Publishing xml

Style Sheet Languages
• Language that expresses the presentation of structured
documents.
– font, font size, font weight, background color, spacing between
elements, borders around the elements etc.
• Content can be reused in many contexts and presented in
various ways.
– One XML doc can be formatted in ‘n’ different ways just by
changing the style sheet.
– Different styles designated for different purposes like print,
web designing, presentations etc. with styles designed for the
specific medium
– Without changing the content in the doc itself
• Example of style sheet language:
– CSS

CSS
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
• To apply style to the webpage.
• Style defines how to display the xml elements.
• CSS works much better with XML than with HTML
– XML elements does not have any predefined formatting
– No restriction of which CSS should be applied to which
elements
• CSS has a list of rules
– each rule as a specific format
property {selector: value}
• Types of style sheet
– Internal
– External

Using Style Sheet with XML
• In the XML we can include the CSS as:
<?xml-stylesheet type=”text/css” href=”mystyle.css”?>
@import url(mystyle.css);
• <?xml-stylesheet?> is the PI used to instruct the
browser that
– when XML file is loaded, apply the styles available in
the “mystyle.css” to the current document
– “type” attribute specifies the MIME type of the style
sheet
• text/css for CSS
• text/xsl for XSL

• Example: An XML doc to describe info about the
POEM
POEM {display: block}
TITLE {display: block; font-size: 18pt; font-weight:italics}
POET {display: block; margin-bottom: 10px}
STANZA {display: block; margin-bottom: 10px}
VERSE {display: block}

CSS Syntax
• A CSS rule has two main parts:
– A selector
– One or more declarations
empName { display: block }
• Selection of Elements
– Part of the css which specifies which elements it applies to
POEM {display : block} POEM is the selector
• Grouping Selectors
– apply same style to multiple elements
• Pseudo Class
– Sometimes it is required to style two elements of the same type in a
different way
– Example: one paragraph in italics and the other in bold
– To perform this add a class attribute to one of the elements and
then write a rule for the elements in the given class

Grouping Selectors
• You can group the selectors as:

CSS ID and Class
• Id selector is used to specify a style to a
unique element.
<Empid id=“h1”>
• Class selector is used to specify a style for a
group of elements.
<Empname class=“c1”>
<Empaddress class=“c1”>

Style Attribute
• Style attribute can be attached to the element
without editing the style sheet for the
document.

Publishing xml

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