On the extended clinical workflows for personalized healthcare

Editor's Notes

1. In a way, EHR is the patient specific representation of a clinical workflow, combined with information (from the observations) collected in the course of this workflow. CPOE entries are initially entered according to first patient observations and treatment plan. Once the treatments are launched, namely during and after entered orders execution, it may become necessary to require additional actions, such as pre-operation planning, other tests, etc. When all treatments (in one or multiple iterations) are carried out, the patient is discharged or transferred. All treatments’ results and notes, including the administrative data on the discharge and transfer are added to a patient’s EHR.
2. These observations may be collected, organized and shared across the laboratories and hospitals, so that clinical and non-clinical experts can collaboratively interpret, model, validate and understand the data. The impact of the VPH on industry will first be felt in the medical device and pharmaceutical industries [1]. The prediction sets an interesting assumption that the knowledge relevant to VPH will be integrated faster across the boundaries of all organizations involved in a healthcare (including hospitals, clinical centers, as well as pharmaceutical and manufacturing industries), than within the clinical centers. The prediction is argued by the global distribution of innovation interest and knowledge and developing trend in providing personalized healthcare, which is often related to customization of the medical products.
3. standard bone implants are sometimes not sufficient because of abnormal joint anatomy or possible risks of postoperative complications [10], such as aseptic loosening which occurs due to uneven stress distribution on the bone surface.