This document provides a policy analysis and recommendations for Mayor Denis Law of Renton to reduce the financial burden of housing costs on the city's economically vulnerable residents. It finds that 82% of Renton households earning under $35,000/year spend over 30% of their income on housing. The analysis evaluates 5 policy options against criteria of cost efficiency, impact on affordable housing supply, access to amenities, political feasibility, and technical feasibility. It ultimately recommends creating a Renton Earned Income Housing Credit voucher program, which would provide $1 million annually in rental assistance vouchers funded through the Renton Housing Authority's surplus budget. This option aims to minimize tradeoffs by expanding housing options while significantly reducing poverty concentration in the city.
The document outlines the major economic functions of government which include establishing a legal framework, maintaining competition, redistributing income, reallocating resources to address externalities, providing public goods and services, promoting economic stability through fiscal and monetary policies, and financing these functions through tax revenues and expenditures at the federal, state, and local levels. Key economic functions involve setting rules, regulating markets, addressing market failures, providing certain goods and services, and stabilizing the economy.
Michigan State University's 64th round of the State of the State Survey finds that state citizens are evenly split over the state's new status as a right to work state. The Michigan Legislature passed historic new laws as 2012 ended. The survey inquiried of about 1,000 people during the first quarter of 2013.
The letter requests that Governor Inslee convene representatives from housing providers to provide advice on designing a rent relief distribution program for funds allocated by recent federal legislation. The program should pay full unpaid rent and utility bills for affected households, consider current income for eligibility, pay at least 90% of funds directly to housing providers, limit third parties, use existing lender relationships, make direct electronic payments, allow future rent/utility payments if COVID impacts continue, and modify eviction bans to allow eviction of tenants who can pay but aren't. It emphasizes that the law requires payment to housing providers, and state and local governments must work quickly with property owners to ensure resources reach those most in need.
The document summarizes comments made by Michael Turnipseed of the Kern County Taxpayers Association during the 2011-2012 Kern County budget hearings. It addresses challenges facing the national and local economy and recommends that the county board of supervisors focus on improving outcomes in education, employment, poverty, crime, and health by prioritizing goals, developing new strategies, and encouraging collaboration between local governments. It also stresses the need for the board to advocate for policies that promote jobs and economic growth.
$25 billion will be allocated for rental assistance from 2021 through September 2022 for households impacted by Covid-19. The CDC eviction ban will end on January 31, 2021. State and local governments will distribute funds to households making less than 80% of the area median income who are at risk of homelessness or have experienced financial hardship or unemployment due to Covid-19. Housing providers will be paid on behalf of eligible renters unless they refuse payment. Renters or providers can apply for assistance on the renter's behalf if they cosign the application.
How to target your Discretionary Housing Payments wellPolicy in Practice
It's hard for local authorities to be sure that support is reaching the households that need help the most. We know that 9 in 10 applications for a Discretionary Housing Payment (DHP) are successful, yet only 1 in 5 households that need a DHP apply. We help local authorities carry out a full needs assessment, as recommended by the DWP, using housing benefit data to create insights that will make council's DHP funds go further.
In this webinar we looked at levels of financial resilience and the need for Discretionary Housing Payments. We were joined by Ellie Kershaw, London Borough of Tower Hamlets, who spoke about how they spend DHP money in line with their local priorities and how they're raising awareness and increasing referrals from those in need.
View the slides to see how our LIFT Dashboard and Benefit and Budgeting Calculator helps LB Tower Hamlets to:
- ensure the consistency of help given by frontline staff
- reduce the time it takes staff to understand eligibility for a DHP
- evidence how well their DHP strategy is working
To find out more visit www.policyinpractice.co.uk, email hello@policyinpractice.co.uk or call 0330 088 9242
The document outlines the major economic functions of government which include establishing a legal framework, maintaining competition, redistributing income, reallocating resources to address externalities, providing public goods and services, promoting economic stability through fiscal and monetary policies, and financing these functions through tax revenues and expenditures at the federal, state, and local levels. Key economic functions involve setting rules, regulating markets, addressing market failures, providing certain goods and services, and stabilizing the economy.
Michigan State University's 64th round of the State of the State Survey finds that state citizens are evenly split over the state's new status as a right to work state. The Michigan Legislature passed historic new laws as 2012 ended. The survey inquiried of about 1,000 people during the first quarter of 2013.
The letter requests that Governor Inslee convene representatives from housing providers to provide advice on designing a rent relief distribution program for funds allocated by recent federal legislation. The program should pay full unpaid rent and utility bills for affected households, consider current income for eligibility, pay at least 90% of funds directly to housing providers, limit third parties, use existing lender relationships, make direct electronic payments, allow future rent/utility payments if COVID impacts continue, and modify eviction bans to allow eviction of tenants who can pay but aren't. It emphasizes that the law requires payment to housing providers, and state and local governments must work quickly with property owners to ensure resources reach those most in need.
The document summarizes comments made by Michael Turnipseed of the Kern County Taxpayers Association during the 2011-2012 Kern County budget hearings. It addresses challenges facing the national and local economy and recommends that the county board of supervisors focus on improving outcomes in education, employment, poverty, crime, and health by prioritizing goals, developing new strategies, and encouraging collaboration between local governments. It also stresses the need for the board to advocate for policies that promote jobs and economic growth.
$25 billion will be allocated for rental assistance from 2021 through September 2022 for households impacted by Covid-19. The CDC eviction ban will end on January 31, 2021. State and local governments will distribute funds to households making less than 80% of the area median income who are at risk of homelessness or have experienced financial hardship or unemployment due to Covid-19. Housing providers will be paid on behalf of eligible renters unless they refuse payment. Renters or providers can apply for assistance on the renter's behalf if they cosign the application.
How to target your Discretionary Housing Payments wellPolicy in Practice
It's hard for local authorities to be sure that support is reaching the households that need help the most. We know that 9 in 10 applications for a Discretionary Housing Payment (DHP) are successful, yet only 1 in 5 households that need a DHP apply. We help local authorities carry out a full needs assessment, as recommended by the DWP, using housing benefit data to create insights that will make council's DHP funds go further.
In this webinar we looked at levels of financial resilience and the need for Discretionary Housing Payments. We were joined by Ellie Kershaw, London Borough of Tower Hamlets, who spoke about how they spend DHP money in line with their local priorities and how they're raising awareness and increasing referrals from those in need.
View the slides to see how our LIFT Dashboard and Benefit and Budgeting Calculator helps LB Tower Hamlets to:
- ensure the consistency of help given by frontline staff
- reduce the time it takes staff to understand eligibility for a DHP
- evidence how well their DHP strategy is working
To find out more visit www.policyinpractice.co.uk, email hello@policyinpractice.co.uk or call 0330 088 9242
Recent survey findings showing growing numbers of repossessions in the UK and...FEANTSA
Presentation by Leslie Morphy, Chief Executive, Crisis UK, at a FEANTSA seminar on "The impact of the economic crisis on tackling homelessness at local level", hosted by the Committee of the Regions, May 2009
KernTax evaluated several statewide ballot measures in California for the November 2012 election. KernTax opposed Propositions 30 and 37, which would increase taxes, and supported Propositions 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, and 40. KernTax principles are that taxes and expenditures must be fair, understandable, cost effective, good for the economy, fiscally responsible, economically sustainable, and socially equitable. KernTax also took positions on several local ballot measures in Kern County.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act into law on August 14, 1935. As the critical program celebrates its 80th birthday, we take a look at the challenges that must be overcome so that it can see at least 80 more years.
An introduction to Unshackle Upstate, a strong and growing coalition dedicated to making changes in New York State government that will enhance the Upstate New York economy and create jobs.
This document discusses intergovernmental fiscal relations and the assignment of functions, revenues, and expenditures across levels of government. It addresses key topics such as:
- Assigning functions like macroeconomic stabilization, income distribution, and resource allocation between national and subnational governments.
- Assigning revenue sources and balancing revenue-raising responsibilities with expenditure responsibilities to avoid vertical and horizontal imbalances.
- Using intergovernmental transfers to equalize fiscal capacities and needs among jurisdictions.
- Techniques for regulating intergovernmental relations like attaching conditions to grants or establishing national standards.
Life Insurance Planning in an Era of Estate Tax Uncertainty - 5 Things To KnowtheBurgessGroup
The document discusses uncertainty around potential federal estate tax repeal and provides recommendations for life insurance planning. It notes that while repeal seems imminent under the current administration, the estate tax has been repealed and reinstated before so future reinstatement is possible. It recommends that individuals incorporate flexibility into their life insurance plans through means like flexible irrevocable life insurance trusts in case the tax code changes. Permanent repeal may not occur and life insurance may still be needed to meet other wealth transfer goals even without the estate tax.
This document discusses New Jersey's overreliance on property taxes to fund local services and the resulting unintended consequences. Specifically, it leads to exclusionary zoning aimed at keeping out families with children to reduce school costs, competition among municipalities to attract commercial development, and spatial segregation by income. The key problems are the small size of municipal tax bases and lack of regional cooperation. The document argues that increasing the size of fiscal units through regional tax base sharing, larger roles for counties, municipal consolidation, and regional school districts could help address these issues better than property tax reform alone.
This document is a Citizens Action Plan created by business classes at Rowan Cabarrus Community College that outlines concerns of US citizens and proposes solutions. It addresses economic issues like the budget deficit, jobs, and the housing crisis. It also discusses concerns over healthcare costs, immigration, education, and energy costs. Solutions proposed include tax credits for jobs/homeowners, regulating banks/lenders, developing green energy, and improving education. The plan aims to give citizens a voice and help address national issues.
This document outlines concerns from housing providers regarding the impacts of COVID-19 and government responses. It argues that eviction bans have encouraged non-payment of rent and will lead to financial crisis without solutions. The author asks government to allow current eviction bans to expire, provide loans to help residents pay rent and providers pay mortgages, expedite unemployment payments, and consider using federal funds to pay down delinquent rent. The goal is to work together to avoid potential long-term catastrophes in the housing sector from bans undermining revenue collection.
- The document discusses Universal Basic Income (UBI) as a potential remedy for issues facing modern America. It defines UBI as a guaranteed, regular payout to all citizens that is universal, basic, and without restrictions on how it is spent.
- Proponents argue UBI could help address problems like automation displacing jobs, high student loan debt loads, and lack of funding for passion careers. Alaska's Permanent Fund that pays annual dividends to state residents is presented as a successful case study.
- Objections about inflation, costs, and reduced work incentive are addressed, pointing to Alaska's experience and a study in Uganda showing basic income recipients working more and having higher incomes later. The document estimates U
The document discusses trends in homelessness in the United States from 1980-2020. It notes that after declines from 2005-2008, the overall homeless population and subgroups such as families and chronically homeless individuals increased from 2008-2009. The chronically homeless population remained stagnant despite an increase in permanent supportive housing units. The document also provides statistics on homelessness in Texas, including decreases in the total homeless population but increases in family homelessness. It discusses the economic drivers of homelessness and calls for prevention strategies to reduce homelessness.
County Executive Budget Presentation on the FY 2019 Advertised Budget PlanFairfax County
The document discusses Fairfax County's proposed FY 2019 budget. It focuses on priorities like expanding county-school cooperation and incorporating strategic planning. It recommends a 2.5 cent real estate tax rate increase to 4.38% overall budget growth. This would fully fund school and county employee compensation increases. The budget forecasts continued economic and job growth for the county and region.
Gradually taking land out of the market place is the only way to solve the two tier housing market in New Zealand. While Auckland house prices rise at 13% a year, in the provinces the real prices have dropped 20%. This solution introduces a treasury created tax credit to pay for land of those who opt in.
Policy in Practice analyst Juan Alvarez Vilanova spoke about How longitudinal analysis can help prevent poverty at at Public Policy Exchange's recent event.
Juan's talk featured case studies of data analysis for clients such as Croydon Council and Trust for London, The event was titled Preventing Further Poverty in the UK: Supporting and Improving the Lives of ‘Just About Managing’ Families.
The document summarizes how the US national debt grew significantly over the past few decades. It traces the sources of debt to multiple wars since WWII, tax cuts in the 1980s that reduced revenues, increased military and entitlement spending, and the 2008 financial crisis. While debt decreased under President Clinton, it ballooned under Reagan and both Bush administrations. The Republican approach is criticized for disproportionately benefiting wealthy individuals and corporations through tax and regulatory policies.
Social Security was created in 1935 and provides retirement, disability, and survivor benefits funded by payroll taxes. It has separate programs for old-age/survivors insurance and disability insurance, each with its own trust fund. While administered by the Social Security Administration, supplemental security income for aged, blind, and disabled is not funded by payroll taxes. As of 2011, over 54 million Americans received monthly Social Security benefits, though certain groups were originally exempt. The program loans surplus tax revenue to the U.S. government, contributing to the national debt which currently exceeds $16 trillion. The future of Social Security remains uncertain with debate around privatizing accounts or continuing the current system.
The document discusses the rise in US debt from 1945 to present day. It attributes much of the increased debt to tax cuts in the 1980s that reduced revenues, increased military spending during the Cold War and recent wars, and rising entitlement program costs. While debt was almost paid off by 1980, tax cuts and increased defense spending under Reagan dramatically increased the debt load. The top 1% benefited greatly from tax cuts while wages stagnated for most Americans. High military spending and lack of oversight of social programs also contributed significantly to growing debt levels.
Dr Simon Duffy of the Centre for Welfare Reform and the UBI Lab Network set out the case for Universal Basic income to the AGM of Sheffield Church Action on Poverty. He argued that UBI was going to continue to be the main alternative to the main broken social security system and that Christians should support it.
This document discusses using gamification, personalization, and user generated media to encourage people to walk more through a website that provides information on walking initiatives and routes. The website also sends email updates and prompts to help motivate people to incorporate more walking into their daily lives.
Recent survey findings showing growing numbers of repossessions in the UK and...FEANTSA
Presentation by Leslie Morphy, Chief Executive, Crisis UK, at a FEANTSA seminar on "The impact of the economic crisis on tackling homelessness at local level", hosted by the Committee of the Regions, May 2009
KernTax evaluated several statewide ballot measures in California for the November 2012 election. KernTax opposed Propositions 30 and 37, which would increase taxes, and supported Propositions 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, and 40. KernTax principles are that taxes and expenditures must be fair, understandable, cost effective, good for the economy, fiscally responsible, economically sustainable, and socially equitable. KernTax also took positions on several local ballot measures in Kern County.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act into law on August 14, 1935. As the critical program celebrates its 80th birthday, we take a look at the challenges that must be overcome so that it can see at least 80 more years.
An introduction to Unshackle Upstate, a strong and growing coalition dedicated to making changes in New York State government that will enhance the Upstate New York economy and create jobs.
This document discusses intergovernmental fiscal relations and the assignment of functions, revenues, and expenditures across levels of government. It addresses key topics such as:
- Assigning functions like macroeconomic stabilization, income distribution, and resource allocation between national and subnational governments.
- Assigning revenue sources and balancing revenue-raising responsibilities with expenditure responsibilities to avoid vertical and horizontal imbalances.
- Using intergovernmental transfers to equalize fiscal capacities and needs among jurisdictions.
- Techniques for regulating intergovernmental relations like attaching conditions to grants or establishing national standards.
Life Insurance Planning in an Era of Estate Tax Uncertainty - 5 Things To KnowtheBurgessGroup
The document discusses uncertainty around potential federal estate tax repeal and provides recommendations for life insurance planning. It notes that while repeal seems imminent under the current administration, the estate tax has been repealed and reinstated before so future reinstatement is possible. It recommends that individuals incorporate flexibility into their life insurance plans through means like flexible irrevocable life insurance trusts in case the tax code changes. Permanent repeal may not occur and life insurance may still be needed to meet other wealth transfer goals even without the estate tax.
This document discusses New Jersey's overreliance on property taxes to fund local services and the resulting unintended consequences. Specifically, it leads to exclusionary zoning aimed at keeping out families with children to reduce school costs, competition among municipalities to attract commercial development, and spatial segregation by income. The key problems are the small size of municipal tax bases and lack of regional cooperation. The document argues that increasing the size of fiscal units through regional tax base sharing, larger roles for counties, municipal consolidation, and regional school districts could help address these issues better than property tax reform alone.
This document is a Citizens Action Plan created by business classes at Rowan Cabarrus Community College that outlines concerns of US citizens and proposes solutions. It addresses economic issues like the budget deficit, jobs, and the housing crisis. It also discusses concerns over healthcare costs, immigration, education, and energy costs. Solutions proposed include tax credits for jobs/homeowners, regulating banks/lenders, developing green energy, and improving education. The plan aims to give citizens a voice and help address national issues.
This document outlines concerns from housing providers regarding the impacts of COVID-19 and government responses. It argues that eviction bans have encouraged non-payment of rent and will lead to financial crisis without solutions. The author asks government to allow current eviction bans to expire, provide loans to help residents pay rent and providers pay mortgages, expedite unemployment payments, and consider using federal funds to pay down delinquent rent. The goal is to work together to avoid potential long-term catastrophes in the housing sector from bans undermining revenue collection.
- The document discusses Universal Basic Income (UBI) as a potential remedy for issues facing modern America. It defines UBI as a guaranteed, regular payout to all citizens that is universal, basic, and without restrictions on how it is spent.
- Proponents argue UBI could help address problems like automation displacing jobs, high student loan debt loads, and lack of funding for passion careers. Alaska's Permanent Fund that pays annual dividends to state residents is presented as a successful case study.
- Objections about inflation, costs, and reduced work incentive are addressed, pointing to Alaska's experience and a study in Uganda showing basic income recipients working more and having higher incomes later. The document estimates U
The document discusses trends in homelessness in the United States from 1980-2020. It notes that after declines from 2005-2008, the overall homeless population and subgroups such as families and chronically homeless individuals increased from 2008-2009. The chronically homeless population remained stagnant despite an increase in permanent supportive housing units. The document also provides statistics on homelessness in Texas, including decreases in the total homeless population but increases in family homelessness. It discusses the economic drivers of homelessness and calls for prevention strategies to reduce homelessness.
County Executive Budget Presentation on the FY 2019 Advertised Budget PlanFairfax County
The document discusses Fairfax County's proposed FY 2019 budget. It focuses on priorities like expanding county-school cooperation and incorporating strategic planning. It recommends a 2.5 cent real estate tax rate increase to 4.38% overall budget growth. This would fully fund school and county employee compensation increases. The budget forecasts continued economic and job growth for the county and region.
Gradually taking land out of the market place is the only way to solve the two tier housing market in New Zealand. While Auckland house prices rise at 13% a year, in the provinces the real prices have dropped 20%. This solution introduces a treasury created tax credit to pay for land of those who opt in.
Policy in Practice analyst Juan Alvarez Vilanova spoke about How longitudinal analysis can help prevent poverty at at Public Policy Exchange's recent event.
Juan's talk featured case studies of data analysis for clients such as Croydon Council and Trust for London, The event was titled Preventing Further Poverty in the UK: Supporting and Improving the Lives of ‘Just About Managing’ Families.
The document summarizes how the US national debt grew significantly over the past few decades. It traces the sources of debt to multiple wars since WWII, tax cuts in the 1980s that reduced revenues, increased military and entitlement spending, and the 2008 financial crisis. While debt decreased under President Clinton, it ballooned under Reagan and both Bush administrations. The Republican approach is criticized for disproportionately benefiting wealthy individuals and corporations through tax and regulatory policies.
Social Security was created in 1935 and provides retirement, disability, and survivor benefits funded by payroll taxes. It has separate programs for old-age/survivors insurance and disability insurance, each with its own trust fund. While administered by the Social Security Administration, supplemental security income for aged, blind, and disabled is not funded by payroll taxes. As of 2011, over 54 million Americans received monthly Social Security benefits, though certain groups were originally exempt. The program loans surplus tax revenue to the U.S. government, contributing to the national debt which currently exceeds $16 trillion. The future of Social Security remains uncertain with debate around privatizing accounts or continuing the current system.
The document discusses the rise in US debt from 1945 to present day. It attributes much of the increased debt to tax cuts in the 1980s that reduced revenues, increased military spending during the Cold War and recent wars, and rising entitlement program costs. While debt was almost paid off by 1980, tax cuts and increased defense spending under Reagan dramatically increased the debt load. The top 1% benefited greatly from tax cuts while wages stagnated for most Americans. High military spending and lack of oversight of social programs also contributed significantly to growing debt levels.
Dr Simon Duffy of the Centre for Welfare Reform and the UBI Lab Network set out the case for Universal Basic income to the AGM of Sheffield Church Action on Poverty. He argued that UBI was going to continue to be the main alternative to the main broken social security system and that Christians should support it.
This document discusses using gamification, personalization, and user generated media to encourage people to walk more through a website that provides information on walking initiatives and routes. The website also sends email updates and prompts to help motivate people to incorporate more walking into their daily lives.
El documento describe los principales navegadores web, incluyendo sus características y últimas versiones. Explica que un navegador web es la herramienta principal para navegar en Internet y que los más populares son Google Chrome, Internet Explorer y Mozilla Firefox. Además, proporciona detalles sobre las funciones y actualizaciones de estos tres navegadores líderes.
Amnesty International UK: Twitter in a crisisNFPtweetup
Our initial aim was to become part of the conversation around the events in Egypt and provide a human rights perspective. We began monitoring social media like Twitter to stay up to date on the ground. When our team was arrested in Egypt, we asked supporters on social media and email to take action, generating over 11,000 emails in less than 24 hours, leading to their release. As the movement continued, our full digital team live blogged, tweeted, and uploaded photos and videos of the #feb12global protests from around the world.
James Lapan is an actor based in Seattle with over 25 years of experience in stage roles. He has played roles in productions by many Seattle theaters including ACT, Intiman, Seattle Shakespeare Company, and Wooden O. His stage credits include roles in A Christmas Carol, The Tempest, and All's Well That Ends Well. He also has experience in film and television with roles in Damaged Goods, Rediscovering America, and Grimm. Lapan holds an MFA in Acting from the University of Washington and a BA in Theatre from Bates College.
Ian Smith is an experienced and innovative teacher who has spent over 30 years working at Almonte District High School. He has exceptional skills in engaging high-risk students through the use of technology in creative ways. Ian has championed students with disabilities by ensuring they are integrated with peers and focusing on their abilities. He is passionate about learning and uses his enthusiasm to engage students and staff in classroom material and technology training sessions. Ian's principal fully recommends him for any future opportunities.
Una red informática es un conjunto de dispositivos interconectados que comparten información y recursos. Está compuesta de software de aplicaciones, software de red y hardware de red. Las redes se pueden clasificar como compartidas, exclusivas, privadas o públicas, y también como LAN, MAN o WAN dependiendo de su alcance geográfico.
This document outlines the marketing plan for a mockumentary film called "Ben and J". The plan details various forms of marketing including posters, trailers, social media, radio, and a magazine article. It discusses the timeline of releasing teasers, posters, and official trailers over several months to build anticipation. The trailers were released on YouTube and social media and aimed to show glimpses of the plot and characters without revealing too much. Posters were also used to introduce individual characters. Overall the marketing plan aimed to slowly reveal information about the mockumentary leading up to its release to generate interest and intrigue amongst the audience.
This session will give you a roadmap describing how to learn more about Drupal. Learn what to look for at conferences, the different types of Drupal users and a vocabulary of Drupal terms . Learn how to keep moving up on the Drupal Learning Curve. Presented at SANDCamp 2010.
A pedagogia do movimento humano. o corpo como objecto de estudo. projecto lei...Micael Carreira
Este documento discute a importância de se estudar o corpo e o movimento humano na pedagogia e na educação. Ele argumenta que o corpo deve ser considerado na alfabetização das crianças e que a Educação Física pode contribuir para o processo de leitura e escrita ao trabalhar com o desenvolvimento motor.
Bcollector es una asociación que promueve el coleccionismo privado de arte como impulsor del mercado artístico. Sus objetivos son reconocer el papel del coleccionista y analizar las sinergias entre coleccionistas e instituciones. Organiza mesas redondas, visitas guiadas y exposiciones. Los coleccionistas del siglo XXI buscan aprender continuamente, apoyar a artistas emergentes y integrar el arte en su vida diaria.
This document summarizes tips for increasing end-of-year online fundraising through a multichannel strategy. It recommends starting fundraising campaigns early, running an email series, going mobile, integrating different channels, stewarding donors, developing targeted personas and compelling content, adding a spokesperson, focusing on storytelling and emotions, having a clear call to action, tying giving levels to impact, crafting attention-grabbing subject lines, and adding incentives like matching gifts. An example is given of Trinity Health Foundation's successful 2013 end-of-year campaign that used various channels including direct mail, online appeals, social media, websites, newspapers, radio, and TV.
The document discusses strategies to promote affordable housing and prevent displacement in the Waterfront Eureka Plan Area. It analyzes socioeconomic data from 2010-2020 census tracts covering the plan area to identify risks of gentrification and displacement. The analysis found higher rates of poverty, unemployment, and housing cost burden compared to the city and state averages. It also found stagnating incomes but rising housing costs in one census tract. The document concludes by outlining tools that can reduce displacement risks from increased development in the plan area.
Waterfront Eureka - AFFORDABLE HOUSING AND ANTI-DISPLACEMENT STRATEGIESDarin Dinsmore
This document summarizes strategies for affordable housing and anti-displacement in Eureka, California. It finds that two census tracts overlapping the plan area have higher rates of poverty, unemployment, housing cost burden, and stagnant incomes compared to the city and state averages. The number of households with dependent older adults has increased in these tracts. To reduce displacement risks, the document recommends analyzing socioeconomic factors, household demographics, housing costs, and trends over time to understand vulnerabilities and inform housing policies.
The document discusses several key issues related to affordable housing:
1) Affordable housing shortages negatively impact millions of Americans who spend over 30% of their income on housing costs.
2) Factors like housing quality, location, cost, and sustainability must be considered to ensure housing remains affordable over decades.
3) A lack of affordable housing can negatively impact public health and children's development through increased stress and frequent moving.
Low Income Londoners and Welfare Reform: a data-led investigation into the ca...Policy in Practice
Policy in Practice has embarked on an ambitious project to track changing living standards for almost one million Londoners over the course of two years, on a monthly basis.
This work combines data from 14 London boroughs to track changes across 444,000 low income households made up of 550,000 adults and 350,000 children, representing 27% of the overall population living in the participating boroughs.
Deven Ghelani shared findings from Phase One of the project at IntoWork 2017.
Collaborating on data sharing allows us to:
• Combine data across London in order to benchmark changes, offering a large enough sample to understand niche areas such as self-employment or temporary housing.
• Track households to understand the causal drivers of poverty and prosperity on a systematic basis.
Policy in Practice works with local authorities to show the cumulative impact of tax and benefit changes on individual households, both now and in the future. This project builds on this with a longitudinal data model, simulation engine and visualisation platform to make this information accessible to policymakers and offer a deeper understanding of poverty.
We look forward to welcoming even more local authorities to the project as we progress to Phase two.
To find out more, and to request the full report, please email hello@policyinpractice.co.uk. We look forward to hearing from you.
Like other prosperous American cities, greater Seattle currently finds itself in the unenviable position of possessing both enormous amounts of wealth and staggering levels of homelessness. These slides accompany the McKinsey & Company report that looks at homelessness in King County, published in January 2020.
This paper reviews housing markets in 11 countries that are members of the International Housing Association (IHA). It finds that several issues have emerged post-recession, including a lack of affordable low-income housing and improper regulation of mortgage markets. Canada is highlighted as stabilizing its housing market since 2009 through early Bank of Canada intervention and later macroprudential policies that tightened mortgage lending guidelines. The paper also examines factors driving up housing prices in Australia such as resource sector booms lacking adequate planning and infrastructure.
The CoreLogic Perceptions of Housing Affordability Report outlines the concerns of Australians about housing affordability and property ownership across the demographics of generation, income, family status and by state. It reveals the degrees to which the great Australian dream is becoming an insurmountable challenge and provides sentiment about the impediments and potential solutions for housing affordability.
The document discusses affordable housing basics including definitions, who qualifies, and examples of well-designed affordable housing developments in Marin County. It provides details on household income limits, rental subsidies, and the agencies that determine regional housing needs. Examples show that higher density housing of 26-86 units per acre can be well-designed and fit into existing communities through features like courtyards, landscaping, and architecture that uplifts neighborhoods.
The document discusses whether the federal/state government should be responsible for implementing subsidized/public housing. It notes the ongoing challenges with public housing and argues that the government should support programs like Section 8 vouchers to make housing affordable for low-income residents. However, it also acknowledges that not all citizens require subsidies, and the assistance should be targeted towards those most in need. Overall, the document argues that while the government needs to invest in affordable housing solutions, many factors will determine the appropriate level of subsidies required.
Key Factors of Affordability in Bangladesh_MaHi.pptxTafshirul Alam
Key Factors of Affordability in Bangladesh and Dhaka City Housing Problem in Bangladesh Analysis of Housing in Dhaka Housing and Urbanization Bangladesh Housing Architecture in Bangladesh Real Estate Business Housing Developers
Ah rural exception schemes presentation for nrcc council meet on 27 april 2010Wendy Norfolk
Rural exception schemes allow affordable housing to be built outside of normal development boundaries to help address a shortage of affordable housing for local rural communities. Housing associations typically develop these small schemes of 4-15 homes through a multi-step process involving identifying need, finding suitable sites, obtaining funding and planning permission, and allocating homes to eligible local applicants through a local connection criteria. The schemes aim to provide high-quality affordable rental and shared ownership homes to address local housing needs and help stem declines in rural communities.
Residential buildings account for 21% of all US carbon dioxide emissions. Single family homes make up the majority of residential building emissions and will still be standing in 2050. Residential emissions have increased faster than all other sectors except commercial operations between 1990 and 2008. Retrofitting residential buildings, especially multifamily housing and single family homes for low-income families, represents a major opportunity for energy savings but faces financial and regulatory barriers. Local innovations in information disclosure, codes, and financing models can help scale residential energy efficiency upgrades if replicated nationally.
PreservingAffordability_Westside_April 22_2016Kevin Mara
This document discusses strategies for preserving affordable housing in the Vine City and English Avenue neighborhoods of Atlanta in the face of rising property values and development. It recommends: 1) preserving existing subsidized affordable rental housing as it ages past affordability restrictions; 2) expanding affordable rental housing through inclusionary zoning, bonds, and financing for developers and landlords; and 3) helping existing homeowners afford rising property taxes through circuit breakers or deferral programs and grants for home repairs. The goal is to maintain a socioeconomic mix in the neighborhoods as they revitalize.
Inclusionary zoning programs require that new market-rate housing developments include a portion of units affordable to lower-income households. Over 800 jurisdictions in the US have adopted inclusionary zoning. Key aspects of effective programs include whether requirements are mandatory or voluntary, the percentage and income levels of affordable units, and compliance options for developers. Research shows that well-designed inclusionary zoning can produce affordable housing without significantly impacting overall housing production or price increases, though local housing market conditions are also important factors. Ongoing challenges include mitigating displacement and adjusting long-standing programs.
The document is a letter from the Foundation for Equal Opportunity (FREOPP) to members of Congress regarding using tax incentives to support more affordable housing. It makes two main proposals: 1) Granting tax incentives to private developers who restrict rents on a portion of units, similar to programs in Seattle, and 2) Expanding tax credits for families to apply to their rent payments to provide immediate assistance. Taken together, these could motivate local governments to remove barriers to housing development. The letter requests further discussion of these ideas to implement tax incentives that efficiently produce more affordable housing units and assistance.
The document provides an overview of recent developments in the US real estate market. It summarizes key data points like home sales, prices, inventory, and mortgage rates. It also outlines recent government actions to provide mortgage relief to unemployed homeowners and help underwater borrowers. New bills aim to stimulate hiring and the economy. The document concludes with tax tips for home energy efficiency upgrades.
The document summarizes recent developments in the US real estate market. It discusses signs of economic recovery and government efforts to boost the jobs market and help homeowners. Data shows existing home sales softened in February but prices remain low. Inventory is up while mortgage rates are near historic lows, improving affordability. The government aims to assist the unemployed and underwater homeowners to prevent foreclosures. New bills offer tax credits for home energy improvements and incentives to hire and retain employees.
The document summarizes recent economic and real estate market trends. It discusses steps the government has taken to boost the economy through unemployment assistance and mortgage relief programs. Real estate indicators like home sales, prices, inventory and mortgage rates are also summarized. The document concludes with tips for home energy efficiency tax credits.
• The divergence between dwelling values and income growth occurred against a backdrop of lower mortgage rates, and
• Australian’s generally demonstrate a high elasticity of demand for housing, with lower mortgage rates driving high levels of demand contributing to higher housing values.
Similar to Financial Burden of Low Income Renters (20)
1. Financial Burden of
Economically Vulnerable
Residents in Renton
Alex Casey & Ken Mullins
MAYOR DENIS LAW:
After serving a four-year term on the Renton City Council, former business owner Denis Law
was elected Mayor of Renton in 2008 after defeating one-term Mayor Kathy Koelker by seven
percentage points. After leading Renton through one of the worst recessions in decades, Law ran
unopposed for a second-term and was elected Mayor in 2012. As the Mayor of Renton, he works
with department administrators, presides over weekly City Council meetings and works with the
Council members to develop ordinances that protect the interests of Renton’s citizens. Despite
his leadership, Renton’s very-low and low-income residents struggle with financial burdens
caused by housing affordability. This analysis offers Mayor Law policy goals, options, and
criteria for reducing the financial burden on Renton’s most economically vulnerable residents.
2. ! 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Poor households in Renton struggle to maintain affordable housing. Nationally, nearly two-thirds
of households earning under $35,000/year spend more than 30% of their income on housing. In
Renton, 82% of these households spend beyond this level of income on housing. This is a major
problem for economically vulnerable households. Households who pay more than 30% of their
income are considered financially burdened and experience strain affording food, transportation,
medical care, and other necessities.
For many residents, wages are too low or market rates are too high to afford adequate housing in
Renton. Renton’s primary method of providing affordable housing for economically vulnerable
residents is distributing Tenant Based housing vouchers through the federal Section 8 program.
However, Section 8 does little good for residents awaiting vouchers, and currently closed its
waitlist with nearly twice as many households waiting for a voucher as those who receive one.
Renton currently lacks an estimated 2,137 units affordable for very-low income residents.
Although Renton has a surplus of 1,170 low-income homes available, many exhibit potential
"health & safety" problems. These problems tend to disproportionately affect housing affordable
for economically vulnerable residents and are particularly relevant in the Sunset Area.
The ideal state of affordable housing in Renton addresses the multiple facets of financial burdens
on economically vulnerable residents. The goals for reducing this burden are reduced financial
stress and the improved economic stability of Renton. To evaluate the strength of potential
policy options, the following criteria were used: cost efficiency, impact on the housing supply,
access to amenities, political feasibility, and technical feasibility. The options evaluated were:
Maintain the
status quo: City
policy and private
rental market
remain unchanged
Create the
Renton Earned
Income Housing
Credit voucher
program: Provide
city-funded
vouchers to low-
income renters
based on income
tax returns.
Increase the
minimum wage:
Raises the
minimum wage in
Renton to
$15/hour
Expedite
approval process
for affordable
housing:
Expedites projects
that create
affordable rental
units.
Adjust zoning
codes to allow for
more Accessory
Dwelling Units:
Relax zoning
codes and size
allotments to
encourage ADU
construction.
High on the
feasibility
measures and cost
efficiency, Low on
impact access.
High in access and
technical
feasibility,
moderate in
political
feasibility, impact,
and cost.
Moderate in all
criteria
High in cost
efficiency and
political
feasibility,
moderate in
technical
feasibility and
access, low in
impact.
High cost
efficiency,
technical
feasibility, and
access. Low in
political feasibility
and impact.
This policy analysis recommends creating the Renton Earned Income Housing Credit
voucher program. This option minimizes the tradeoffs associated with other options, expands
housing options to economically vulnerable residents, and significantly reduces the isolation of
poverty in Renton.
3. ! 2
To: Mayor Denis Law, City of Renton
From: Alex Casey and Ken Mullins
Date: June 7, 2015
Re: Low-income housing affordability
Poor households in Renton struggle to maintain affordable housing. Nationally,
nearly two-thirds of households earning under $35,000/year spend more than 30%1
of their
income on housing.2
In Renton, 82% of these households spend beyond this level of income on
housing.3
This is a major problem for low-income households. Households who pay more than
30% of their income are considered financially burdened and experience strain affording food,
transportation, medical care, and other necessities.4,5
The following policy options alleviate the
burden of housing cost for Renton’s most economically vulnerable residents, and embody the
city’s vision as a center of opportunity where families and businesses thrive.6
AFFORDABILITY GAP IN RENTON
Measures of housing affordability and eligibility for housing assistance rely on an
assessment of a household’s income compared to the Area Median Income (AMI).7
In Renton,
the AMI determines that very-low income households earn under $21,000/year and low-income
households earn under $35,000/year.8
Nearly one in three Renton adults fall into these
categories.9
The number of low-income or very low-income residents in Renton has increased by
15% during the past 15 years.10,11
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD) uses very-low income and low-income as technical distinctions between how many
percentage points below the AMI a household is. This analysis refers to any family earning less
than half of the AMI as economically vulnerable.
Two significant factors contribute to the financial burden of economically vulnerable
residents; spending power and cost. The current minimum wage in Renton is $9.47/hour, and the
average rent for a two-bedroom apartment is $1,103/month (see Exhibit A).12,13
To afford this
4. ! 3
average monthly rent without
financial burden, a resident
must earn a “housing wage”
of $21.21/hour14
or work 89.6
hours/week.15
An estimated
2,500 residents in Renton, who
work full time earn less than
$15/hour, the minimum wage of nearby Seattle.16
For some, the remedy to the housing burden is
downsizing into overcrowded units.17
In Renton 5.7% of units are considered overcrowded, more
than King County (4.7%) and national rates (4.1%).18, 19
If over occupancy is not an option,
economically vulnerable renters face a tough choice; rent relatively expensive housing and
become financially burdened, find substandard housing, or seek income supplements.
HOUSING IN RENTON
As of April 1st
, the Renton Housing Authority (RHA) subsidized 1,801 housing units for
families and seniors. About half of these subsidies are part of Renton's public housing, project
based senior housing, and the RHA’s local housing subsidies. This includes four public housing
facilities, subsidizes for specific market-rate
apartments, and HUD-funded housing
facilities for seniors. The remaining half of
these households receive Section 8 Housing
Choice Vouchers (see Exhibit B for number
of households served by each program).
5. ! 4
The Housing Choice Voucher program, enacted under Section 8 of the Housing Act of
1937, provides Tenant Based vouchers to eligible low-income households, after households
spend a required 30% – 40% of their income on housing. An amount HUD itself deems
burdensome.20
The RHA closed its wait list as of March 31, 2015 with 1,750 residents in line for
vouchers and an unknown number of residents unable to make the wait list.21
Section 8 vouchers
do an adequate job reducing housing burden, especially for individuals who spend over half their
income on housing, but only in situations where an adequate supply of suitable rentals exist.22
Section 8 does little good for residents awaiting vouchers, or if those who receive them but
cannot secure an available
apartment.
Renton currently lacks
an estimated 2,137 affordable
housing units for very-low
income residents, referred to as
very cheap housing (see Exhibit
C).23
Although Renton has a surplus of 1,170 low-income homes available, referred to as cheap
housing, the majority are older, and many have lead paint, asbestos, and lack physical attributes
such as energy efficient windows and insulation, that help control utility costs (see Exhibit D on
the following page). City inspectors observe that older rental units are more likely to contain
dangerous mold, bad wiring, illegal bedrooms, and bad fire exits as "health & safety" problems.24
These problems tend to disproportionately affect housing affordable for economically vulnerable
residents. An area of Renton where these problems are particularly pronounced is the Sunset
Exhibit C: Available Affordable Housing
Ratio to AMI Estimated Households Estimated Gap
Count Percent Units Over / (Under)
Under 30%
(Very Cheap)
3,318 21% 1,181 (2,137)
30 – 50%
(Cheap)
2,625 17% 3,796 1,170
50 – 80% 3,380 22% 7,691 4,311
80 – 100% 2,146 14% 1,776 (370)
100 – 120% 1,348 9% 314 (1,034)
120% or Over 2,904 18% 668 (2,236)
Total 15,721 15,426
!
6. ! 5
Area. In the Sunset Area, 70% housing is considered substandard, 27% of residents are in
poverty and earn incomes $17,000 lower than the city average.25
In 2008, Renton passed an ordinance
permitting the construction of Accessory
Dwelling Units (ADUs) within areas zoned
for single-family housing. Anticipating
skyrocketing ADU construction, Renton
City Council limited ADUs to 800 square
feet and only allowed 50 permits passed per
year.26
Since 2008, four ADUs have been
approved within the City through the conditional use permit process, with an unknown number
of existing ADUs grandfathered into legality.27
POLICY GOALS
These policy goals reflect the ideal state of affordable housing in Renton and address the
multiple facets of financial burdens on economically vulnerable residents. The policy goals for
reducing the financial burden on Renton’s economically vulnerable residents are:
•! Reduced financial stress: Financial stress compounds the difficulties that many
economically vulnerable communities experience by damaging physical, emotional, and
mental health.28
•! Improved economic stability of Renton: Renton should grow a strong tax base, create
jobs, and financially elevate residents of the city.
7. ! 6
POLICY OPTIONS
The policy options for reducing the financial burden of economically vulnerable residents
focus on two approaches. The first approach affects the purchasing power of residents, while the
second approach increases the supply of affordable housing in Renton.
Option 1: Maintain the Status Quo: Assume current wage laws, trends in private
housing market, RHA programs, and ADU zoning regulations continue unchanged.
Purchasing Power Options
Option 2: Create the Renton Earned Income Housing Credit voucher program: Renton
offers tenant-based rental vouchers based on a direct match of each eligible recipient’s previous
year Earned Income Tax Credit. Funding the Renton Earned Income Housing Credit (REIHC)
will total one million dollars annually, the current operating surplus of the RHA. Vouchers will
be distributed through the RHA monthly, and recipients are determined through a lottery of
current Section 8 recipients who occupy very cheap housing, and households currently on the
Section 8 waitlist.
Option 3: Increase the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour: The minimum wage in
Renton is currently $9.47/hour. Similar to Seattle’s restructured minimum wage “step” system,
the increase will take effect over multiple years with different timeframe benchmarks for various
employer sizes. Assuming the wage increase is enacted before 2016, small businesses (fewer
than 500 employees) will have until 2022 to reach $15/hour and large businesses (more than 500
employees) will have until 2018 to reach $15/hour.
8. ! 7
Affordable Housing Supply Options
Option 4: Expedite development approval and permitting for affordable housing: To
join the expedition program, developers pay a supplemental fee of $500 per unit. Expediting
development includes eliminating traffic and parking studies, and shorter planning and
permitting periods for developments that meet eligibility requirements.29
Eligible projects
include projects in the Sunset Area, mixed-use development projects containing affordable
housing, and projects where at least 10% of rental units are set aside are for economically
vulnerable residents.
Option 5: Adjust zoning codes to allow for additional Accessory Dwellings Units:
Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) are restricted by zoning codes to 800 square feet or no more
than 75% of the primary structure’s size (whichever is smaller).30
ADUs are limited to lots large
enough to allow for additional development without encroaching on setbacks, or occupying too
much of the lot’s building coverage allowance. This option increases the allowable size of ADUs
to 1,200 square feet, eliminates size restrictions as a proportion of the primary structure, cuts the
application fee in half to $500, and provides setback and lot coverage variances to homeowners.
POLICY CRITERIA
Cost efficiency Degree to which the benefits outweigh lost revenue or
implementation and enforcement costs.
Impact on affordable
housing opportunities
Degree to which market availability for housing attainable for
economically vulnerable residents. Evaluated as the number of
affordable housing units produced.
Access to Amenities Degree to which economically vulnerable residents live in mixed
income areas with convenient access to amenities.
Political feasibility Degree of political support from political actors and activists in the
local community.
Technical feasibility Degree to which the policy is applicable to Renton and its ease of
implementation.
9. ! 8
ANALYSIS & TRADE-OFFS
For a visual analysis of policy options evaluated by the criteria, see Appendix A.
Option 1: Maintain the status quo
Cost efficiency: The Renton Housing Authority (RHA) earned nearly ten million dollars and
spent roughly fourteen million last year. After an additional five million dollars in funding from
HUD, the RHA operated at a surplus of roughly one million dollars last year.
Impact on affordable housing opportunities: RHA programs create housing for
approximately 1,800 residents.31
However, rental prices in Renton are steadily increasing. Based
on self-reported rents, costs have risen steadily since 2010. An analysis of online advertised
rentals in The City during May 2015 reveals rents are forecasted to exceed $1,450/month by
2016. If rental prices continue to increase and residents’ purchasing power remains unchanged,
the financial burden on economically vulnerable residents is expected to worsen. Appendix B
displays the trend of rental prices in Renton over the past ten years.
Access to Amenities: Residents without a vehicle and economically vulnerable residents are
disproportionally affected by Renton’s uneven access to public transportation and opportunity.32
Appendix C illustrates the Puget Sound Regional Council’s Mobility Opportunity Scale (1-5) for
Renton. The Sunset Area, Renton’s most economically disadvantaged area, scores very low on
the Mobility Opportunity Scale.
Political feasibility: Nationally, citizens rank housing cost as of lesser concern to economic
health than other issues.33
However, nearly three-quarters of leaders surveyed nationally in the
highest-cost metropolitan areas agree that a lack of affordable homes for economically
vulnerable residents in their area is a big problem. Analysis suggests there is a moderate political
support for addressing problems of housing affordability in Renton.
10. ! 9
Technical feasibility: The Renton Housing Authority enjoys a great deal of autonomy of its
affordable housing policies. The status quo requires no additional implementation or resources.
Trade-Offs: Maintaining the status quo does not effectively reduce the financial burden on
economically vulnerable residents, nor improve the economic stability of Renton. With rents in
Renton expected to increase in the following years; the high proportion of households on the
Section 8 waitlist; and the continued uneven access to amenities for residents in the Sunset Area,
this option ranks very poorly on its impact on the affordable housing market and access to
amenities. Because the RHA operated at a surplus of one million dollars last year and preserves
flexibility in controlling their housing policies, the status quo is cost efficient, politically and
technically feasible, and provides benchmarks to compare other options against.
Option 2: Create the Renton Earned Income Housing Credit voucher program
Cost efficiency: Capping the Earned Income Housing Credit at one million dollars
predetermines a fixed cost, with minimal additional staff or administration costs necessary.
Based on the average Earned Income Tax Credit return for Washington State, the Renton Earned
Income Housing Credit can provide 414 households an additional $200 per month in rental
assistance. Because the REIHC is tied to the EITC—which is designed to incentivize and reward
work by initially increasing its benefits with earnings34
—there are limited costs from the loss of
economic productivity typically associated with safety net programs.
Impact on affordable housing opportunities: Under the assumption that recipients of the
REIHC will increase the quality of their housing after an increase in spending power, the
analysis suggests a moderate decrease in the deficit of very cheap housing and surplus of cheap
housing. Appendix D demonstrates the anticipated effect on the Renton rental gap analysis as
11. ! 10
recipients of the REIHC become capable of affording relatively costlier housing and pull the
rental distribution closer to the optimum market equilibrium.
Access to Amenities: A voucher system allows increased spending power and increased
ability to secure housing in preferable areas. Nationally, recipients of renter choice vouchers are
far less likely than other forms of public housing to live in clusters of concentrated poverty,
which are correlated with reduced access to amenities.35
Political feasibility: Among the general public, affordable housing programs that create
rental opportunities are significantly less popular36
than programs that create homeownership.37
However, the cost of the REIHC is relatively low and avoids transferring funds from other
departments or additional revenue generation. Creation of this program is unlikely to spark much
public or political backlash.
Technical feasibility: Renton is a rare example of a city of its size that contains its own
Housing Authority. 38
This puts Renton in a unique position to offer such a program without
significant implementation costs.
Trade-Offs: Basing the REIHC on a federal income tax return does very little to help the
lowest income residents who are unemployed or severely underemployed. Rents could also
increase citywide as more money entering the market increases rental demand. The most
damaging tradeoff, however, could occur if the recipients remain in their current, very cheap
housing. This would halt the trickle down benefit of opening up very cheap housing for non-
recipients and severely dampen the impact on the affordable housing market. Compared to other
options, this option has the greatest impact on increasing resident’s access to amenities and is
very technically feasible. However, with a cost of one million dollars, this option is the most
expensive.
12. ! 11
Option 3: Increase the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour
Cost efficiency: The major cost of increasing the minimum wage is hiring enforcement
officers to ensure businesses abide by the new policy. Renton will need to only hire two
enforcement officers, which will cost $128,000/year.39
Impact on affordable housing opportunities: At the current minimum wage of $9.47/hour,
full-time workers earn $19,698/year. This yearly income puts them under 30% of the AMI in
Renton and into the very-low income bracket. Increasing the minimum wage to $15/hour
increases these workers income to $31,200/year, slightly below 50% of the AMI and into the
low-income bracket. Appendix E demonstrates the anticipated effect on the Renton rental gap
analysis as full-time workers gain the ability to afford relatively costlier housing, and reduces the
rental gap between very cheap and cheap housing by 79%.
Access to Amenities: Increasing economically vulnerable residents’ wages provides increased
mobility, greater ability to afford transportation, and relatively enhanced purchasing power. This
allows residents to move out of concentrated areas of poverty and closer to amenities.
Political feasibility: When Seattle increased the minimum wage to $15/hour, the policy
received support from the Democratic Party and faced opposition from the Republican Party.
Renton’s proposed increase should face the same political environment. In the last Presidential
election, 70.5% of Renton residents voted Democratic.40
If this trend continues, this option gains
voter support.
Technical feasibility: By mirroring Seattle’s “step” system, Renton has a model for
establishing timeframes and monitoring enforcement. However, minimum wage increases have
mostly been implemented in large cities. When SeaTac recently increased their minimum wage,
it faced harsh opposition from critics arguing the increase would eliminate 5% - 10% of entry-
13. ! 12
level jobs. Because the majority of economically vulnerable residents work entry-level jobs, this
could be a major concern for Renton.
Trade-Offs: By reducing the rental gap between very cheap and cheap housing by 79%, this
option has the greatest impact on the affordable housing market, and greatly improves residents’
access to amenities by increasing the purchasing power. After Seattle increased the minimum
wage, however, Republican leaders signaled that they would not allow the Washington state
Senate to vote on a more modest plan for a $12/hour statewide minimum wage. This attitude
proposes significant risks for this option and makes it one of the most politically controversial
policy options.
Option 4: Expedite development approval and permitting for affordable housing
Cost efficiency: Charging $500 per unit for eligible projects expects to generate $15,000 for
Renton in the first year. By eliminating traffic and parking studies, Renton reduces the overall
cost of approving a permit and saves additional money and resources.
Impact on affordable housing opportunities: Quicker approval for affordable housing is
expected to spur the construction of 30-50 affordable housing units per year. However, since
Renton currently lacks 2,137 housing units for very-low income residents, 30-50 additional units
have a relatively small impact on housing opportunities.
Access to Amenities: Expediting the approval process increases the construction of affordable
housing and mixed-use developments where affordable housing is currently limited. This
positively impacts economically vulnerable residents’ access to amenities by allowing them to
live in neighborhoods that lacked affordable units before the policy.
14. ! 13
Political feasibility: Since this option facilitates affordable housing development, generates
revenue for the city, benefits developers who opt-in, and improves the economic stability of
Renton, it should face little political opposition.
Technical feasibility: In working with the City Planning Department, this option requires no
additional resources and is easy to implement. However, it does require employees to learn new
skills and obtain different certifications that involve additional time and training.
Trade-Offs: Though this option generates $15,000 for the city and is politically and
technically feasible compared to other options, it does not significantly reduce the financial stress
on Renton’s most economically vulnerable residents, or improve their ability to find affordable
housing. In eliminating traffic and parking studies, Renton is vulnerable to unseen safety hazards
and traffic incidents. Lastly, if the incentives do not continue to outweigh the cost to developers
of creating affordable units, participation in the program will suffer.
Option 5: Adjust zoning codes to allow for additional accessory dwellings
Cost efficiency: The cost to the city of adjusting the zoning codes will be minimal, less than
ten thousand dollars annually in combined lost revenue from reduced applications fees and
additional staff time to process increased applications.
Impact on affordable housing opportunities: Under the current zoning policies only four
ADUs were constructed since 2008, so there is little evidence that demand is near the current
annual limit of 50. Raising the maximum allowable size would have the greatest impact on
demand and could spur the development of 10-30 units per year after enactment.41,42
In Portland,
however, nearly one in five ADUs are rented at zero or seriously low cost, suggesting that ADU
builders were not acting as real estate agents but providing “volunteer affordable housing,” likely
to family members.43
15. ! 14
Access to Amenities: Unlike affordable apartment complexes, ADUs are limited to one unit
per lot. Therefore, it is unlikely that a significant clustering of low-income housing occurs.
Relaxed ADU policies may allow low-income rental options in more affluent neighborhoods that
feature better access to amenities.
Political feasibility: Although allowing a larger secondary residential structure would make
ADUs more popular in Renton, a city official speculated that Renton would be unlikely to
support a policy that allows for a secondary structure as large as single-family home on a lot.44
Technical feasibility: Since Renton already allows some ADUs and contains many eligible
lots for ADU construction, this option is easy to implement and very applicable to Renton.
Trade-Offs: In costing less than $10,000/year and working with current departments, this is
one of the most cost efficient and technically feasible options. However, altering zoning
restrictions may create parking concerns and decrease property values due to lack of curb appeal
resulting from setback encroachment. If like in Portland, a significant number of below market
rate ADUs are rented to family members, it may exclude a large number of economically
vulnerable renters without financially supportive family members from the benefits of new
ADUs. Lastly, the biggest drawback to this option is the high potential political pushback and
minimal impact on the affordable housing market.
16. ! 15
FINAL RECOMMENDATION
Upon analysis of the policy options we recommend creating the Renton Earned
Income Housing Credit voucher program. This recommendation is based off the following
insights:
•! Renton does not have a shortage of rental housing, but it needs a redistribution of renters
into different price levels of apartments to reduce the gap between very cheap and cheap
housing. This option reduces this gap by 25%. Though not as effective as the minimum
wage, which reduces the gap by 79%, this option achieves an adequate redistribution
without potential political backlash. The REIHC will reduce the number of residents
living in isolated clusters of poverty, and improves resident’s access to amenities.
•! Tenant-based vouchers improve the socio-economic diversity of neighborhoods, assist
families in moving to higher quality neighborhoods, and significantly impact residents
access to amenities. Since this option is based on the Earned Income Tax Credit return
and replicates Section 8, the REIHC can be expected to achieve these same results while
simultaneously incentivizing employment and economic growth.
•! The use of a lottery system among eligible participants ensures that residents have an
equal opportunity to receive the benefits of this option.
•! If more funding or political will becomes available, the REIHC can be easily expanded to
affect a broader impact on the affordable housing market without additional tradeoffs.
17. ! 16
Appendix A: Matrix
POLICY CRITERIA
Cost Efficiency Impact on affordable
housing market
Access to Amenities Political Feasibility Technical Feasibility
P
O
L
I
C
Y
O
P
T
I
O
N
S
Maintain the
Status Quo
Medium: RHA operated at
surplus of $1 million due to
funding from HUD.
However, funding is not
guaranteed to continue from
year-to-year
Very Low: Rental prices
in Renton are increasing,
with average rent
forecasted to exceed
$1,450/month. 1,800
households provided aid
through RHA
Low: Renton has uneven
access to amenities for
residents without a vehicle
and very-low income
residents. Particularly in the
Sunset Area
Medium: Both parties
typically agree that
housing cost is of less
priority than other city
problems, such as
poverty and budget issues
Very High: The RHA
has flexibility in
controlling their
housing policies. This
option requires no
additional
implementation
Create the
Renton Earned
Income Housing
Credit voucher
program
Low: Capped cost at one
million dollars with minimal
additional administration
costs
Medium: Reduces the
deficit between very cheap
and cheap housing and
provides 414 households
sufficient funds to rent
higher quality housing
Very High: Vouchers
strongly reduce the likelihood
of residents living in isolated
or clustered areas of poverty
Medium: Likely to be
less popular than
programs that create
homeownership.
However, the low cost
increases political
support
Very High: The RHA
can easily implement
this program
Increase the
minimum wage
to $15.00 per
hour
Medium: Hiring two
enforcement officers will
cost Renton $128,000/year
Medium: Increases
minimum wage workers
income to $31,200/year,
which reduces the deficit
between very cheap and
cheap housing by 79%
Medium: Increased wage
allows economically
vulnerable residents to have
better access to amenities
Medium: Supported by
the Democratic party. In
the 2012 Presidential
election, 70.5% of
residents. However,
strong opposition from
the Republican party
exists
Medium: Mirroring
Seattle’s “step”
model. However,
minimum wage
increases have been
mostly implemented
in large cities.
Expedite
development
approval and
permitting
Very High: Generates
$15,000 for Renton in the
first year
Low: Spurs the
construction of 30-50
housing units.
Medium: Increases the
construction of mixed-used
projects
Very High: By
generating revenue for
the city and constructing
affordable housing,
options easily gains
political support
Medium: Works with
the City Planning
Department and
requires no additional
resources
Adjust zoning
codes to allow
for additional
accessory
dwellings
High: Costs less than
$10,000 in lost revenue and
reduced application fees
Very Low: Only 4 ADUs
have been constructed
since 2008 and only 10-30
units are expected after
relaxed regulations
High: Since ADUs are limited
to one unit per lot, clustering
of poverty is reduced
Low: Renton is unlikely
to support a policy
allowing a secondary
large structure per lot
High: Renton already
has departments to
access proposals for
ADUs
21. ! 20
Appendix E: Anticipated effect of increasing the minimum wage on the rental gap
22. ! 21
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1
Since 1981, 30% of income has been considered the threshold for burdensome housing cost and remains the standard for most rental housing
programs. This is considered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development as the standard by which federal policy measures housing
affordability.
2
United States. Census Bureau. American Housing Survey. "American FactFinder National Tables" American Housing Survey 2013.
Washington: US Census Bureau, Web. 10 May 2015.
3
City of Renton. “Community Needs Assessment of Human Services and Housing” Community and Economic Development. City of Renton.
N.p., June 2014.
4
"Affordable Housing." Affordable Housing - CPD - HUD. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015.
5
Michael E. Stone. "Housing Affordability: One-Third of a Nation Shelter-Poor" A Right to Housing: Foundation for a New Social Agenda. Ed.
Rachel G. Bratt, Michael E. Stone, Chester Hartman. Temple University Press, 2006. 38-60.
6
“2016-2021 Vision, Mission, Business Plan.” Business. City of Renton n.d. Web 17 May 2015.
7
The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) releases the AMI, which determines housing program eligibility by calculating the
median income of households for the area and grouping residents into income ranges. The AMI in Renton is calculated to be $70,657/year.
8
$21,000 represents 30% of the AMI and $35,000 represents 50% of the AMI
9
City of Renton. (2012). 2012 Community Survey. Available from City of Renton Web site:
http://rentonwa.gov/uploadedFiles/Governement/AJLS/City%20of%20Renton%20Community%20Survey_Residential_Survey_final.pdf?n=1387
10
In 2001 23% of residents were lower than 50% of AMI, now 38% of residents are in this very low to low-income category.
11
City of Renton. Planning Department. “Comprehensive Housing Plan.” Adopted 11/01/04.
12
City of Renton. “Community Needs Assessment of Human Services and Housing” Community and Economic Development. City of Renton.
N.p., June 2014. Web.
13
"Minimum Wage." Minimum Wage. Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015.
14
"Housing Wage Calculator." National Low Income Housing Coalition. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2015.
15
Ibid.
16
United States. Census Bureau. American Community Survey. 2013. Washington: US Census Bureau, Web. 3 June 2015.
17
Overcrowded is considered by HUD and the City of Renton as a household with a Person Per Room ratio above 1.0
18
United States. Census Bureau. American Housing Survey. "American FactFinder National Tables" American Housing Survey 2013.
Washington: US Census Bureau, Web. 10 May 2015.
19
City of Renton. “Community Needs Assessment of Human Services and Housing” Community and Economic Development. City of Renton.
N.p., June 2014. Web.
20
"Affordable Housing." Affordable Housing - CPD - HUD. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015.
21
Renton Housing Authority. “Communities and Waitlists” Updated 3/31/15.
22
Stegman, Michael A., Walter R. Davis, and Roberto Quercia. "The earned income tax credit as an instrument of housing policy." (2004): 203-
260.
23
City of Renton. “Community Needs Assessment of Human Services and Housing” Community and Economic Development. City of Renton.
N.p., June 2014. Web.
24
Ibid.
25
City of Renton “Sunset Revitalization Overview” Available at:
https://rentonwa.gov/uploadedFiles/Business/EDNSP/projects/Sunset_Area_Brochure.pdf?n=2095
26
City of Renton. Department of Community and Economic Development “Customer Information Bulletin: Accessory Dwelling Units.” Revised
3/2015.
27
Email correspondence with Renton Planning Manager 5/27/15
28
Choi, Laura. "Financial stress and its physical effects on individuals and communities." Community Development Investment Review 5.3
(2009): 120-122.
29
Litman, Todd. "Affordable-accessible housing in a dynamic city." Victoria. Victoria Transport Policy Institute (2013).
30
City of Renton. Department of Community and Economic Development “Customer Information Bulletin: Accessory Dwelling Units.” Revised
3/2015.
31
City of Renton. “2013-2014 Adopted Budget.” Updated 2/13/13.
32
City of Renton. “Community Needs Assessment of Human Services and Housing” Community and Economic Development. City of Renton.
N.p., June 2014. Web
33
Working Families, Homes for, Americans' Views of Home Affordability (July 1, 2006).
34
Stegman, Michael A., Walter R. Davis, and Roberto Quercia. "The earned income tax credit as an instrument of housing policy." (2004): 203-
260.
35
Turner, Margery Austin. "Section 8 mobility and neighborhood health." (2000).
36
39% of adults said they are comfortable with affordable rental units in their neighborhood compared to 61% who said they were comfortable
with units specified as homes for purchase.
37
Working Families, Homes for, Americans' Views of Home Affordability (July 1, 2006).
38
"PHA Contact Information." PHA Contact Information. United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, n.d. Web. 02 June
2015.
39
The average annual salary for an enforcement officer is $64,000/year
40
!"Renton, WA Politics and Election Data." Renton, WA Politics and Election Data. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 May 2015.!
41
Email correspondence with Renton Planning Manager 5/27/15
42
Accessory Dwelling Units: A Case Study. Rep. Prepared For: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy
Development and Research. Prepared By: Sage Computing, Inc. Reston, VA, June 2008. Web.
43
Palmeri, Jordan. Accessory Dwelling Units in Portland, Oregon Evaluation and Interpretation of a Survey of ADU Owners. Rep. N.p.: State of
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Materials Management, 1 June 2014. Web.
44
Email correspondence with Renton Planning Manager 5/27/15!
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