrace. Water is stored in the reservoir and released through penstocks to spin the turbines.
3) Dams can be classified as masonry dams, which include gravity, buttress, and arch dams, or fill dams, consisting of earth-fill or rock-fill structures. Spillways help regulate reservoir levels and provide a safe passage for excess water.
This document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It provides information on:
- How hydroelectric plants convert potential and kinetic energy of water into electricity.
- The basic elements of hydroelectric plants include catchment areas, reservoirs, dams, turbines, generators, and safety devices.
- Hydroelectricity accounts for 25% of global electricity generation capacity and provides a renewable source of energy without pollution.
This document provides information on small hydro power plants, including their essential elements and working. It discusses that small hydro power plants can utilize small rivers and streams with little environmental impact. The key elements are a catchment area, reservoir, dam, turbines, draft tubes, power house, and safety devices. It explains that water is stored in the reservoir and flows through penstocks to drive the turbines and generate electricity in the power house. Some advantages are low costs and emissions while disadvantages include high initial costs and dependence on water availability.
This document provides a summary of a minor project report on hydro power. It discusses the history and types of hydro power plants. It describes the basic components and working of hydro power plants including dams, water reservoirs, turbines and generators. It presents a case study of the Hirakund Dam located in India, describing its structure, power generation and key features. It also lists some advantages like no fuel requirement and disadvantages like high capital costs and environmental disruption.
This document provides an overview of hydro power plants, including their basic components, working principle, types, factors for site selection, advantages, and disadvantages. The main components of hydro power plants are dams, water reservoirs, intake gates, penstocks, water turbines, and generators. Dams and reservoirs provide potential energy by storing water at a height, which is then converted to kinetic and mechanical energy by turbines to power generators and produce electricity. Site selection depends on available water sources, storage capacity, water head, distance to load centers, and land type. Hydro power has advantages of no fuel costs and lower emissions, but high initial costs and dependence on water availability.
Hydro electric power plant,site selection, classification of HEPP,criteria for turbine selection, dams, spillways, surge tank and forebay, advantages and disadvantages of HEPP, hydrograph ,flow duration curve ,mass curve,environmental impacts of HEPP
The document provides information about hydro power, including its history, types of hydro power plants, components and working, and case study of Hirakund Dam in India. Some key points:
1) Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is considered renewable as water sources are replenished.
2) Types of hydro power plants include run-of-river, reservoir, and classifications based on head of water and load.
3) Hirakund Dam is the longest earthen dam in the world located in India. It displaced over 22,000 families but provides irrigation and nearly 300MW of power.
Hydro power plants utilize the potential energy of stored water behind a dam to generate electricity. Water flows from the reservoir through penstocks to spin turbines connected to generators, converting the kinetic energy to electrical energy. Key components include the catchment area, dam/reservoir, penstocks, turbines, generators, and powerhouse. Hydro power provides clean energy but has high initial costs and depends on water availability.
introduction,working principle, hydro-logical cycle, layout of power plant, penstock, spill way, turbines, advantage and disadvantage, site selection criteria,
Hydroelectric power plant, hydro power plant ppt hydro powerplant pdf, dam wo...Aniket Raj
This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power plants in India. It begins with some key statistics on India's electricity consumption and generation. It then lists several of India's major hydroelectric power plants and their installed capacities. The rest of the document describes the basic components and functioning of hydroelectric power plants, including dams, intake structures, penstocks, turbines, generators, and tailraces. It provides a schematic diagram and explains the working principle and advantages such as being renewable and having low generation costs. Disadvantages discussed include high capital costs and environmental impacts.
This document discusses hydroelectric power generation. It describes factors to consider when selecting a generation site, such as topography and geology. It also outlines different types of hydroelectric power plants, including run-of-river, pumped storage, and impoundment. The document explains how hydroelectric power is generated by harnessing the kinetic energy of flowing water using dams, turbines, and generators to produce electricity. It notes both advantages, such as being renewable and reliable, and disadvantages, such as high construction costs and potential environmental impacts.
Hydroelectric power plant classification of hydroelectric power plant , Different types of Hydroelectric power power plant in India factor considered in selection of hydroelectric power plant
Most efficient means of producing electric energy & do not create the air- pollution, the fuel falling water is not consumed. This favourable conditions to make hydroelectric projects attractive sources of electric power.
Chapter one-Introduction to Hydroelectric power plantYimam Alemu
This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power plants. It begins with a brief history of hydropower, noting its use by Greeks over 2000 years ago for grinding wheat. It then outlines the essential elements of a hydroelectric power plant, including the catchment area, dam, reservoir, penstock, turbine, generator, and tailrace. The working principle is explained as potential energy from water height is converted to kinetic energy and then mechanical energy through the turbine to electrical energy via the generator. Advantages include renewability and low emissions, while disadvantages include high initial costs and dependence on water levels. Environmental and social impacts are also discussed.
The document describes hydel and nuclear power plants. For hydel power plants, dams and reservoirs are constructed on large rivers to store water at height, which is then sent through penstocks and water turbines to generate electricity. Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions in reactors to produce heat and generate steam to power turbines connected to generators. Both have advantages like being reliable and efficient or occupying less space, but also have disadvantages such as high construction costs or producing harmful radioactive waste.
Hydropower harnesses the gravitational force of falling or flowing water to generate electrical power and has been used for hundreds of years. It accounts for 16% of global electricity production and is the largest renewable energy source worldwide. Hydropower plants capture the kinetic energy of water and convert it into electrical energy using turbines connected to generators. While hydropower production does not emit greenhouse gases, large dams can significantly alter river ecosystems and require the displacement of communities. Emerging technologies seek to harness tidal, wave, and ocean thermal energy for power generation as well.
The document summarizes hydroelectric power, including its history, types, components, working principles, and the case study of the Hirakund Dam in India. Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. It has been used for over 2000 years and provides renewable, large-scale power. The document describes various types of hydro plants and components like dams, reservoirs, turbines and generators. It also discusses advantages like no emissions but disadvantages like ecosystem disruption.
This document provides details about the Kulekhani Hydroelectric Power Plant in Nepal. It describes the key elements of hydroelectric power plants including the catchment area that collects water, reservoirs to store water, dams to raise the water level, turbines to convert kinetic energy to mechanical energy, generators to produce electricity, and other components like penstocks, draft tubes, and trash racks. It also discusses the primary elements of the Kulekhani plant specifically, including its 126 square kilometer catchment area and 2.2 square kilometer reservoir. Finally, it outlines some advantages like low operating costs and disadvantages like high initial costs and dependence on water availability.
Chapter two-Classification of Hydroelectric Power PlantsYimam Alemu
This document outlines various ways to classify hydroelectric power plants. It discusses classification based on: 1) the quantity of water available and ability to regulate flow, including run-of-river without pondage, run-of-river with pondage, storage, and pumped storage. 2) The available head height, including high, medium, and low head. 3) The nature of the load, including base load and peak load plants. 4) Whether the plant is on or off the transmission grid. 5) The plant's capacity. 6) The purpose of the plant. 7) The hydrological relationship between plants, including single stage and cascade systems.
The document discusses hydel power in Pakistan. It states that while Pakistan faces deficiencies in oil and gas, it has abundant water resources and potential for hydel power generation. Hydel power currently provides 34% of Pakistan's renewable energy. It then outlines some benefits of hydel power, including being renewable and emitting no pollution. The document provides statistics on existing hydel power projects and their contributions. It also briefly describes how hydel power plants work and highlights some major projects like Tarbela and Mangla dams.
This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power and hydroelectric power plants. It discusses:
1. Hydroelectric power harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is considered a renewable energy source.
2. The essential elements of a hydroelectric power plant include a catchment area, reservoir, dam, spillways, conduits, surge tanks, prime movers, draft tubes, and powerhouse.
3. Dams come in various types including earth/fill dams, rockfill dams, masonry dams (gravity, buttress, arch dams), and timber dams. Site selection factors and each dam type are described.
1) Hydroelectric power plants utilize the potential and kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. Water is collected in a reservoir behind a dam and then sent through turbines connected to generators.
2) The essential components of a hydroelectric power plant are the catchment area, reservoir, dam, penstocks, turbines, generators, and tailrace. Water is stored in the reservoir and released through penstocks to spin the turbines.
3) Dams can be classified as masonry dams, which include gravity, buttress, and arch dams, or fill dams, consisting of earth-fill or rock-fill structures. Spillways help regulate reservoir levels and provide a safe passage for excess water.
This document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It provides information on:
- How hydroelectric plants convert potential and kinetic energy of water into electricity.
- The basic elements of hydroelectric plants include catchment areas, reservoirs, dams, turbines, generators, and safety devices.
- Hydroelectricity accounts for 25% of global electricity generation capacity and provides a renewable source of energy without pollution.
This document provides information on small hydro power plants, including their essential elements and working. It discusses that small hydro power plants can utilize small rivers and streams with little environmental impact. The key elements are a catchment area, reservoir, dam, turbines, draft tubes, power house, and safety devices. It explains that water is stored in the reservoir and flows through penstocks to drive the turbines and generate electricity in the power house. Some advantages are low costs and emissions while disadvantages include high initial costs and dependence on water availability.
This document provides a summary of a minor project report on hydro power. It discusses the history and types of hydro power plants. It describes the basic components and working of hydro power plants including dams, water reservoirs, turbines and generators. It presents a case study of the Hirakund Dam located in India, describing its structure, power generation and key features. It also lists some advantages like no fuel requirement and disadvantages like high capital costs and environmental disruption.
This document provides an overview of hydro power plants, including their basic components, working principle, types, factors for site selection, advantages, and disadvantages. The main components of hydro power plants are dams, water reservoirs, intake gates, penstocks, water turbines, and generators. Dams and reservoirs provide potential energy by storing water at a height, which is then converted to kinetic and mechanical energy by turbines to power generators and produce electricity. Site selection depends on available water sources, storage capacity, water head, distance to load centers, and land type. Hydro power has advantages of no fuel costs and lower emissions, but high initial costs and dependence on water availability.
Hydro electric power plant,site selection, classification of HEPP,criteria for turbine selection, dams, spillways, surge tank and forebay, advantages and disadvantages of HEPP, hydrograph ,flow duration curve ,mass curve,environmental impacts of HEPP
The document provides information about hydro power, including its history, types of hydro power plants, components and working, and case study of Hirakund Dam in India. Some key points:
1) Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is considered renewable as water sources are replenished.
2) Types of hydro power plants include run-of-river, reservoir, and classifications based on head of water and load.
3) Hirakund Dam is the longest earthen dam in the world located in India. It displaced over 22,000 families but provides irrigation and nearly 300MW of power.
Hydro power plants utilize the potential energy of stored water behind a dam to generate electricity. Water flows from the reservoir through penstocks to spin turbines connected to generators, converting the kinetic energy to electrical energy. Key components include the catchment area, dam/reservoir, penstocks, turbines, generators, and powerhouse. Hydro power provides clean energy but has high initial costs and depends on water availability.
introduction,working principle, hydro-logical cycle, layout of power plant, penstock, spill way, turbines, advantage and disadvantage, site selection criteria,
Hydroelectric power plant, hydro power plant ppt hydro powerplant pdf, dam wo...Aniket Raj
This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power plants in India. It begins with some key statistics on India's electricity consumption and generation. It then lists several of India's major hydroelectric power plants and their installed capacities. The rest of the document describes the basic components and functioning of hydroelectric power plants, including dams, intake structures, penstocks, turbines, generators, and tailraces. It provides a schematic diagram and explains the working principle and advantages such as being renewable and having low generation costs. Disadvantages discussed include high capital costs and environmental impacts.
This document discusses hydroelectric power generation. It describes factors to consider when selecting a generation site, such as topography and geology. It also outlines different types of hydroelectric power plants, including run-of-river, pumped storage, and impoundment. The document explains how hydroelectric power is generated by harnessing the kinetic energy of flowing water using dams, turbines, and generators to produce electricity. It notes both advantages, such as being renewable and reliable, and disadvantages, such as high construction costs and potential environmental impacts.
Hydroelectric power plant classification of hydroelectric power plant , Different types of Hydroelectric power power plant in India factor considered in selection of hydroelectric power plant
Most efficient means of producing electric energy & do not create the air- pollution, the fuel falling water is not consumed. This favourable conditions to make hydroelectric projects attractive sources of electric power.
Chapter one-Introduction to Hydroelectric power plantYimam Alemu
This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power plants. It begins with a brief history of hydropower, noting its use by Greeks over 2000 years ago for grinding wheat. It then outlines the essential elements of a hydroelectric power plant, including the catchment area, dam, reservoir, penstock, turbine, generator, and tailrace. The working principle is explained as potential energy from water height is converted to kinetic energy and then mechanical energy through the turbine to electrical energy via the generator. Advantages include renewability and low emissions, while disadvantages include high initial costs and dependence on water levels. Environmental and social impacts are also discussed.
The document describes hydel and nuclear power plants. For hydel power plants, dams and reservoirs are constructed on large rivers to store water at height, which is then sent through penstocks and water turbines to generate electricity. Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions in reactors to produce heat and generate steam to power turbines connected to generators. Both have advantages like being reliable and efficient or occupying less space, but also have disadvantages such as high construction costs or producing harmful radioactive waste.
Hydropower harnesses the gravitational force of falling or flowing water to generate electrical power and has been used for hundreds of years. It accounts for 16% of global electricity production and is the largest renewable energy source worldwide. Hydropower plants capture the kinetic energy of water and convert it into electrical energy using turbines connected to generators. While hydropower production does not emit greenhouse gases, large dams can significantly alter river ecosystems and require the displacement of communities. Emerging technologies seek to harness tidal, wave, and ocean thermal energy for power generation as well.
The document summarizes hydroelectric power, including its history, types, components, working principles, and the case study of the Hirakund Dam in India. Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. It has been used for over 2000 years and provides renewable, large-scale power. The document describes various types of hydro plants and components like dams, reservoirs, turbines and generators. It also discusses advantages like no emissions but disadvantages like ecosystem disruption.
This document provides details about the Kulekhani Hydroelectric Power Plant in Nepal. It describes the key elements of hydroelectric power plants including the catchment area that collects water, reservoirs to store water, dams to raise the water level, turbines to convert kinetic energy to mechanical energy, generators to produce electricity, and other components like penstocks, draft tubes, and trash racks. It also discusses the primary elements of the Kulekhani plant specifically, including its 126 square kilometer catchment area and 2.2 square kilometer reservoir. Finally, it outlines some advantages like low operating costs and disadvantages like high initial costs and dependence on water availability.
Chapter two-Classification of Hydroelectric Power PlantsYimam Alemu
This document outlines various ways to classify hydroelectric power plants. It discusses classification based on: 1) the quantity of water available and ability to regulate flow, including run-of-river without pondage, run-of-river with pondage, storage, and pumped storage. 2) The available head height, including high, medium, and low head. 3) The nature of the load, including base load and peak load plants. 4) Whether the plant is on or off the transmission grid. 5) The plant's capacity. 6) The purpose of the plant. 7) The hydrological relationship between plants, including single stage and cascade systems.
The document discusses hydel power in Pakistan. It states that while Pakistan faces deficiencies in oil and gas, it has abundant water resources and potential for hydel power generation. Hydel power currently provides 34% of Pakistan's renewable energy. It then outlines some benefits of hydel power, including being renewable and emitting no pollution. The document provides statistics on existing hydel power projects and their contributions. It also briefly describes how hydel power plants work and highlights some major projects like Tarbela and Mangla dams.
This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power and hydroelectric power plants. It discusses:
1. Hydroelectric power harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is considered a renewable energy source.
2. The essential elements of a hydroelectric power plant include a catchment area, reservoir, dam, spillways, conduits, surge tanks, prime movers, draft tubes, and powerhouse.
3. Dams come in various types including earth/fill dams, rockfill dams, masonry dams (gravity, buttress, arch dams), and timber dams. Site selection factors and each dam type are described.
The document discusses hydropower in India. It provides an introduction to hydropower, outlines its history in India, and discusses its current status and challenges. Some key points include:
- Hydropower is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that currently contributes around 22% of global electricity supply.
- The first hydropower dam in India was built in the early 1900s by Jamshedji Tata to supply power to textile mills.
- The government aims to realize India's full hydropower potential of 150,000 MW by 2025-26 to meet increasing energy demands.
- Major challenges include low exploitation of potential so far, technical difficulties, financial issues, and environmental/
Micro Hydro Power Plant is a small power plant which is built up over the rivers in mountains & hills area. It is a low cost power plant that can produce power from 5 kW to 500 kW. It can full-fill needs of a small village or a town. It does not require any big bulky machines & water storage area because it uses stream of water which runs the turbine. It is a clean & green source of energy.
This document summarizes a micro hydro power plant project with unmanned power distribution. The project uses common components like a water tank, flywheel turbine, water level detector, pump, motor and generator to harness energy from flowing water without human operation. It has potential applications for small-scale power generation for homes or industries using water sources like small rivers or canals. The system could help provide electricity in rural areas and reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources.
This document provides information on hydroelectric power plants. It discusses the essential components which include a catchment area, reservoir, dam, intake house, waterways, power house, and tailrace. It describes the different types of dams and turbines used. Hydroelectric power is a renewable source of energy since water is continuously available from rainfall and rivers. While hydroelectric power plants have many advantages like low operating costs, they also have disadvantages such as high initial costs and reduced power production during drought seasons.
This document discusses renewable energy and hydropower. It defines renewable energy as energy from natural resources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat. Hydropower is generated from water flow and is captured using dams, turbines and generators. Large hydropower dams can power cities but require large initial investments, and have social costs from relocating residents and environmental impacts from flooding land. Smaller run-of-river hydropower projects have fewer impacts. Hydropower is a significant renewable source that produces clean energy without pollution.
Development of an Embedded System and MATLAB Program for Industrial and Biome...Heerok Mutsuddy
Worked in a thesis project under the supervision of MD. Shamsul Arefin, Asst. Prof., Faculty of Engineering, AIUB, on "Development of an Embedded System and MATLAB Program for Industrial and Biomedical Data Acquisition and Analysis".
This document proposes a micro hydel power generation system that uses the kinetic energy of rainwater flowing off a building roof to generate electricity. The system includes a water turbine connected to an alternator to produce alternating current, batteries to store the generated power, and an inverter to convert the stored power to alternating current to power AC/DC loads. The system aims to provide a reliable power source for rural areas prone to power failures in a cost-effective manner using readily available rainwater.
Micro hydro power background concepts, including general electric energy production, large scale hydroelectric production, small scale and run of the river micro hydro, pelton wheels, classifications, case studies, etc.
Amitabh Shukla presented on how a hydro power plant works. A hydro power plant harnesses the power of moving water to generate electricity. It works by constructing a dam across a river to form a reservoir. Water from the reservoir flows through penstocks and turbines, converting the kinetic energy of the moving water into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy spins a generator to produce electricity. The document discusses the components of hydro power plants including dams, turbines, generators and transmission lines. It also covers types of hydro plants based on dam design and turbine technology. Advantages and disadvantages of hydro power are outlined.
This document provides an introduction to a final year project focused on the optimization and design of a micro hydro power plant. It discusses the use of hydroelectric power from waterwheels as a renewable energy source. Waterwheels can harness kinetic energy from low head flows and have relatively low costs. The document reviews different types of waterwheels and the history of micro hydro power projects in Pakistan. It identifies the need to address Pakistan's energy crisis and outlines the objectives of the project, which are to study micro hydro literature, perform calculations to determine power from water flow, design and optimize a waterwheel and catamaran structure, and analyze the structural strength using ANSYS software.
India has significant hydroelectric potential, estimated at 148,700 MW. Currently, hydroelectric power accounts for approximately 21.5% of India's total electricity generation capacity, with 37,367 MW installed. However, demand for power continues to outpace supply, with peak demand shortages averaging around 9%. The government aims to increase hydroelectric capacity through developing new projects and integrating small solar installations at existing hydroelectric facilities.
This document discusses micro-hydro power plants, which generate up to 100 kW of electricity from natural water flows. Micro-hydro plants provide power to isolated homes and small communities, complementing solar energy which has lower output in winter. The key components of a micro-hydro plant are an intake, penstock, turbine, generator, and electronic load controller. Different turbine types like Pelton, Turgo, and cross-flow are used depending on the head and flow. Synchronous and induction generators are commonly used. Micro-hydro power is a renewable and economical energy source for remote areas not connected to the electric grid.
1) Hydroelectric power has significant untapped potential in Pakistan to help address the country's energy needs.
2) Pakistan currently generates around 35% of its energy from hydropower but has an estimated potential of over 41,000MW, most of which remains unutilized.
3) Harnessing more of Pakistan's hydro potential through projects like Diamer-Bhasha Dam could help reduce the country's reliance on expensive and imported fossil fuels for energy generation.
COST ESTIMATION OF SMALL HYDRO POWER GENERATIONRajeev Kumar
R. Montanari [4] in his paper presents an original method for finding the most economically advantageous choice for the installation of micro hydroelectric plants. More precisely, the paper that follows is to be considered in a context defined as “problematic” by those who have the job of constructing water-flow plants with only small head and modest flow rates. Traditional plant solutions using Kaplan or Francis type turbines must be rejected because of the high levels of initial investments. Much more simple configurations must be analyzed, such as plants with propeller turbines or Michel–Banki turbines, in order to reduce the investment costs. The general methodology applied provides a powerful decision-making instrument which is able to define the best plant configuration. The method is based on the use of economic profitability indicators, such as the Net Present Value (NPV), calculated using the plant project parameters, the nominal flow rate and head, and the particular hydrologic characteristics of the site, such as the type of distribution, the average value and the standard deviation of the flow rates in the course of water supplying the plant
S.M.H. Hosseinia, F. Forouzbakhshb, M. Rahimpoor [6] in their paper a method to calculate the annual energy has presented, as is the program developed using Excel software. This program analyzes and estimates the most important economic indices of a small hydro power plant using the sensitivity analysis method. Another program, developed by Mat lab software, calculates the reliability indices for a number of units of a small hydro power plant with a specified load duration curve using the Monte Carlo method. Ultimately, comparing the technical, economic and reliability indices will determine the optimal installation capacity of a small hydro power plant.
S.K. Singal and R.P.Saini [9] has presented methodology to determine the correlations for the cost of different components of canal based small hydro power schemes. The cost based on the developed correlations, having different head and capacity, has been compared with the available cost data of the existing hydropower stations. It has been found that these correlations can be used reasonably for the estimation of cost of new canal-based SHP schemes.
Micro-hydro power plants typically produce up to 100 kW of electricity using the natural flow of water and can provide power to isolated homes or small communities. They are made up of several components including an intake, canal, penstock, turbine, generator, and controlling unit. Turbines convert the flow and pressure energy of water into mechanical energy to turn generators that produce electricity. Micro-hydro power has advantages such as being an economic, renewable energy source that does not require reservoirs or cause environmental harm. However, it has disadvantages like low power generation during periods of low rainfall.
The document discusses the analysis and design of a hybrid power station that combines hydroelectric and solar power generation. It aims to provide a reliable electricity supply to remote areas using renewable energy sources. The proposed hybrid power station would generate electricity using both a hydroelectric turbine powered by water and solar photovoltaic panels. The power sources would be integrated and the electricity could be used directly, stored in batteries, or inverted to alternate current as needed to supply loads. A block diagram and workflow overview are provided.
1. Hydroelectric power plants harness the kinetic energy of flowing water by using a turbine connected to an electric generator. Water is stored in a reservoir behind a dam and then flows through a penstock to spin the turbine blades.
2. The turbine spins a shaft connected to a generator to produce electricity. Common types of turbines include Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines which are suited for different water flows and heads.
3. In addition to generating electricity, pumped storage plants can pump water back up to the reservoir during low demand to be available for power generation during peak loads. Hydroelectric power is a renewable source that produces no emissions.
Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water to generate electricity. It has been used for centuries to power mills and factories. Modern hydropower plants first emerged in the late 19th century and have since become a major source of renewable energy worldwide. Hydropower is classified based on factors like plant size and head. Key components include dams, reservoirs, penstocks, turbines, generators, and transformers. While hydropower has significant advantages as a clean energy source, new plants also face environmental challenges and changing water availability due to climate change. Many regions still have potential to expand sustainable hydropower development in the future.
This document provides an overview of different classifications and types of hydroelectric power plants:
- Hydroelectric plants can be classified based on capacity, head, purpose, transmission, and hydrological relationship. Types include large, small, mini, micro, and pico plants.
- Large hydro plants can generate over 10,000 MW while micro plants are under 100 kW. Francis turbines are commonly used for heads of 40-600 meters.
- Other types discussed include run-of-river plants, pumped storage which pumps water back up, tidal plants using ocean tides, and underground plants using a natural height difference between waterways.
Image result for hydro power plant in india
India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world ranking third worldwide in the total number of dams. As of 31 March 2016, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 42,783 MW, or 14.35% of its total utility power generation capacity.
Hydroelectric power is power harnessed from converting the energy coming from running water. The mechanical energy is transferred from a rotating turbine to a generator, which produces energy. Hydro power is a shorthand term that can be used in place of hydroelectric power, both mechanical and electric.
This document provides an introduction to hydropower engineering. It discusses how hydropower works by capturing the kinetic energy of falling water through turbines connected to generators. The amount of electricity generated depends on water flow rate and head (drop height). It also categorizes different types of hydropower developments including run-of-river, diversion canal, storage, and pumped storage plants. Site selection factors for hydropower include available water resources, water storage capacity, water head, and accessibility of the site.
Hydroelectric power plants harness the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electrical power. There are several types of hydroelectric power plants classified by their hydraulic characteristics and operating head. Run-of-river plants utilize minimum river flows without storage, while storage plants feature upstream reservoirs. Pumped storage plants pump water back uphill during off-peak hours. Tidal plants use the difference between high and low tides. Classification by head includes low-head (<15m), medium-head (15-60m), and high-head (>60m) schemes. The major components of a typical hydroelectric scheme are the intake, penstocks, turbines, generators, and powerhouse. Impulse turbines like Pelton wheels and reaction turbines
Hydro power plant presentation project by pratik diyora 100420106008Pratik Diyora
This document summarizes a student project on a hydroelectric power plant. It includes sections on the basic components and principles of hydroelectricity including dams, intake, penstocks, turbines, generators, transformers, and power houses. It also describes different types of hydroelectric plants based on head including low, medium, and high head schemes. World's largest hydroelectric plants like China's Three Gorges Dam and India's largest plants including Tehri Dam and Sardar Sarovar Dam are highlighted. The document is intended to provide an overview of hydroelectric power generation.
A hydroelectric power system works by converting the kinetic energy of flowing water into electrical energy. Water turns turbines that are connected to generators, producing electricity. The key components are turbines, generators housed in a power house, and other infrastructure like penstocks, a surge tank, draft tubes and a tailrace. The amount of power generated depends on the head (water height) and flow rate, with higher heads and flows producing more electricity.
This document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It describes three types of hydroelectric facilities: impoundment, diversion, and pumped storage. Impoundment facilities use dams to store river water, while diversion facilities channel river water without using dams. Pumped storage facilities pump water between upper and lower reservoirs to store energy. The document also outlines sizes of hydroelectric plants from micro to large, key components like dams, turbines and generators, and advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power.
This presentation provides information about hydro power plants. It discusses the working principle where potential energy of water stored behind a dam is converted to kinetic energy and used to turn turbines that generate electricity. It describes the typical layout including components like the reservoir, dam, spillway, penstock, turbine and generator. It classifies hydro plants based on head of water as high, medium or low head. Advantages include being renewable and having low operating costs, while disadvantages include high initial costs and reduced output during droughts.
This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power plants in India. It discusses that India's total electricity consumption in 2018-2019 was 1547 TWh, with hydro power making up 13.21% of total electricity generation. It then describes the basic components of a hydroelectric power plant, including the dam, intake structure, penstocks, turbines, generators, and tailrace. It explains how hydroelectricity works by using flowing water to spin turbines and generate mechanical energy, which is then converted to electrical energy. The document highlights advantages such as no fuel requirements and air pollution, and disadvantages including high capital costs and impact on aquatic ecosystems.
The document discusses India's energy crisis and the potential for hydropower to help address it. It notes that coal demand outpaces supply, contributing to the crisis, while hydropower development has been hindered by social and environmental concerns. Hydropower could help by utilizing India's water resources for electricity generation. The document then provides a basic overview of how hydropower plants work, including their key components like dams, reservoirs, penstocks, turbines, and power stations. It also mentions the environmental impacts of hydropower and India's current hydropower capacity.
This document provides information about hydroelectric power plants. It discusses the basic components and principles of hydroelectric dams, including reservoirs, dams, penstocks, turbines, generators, and transformers. It also describes different types of hydroelectric plants based on factors like head, capacity, and location. Several major hydroelectric plants in India are discussed as examples, including Sardar Sarovar and Ukai. International examples of different types of dam structures are also summarized.
Calculation Efficiency of 5GW Hydropower Plant.Salman Jailani
This document describes the components and working of a 5GW hydropower plant. It explains that water from a reservoir is stored behind a dam and flows through various components like penstocks, turbines, generators to produce electricity. Key components discussed include the dam, spillway, surge tank, penstock, turbine, generator and tailrace. The working involves converting the gravitational potential energy of water stored at an elevation into kinetic energy by letting it flow through turbines which spin generators to produce electricity. Calculations show that with a flow rate of 6000 cubic meters per second and effective head of 100 meters, the plant can generate around 5GW of power.
Calculation Efficiency of 2GW Hydropower Plant.Salman Jailani
This document describes the components and working of a 2GW hydropower plant. It explains key elements like the reservoir, dam, spillway, gate, pressure tunnel, surge tank and their purposes. It then covers the penstock, inlet valve, hydraulic turbine, draft tube and tail water level. The working involves potential energy of water stored by the dam being converted to mechanical energy by the turbine to power the electric generator. Factors influencing efficiency are also discussed. In the end, calculations show the power output of the plant is approximately 2.1kW for given parameters of head, flow rate and efficiency.
HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANTS : Major hydroelectric plants operational in IndiaMayurjyotiNeog
This brief presentation includes a study a hydroelectric powerplants, how they work, their components, types of hydroelectric powerplants available, its advantages and limitations and hydraulic powerplants in India.
This document presents information about hydroelectric power plants in India. It discusses the key components of hydroelectric plants including dams, reservoirs, turbines, generators, and penstocks. It explains how the potential energy of stored water is converted to kinetic energy and then electrical energy. The document notes that hydroelectric power provides 30% of the world's energy and discusses the first hydroelectric plants constructed in India in the early 1900s. It outlines the advantages of hydroelectric power in being renewable with low operating costs but also notes disadvantages like high initial costs and dependence on water availability.
2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCION
• HISTORY OF HYDEL POWER PLANT
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• DIAGRAM
• LAYOUT OF HYDEL POWER PLANT
• CLASSIFICATIONS
• TURBINES DIAGRAMS
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
2
3. INTRODUCTION
• Hydroelectric power plants convert the kinetic energy contained in
falling water into electricity. The energy in flowing water is
ultimately derived from the sun, and is therefore constantly being
renewed. Energy contained in sunlight evaporates water from the
oceans and deposits it on land in the form of rain. Differences in
land elevation result in rainfall runoff, and allow some of the
original solar energy to be captured as hydroelectric power
• Hydropower is currently the world's largest renewable source of
electricity, accounting for 6% of worldwide energy supply or about
15% of the world's electricity. Figure 1 shows a ranking of top
hydro generating counties. Traditionally thought of as a cheap and
clean source of electricity, most large hydro-electric schemes
being planned today are coming up against a great deal of
opposition from environmental groups and native people.
3
4. HISTORY OF HYDEL POWER
PLANT
• - Nearly 2000 years ago the Greeks used water wheels to
grind wheat into flour
• - In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for milling of
lumber and grain and for pumping irrigation water
• - Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational
hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882,
producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power
• - The total electrical capacity generated was equivalent to 250
lights
• - Within the next 20 years roughly 300 hydroelectric plants
were operational around the world
• - The invention of the hydraulic reaction turbine created the
sudden expansion of hydropower
• - 40% of the United States' electricity was provided by
hydroelectric power in the early 1900's
4
5. Hydro electric (Hydel) Power Plant
• Working principle
• Potential energy is the energy
which a substance has due to
its position or state. The water
behind a dam has potential
energy because of its position.
The water can fall from this
position and exert a force over
a distance and therefore do
work.
• In a Hydro-electric power plant
the force is used to drive a
turbine, which inturn drives the
electric generator.
• Because gravity provides the
force which makes the water
fall, the energy stored in the 5
water is called gravitational
9. Layout of Hydro electric power plant
• Water reservoir:
• In a reservoir the water collected
from the catchment area is
stored behind a dam.
• Catchment area gets its water
from rain and streams.
• The level of water surface in the
reservoir is called Head water
level.
Note : Continuous availability of
water is a basic necessity for a
hydro-electric power plant.
• Dam :
• The purpose of the dam is to
store the water and to regulate
the out going flow of water.
• The dam helps to store all the
incoming water. It also helps to
increase the head of the water.
In order to generate a required
quantity of power it is necessary
that a sufficient head is 9
available.
10. Layout of Hydro electric power
plant…
• Spillway:
• Excess accumulation of water
endangers the stability of dam
construction. Also in order to
avoid the over flow of water out
of the dam especially during
rainy seasons spillways are
provided. This prevents the rise
of water level in the dam.
• Spillways are passages which
allows the excess water to flow
to a storage area away from the
dam.
• Gate :
• A gate is used to regulate or
control the flow of water from the
dam.
• Pressure tunnel:
• It is a passage that carries water
from the reservoir to the surge
tank.
10
11. Layout of Hydro electric power
plant…
• Surge tank:
• A Surge tank is a small reservoir or
tank in which the water level rises
or falls due to sudden changes in
pressure.
Purpose of surge tank:
• To serve as a supply tank to the
turbine when the water in the pipe
is accelerated during increased
load conditions and as a storage
tank when the water is decelerating
during reduced load conditions.
• To reduce the distance between the
free water surface in the dam and
the turbine, thereby reducing the
water-hammer effect on penstock
and also protect the upstream
tunnel from high pressure rise.
Water-hammer effect :
• The water hammer is defined as the
change in pressure rapidly above or
below normal pressure caused by 11
sudden change in the rate of water
12. Layout of Hydro electric power
plant…
• Penstock:
• Penstock is a closed pipe of steel
or concrete for supplying water
under pressure to the turbine.
• Inlet valve :
• Water from the penstock flows to
the turbine through the inlet valve.
The valve may be partially closed or
open thereby regulating the
pressure of water flowing to the
turbine.
• Hydraulic turbine(Prime mover) :
• The hydraulic turbine converts the
energy of water into mechanical
energy. The mechanical
energy(rotation) available on the
turbine shaft is coupled to the shaft
of an electric generator and
electricity is produced. The water
after performing the work on turbine
blades is discharged through the
draft tube. 12
• The prime movers which are in
13. Layout of Hydro electric power
plant…
• Draft tube:
• It is connected to the outlet of the turbine.
• It allows the turbine to be placed above the tail
water level.
• Tail water level or Tail race:
• Tail water level is the water level after the
discharge from the turbine. The discharged
water is sent to the river, thus the level of the
river is the tail water level.
• Electric generator, Step-up transformer
and Pylon :
• As the water rushes through the turbine, it
spins the turbine shaft, which is coupled to the
electric generator. The generator has a
rotating electromagnet called a rotor and a
stationary part called a stator. The rotor
creates a magnetic field that produces an
electric charge in the stator. The charge is
transmitted as electricity. The step-up
transformer increases the voltage of the
current coming from the stator. The electricity
is distributed through power lines also called
as pylon.
13
14. Classification of Hydro electric powe
plants
• Hydro –electric power plants are usually classified according to the
available head of water.
High head power plants : Head of water is more than
500 metres. The turbine used in such plants is Pelton wheel.
Medium head power plants : Head of water ranges
from 80 to 500 metres. The
turbine used in such plants is Francis turbine.
Low head power plants : Head of water ranges from
1.5 to 80 metres. The
turbine used in such plants is Kaplan turbine and
Francis turbine.
14
18. Advantages of hydel
power plant
• Water is a renewable energy source.
• Maintenance and operation charges are very low.
• The efficiency of the plant does not change with age.
• In addition to power generation, hydro-electric power plants are
also useful for flood control, irrigation purposes, fishery and
recreation.
• Have a longer life(100 to 125 years) as they operate at
atmospheric temperature.
• Water stored in the hydro-electric power plants can also be
used for domestic water supply.
• Since hydro-electric power plants run at low speeds(300 to 400
rpm) there is no requirement of special alloy steel construction
materials or specialised mechanical maintenance.
18
19. Hydro electric (Hydel) Power Plant…
• Disadvantages of hydel power plant :
• The initial cost of the plant is very high.
• Since they are located far away from the load centre, cost of
transmission lines and transmission losses will be more.
• During drought season the power production may be reduced
or even stopped due to insufficient water in the reservoir.
• Water in the reservoir is lost by evaporation.
19
20. CONCLUSION
• Should hydroelectric power be encouraged? I believe the answer to be a
• cautious ‘Yes’.
• Weighing up the benefits and environmental disadvantages is difficult. Until
• recently, projects deemed to be for ‘the greater good’ of the country were
• carried out regardless of the local human and environmental cost. This has
• changed recently, but it is still very difficult to balance. For example, Egypt’s
• communities have benefited from receiving electricity, yet the effect of building
• the Aswan dam has been to starve the farming communities of nutrient-rich silt
• that used to be brought down on the floods each year.
• The benefits of electricity are undisputable for both economic and social
• development, and if the balance is between providing electricity that reduces
• the human mortality rate and protecting the environment, the former must be
• chosen. To choose the latter is arrogance on our part, sitting in well-lit comfy
• buildings, legislating for an effect that will never harm us.
• The theoretical amount of hydroelectric power available world-wide is about four
• times more than has been exploited at the present time (Lamark et al., 1998). It
• is clear that the actual amount of hydroelectricity generated will be much less
• than this total, due to the growing anxiety about environmental costs and the
• economic cost of developing many of these sites.
• Although it is feasible for large scale hydroelectric power projects to be
• developed I do not believe this to be desirable because of the huge
• environmental impact. However an increase in SHP schemes should be
• encouraged to meet local needs.
20
21. REFERENCES
• Diesendorf, M. (2004) "Comparison of employment potential of the coal
and
• wind power industries" Int. J. Environment, Workplace, and Employment,
• 1, 82-90.
• Fearnside, P. M. (2002) "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Hydroelectric
• Reservoir (Brazil's Tucurua Dam) and the Energy Policy Implications"
• Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 133, 69-96.
• Fearnside, P. M. (2004) "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydroelectric
Dams:
• Controversies Provide a Springboard for Rethinking a Supposedly
• "Clean" Energy Source." Climatic Change, 66, 1-8.
• Graham-Rowe, D. (2005) In New Scientist.
• Hoey, J. and Postl, B. (1998) "Determinants -- and determination" CMAJ,
158,
• 1467-1468.
• IHA. 2003. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Reservoirs. International
• Hydropower Association
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